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TASHKENT MEDICAL ACADEMY
GENERAL AND RADIATION HYGIENE
CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS OF THE
MEDICAL ECOLOGY
The lecture object: to acquaint of students
with fundamental components of human
ecology, the questions of a dependence of
population health indexes from contemporary
conditions and environment;
to describe the main problems in the sphere of
medical ecology;
to show the role of a physician in a solution of
this problems.
It was considered the concept “human ecology” as
multi-factor system, including both an environment
objects and social-economical factors. The peculiar
actuality of an environment pollution in the
contemporary conditions was accentuated. It was
considered the characteristic of areas (with
Uzbekistan as an example) in depending on a causes of
happened changes and a character of an environment
pollution ( the ecological damages zones, the ecological
disaster zones, the ecological tension zones, the zones
of an action of low intensiveness factors). Possible
consequences of a pollution influence in different areas
for population health were characterized. .
 It
were considered the main medical
problems, connected with a change of the
human environment ( the problem of
ecologic factors regulation, the problem of
the human ecology factors significance
evaluation, the necessity of a measure
elaboration for a mollification of the
action of contemporary human ecology
factors.
The main issue in this topic
1.Modern human ecology, its
components

2.Health and environmental
conditions

3.Main medical ecology problems in
modern conditions

The concept of ecology (Ernest
Haeckel, 1866)
«Ecology - the science that studies the
complexities of relationships and
relationships in nature, considered by
Charles Darwin as the conditions of the
struggle for existence."

«human ecology" - as part of the overall
ecology was first isolated in 1921 by
American sociologists R.Parkom and E.
Burgess

The modern concept of human ecology
(ech) (Treasurers VP, 1987)

Human Ecology - complex scientific and scientificpractical direction concerning the interaction of human
populations from the surrounding social and natural
environment (ie, the person with the environment!)

ech examines the social and natural human interaction
with the operating system, the problems of the population in
order to maintain its health and performance, improve
physical and mental capabilities of human
The main characteristics of the human
environment (Op)
climate and geographical features

Socio-economic indicators

Social and Demographic and Health
Indicators

Indicators infrastructure op

health indicators op

The contribution of different factors in the
risk of health problems of the urban
population (Yu.D.Gubernsky, 1985)
Environmental factors people
actually
load,%
Social and lifestyle factors
54-55
Biological factors of
11,0
Urban and countryside medium
16,5
Work environment
18,5
Pyramid population responses to
environmental factors
environment (for example, environmental
pollution)
Смертность
Заболеваемость
Функциональные изменения,
выходящие за пределы
физиологической нормы
Функциональные изменения,
не выходящие за пределы физиологической нормы
Накопление токсикантов в тканях и органах
Op and disease populations


1 group: the diseases for which the causative
factors are op (endemic goiter, fluorosis, IDA,
specific occupational diseases, etc.)
2gruppa: diseases and conditions for which
adverse conditions op are risk factors
(reduction of resistance, genetic disorders, nonspecific respiratory diseases, diseases of
cardiovascular system, the National Assembly,
the digestive system, skin diseases, diseases of
the musculoskeletal system, etc. - ie . of most
diseases!)
Social and health monitoring

environment and health monitoring has
as its mission to eliminate or reduce harmful
effects of environmental factors on human
health, based on systematic monitoring of
performance of the human environment and
the appropriate correction on the basis of
accounting hygiene
1,2,3-I prevention
Primary prevention - prevention of
disease and any adverse changes in the body
based on the improvement of the human
environment

Secondary prevention, pre-disease
diagnosis, prevention of its clinical
manifestations

Tertiary prevention, prevention of
deterioration of the patient on the basis of
treatment, rehabilitation and improvement
of conditions and way of life of patients

Medical Ecology (DOE)
ME - part of human ecology, which has
its primary aim of improving health
outcomes, taking into account the factors
effect on the body of the human
environment (Op)

The most important contemporary
issues related to the medical environment
pollution!

The bases for judging the risk of
pollution
Environment:



numerous complaints from people living in a
polluted environment, the smells, headache,
general malaise and other discomfort;
health statistics showing rising trends in
morbidity and mortality in the affected areas;
data from special studies aimed to quantify the
relationship between environmental pollution and
its effects on the body.
The main difficulties in identifying the
relationship in the "Environment - Health"
the possibility of non-additive effects
and non-linearity of the relationship;

very long lag symptoms responses
(delay responses to the exposure time);

often mediated effects;

effect of mutual aggravation under the
influence of several factors;

The main difficulties in identifying the
relationship in the "Environment - Health"
(continued)



individual characteristics of the body, primarily
manifested in different sensitivity and
susceptibility to environmental factors, or contrary
to the increased resistance;
frequent imprecision and inaccuracy of official
statistics;
technical difficulties related to the organization
of environment-oriented data collection and
processing.
The most important problems of Medical
ecology




hygienic problems:
And hygienic regulation of complex or combined effects
on the human factors of modern operating systems
Development of methodological approaches that evaluate
the risk of the combined action with the excess as hygienic
regulations and possible changes in the body.
To date, there were developing, in which as the hazard
criteria of the environmental situation uses complex
environmental quality in standard scores, calculated based
on the excess of each factor takes into account the relevant
hygiene regulations.
Current problems in the field of modern ME
(continued)



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

Improving control op:
-improvement of legislation
-certification of environmentally sensitive sites
- mapping of areas based on the location of
ecologically important sites
-based selection of the zones of observation and
control, and a set of indicators of the environment.
-social and health monitoring
Current problems in the field of modern
ME (continued)
Fundamental studies on the pathogenetic
mechanisms of the body of modern op

search tools and methods for correcting
the changes that are already in the body of
modern human populations

Current Challenges to
Modern ME (continued)
Valuing op contemporary factors on the
health of the population (the problems of
environmental epidemiology)

Develop activities for primary, secondary
and tertiary prevention of environmentrelated diseases

The main problems of environmental
epidemiology
Identification of the frequency of various
forms of pathology factors op

study of changes in the clinical features
of the disease in the present conditions

Development of new approaches to
diagnosis, treatment and prevention of
environmentally related diseases

Role of TMA in the development of
problems ecology
GENERAL scientific problems,
developed TMA - "Ecology and Health"

In the development of the problem
involves all departments and divisions
TMA
