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Diabetes Terminology
Combining Words
GlycolKetoPagoNoctoUroDiagnostic Terms
Alkalosis
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Fasting blood (serum) sugar or
glucose (FBS, FBG)
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Glycosylated hemoglobin
Imparied glucose tolerance (IGT)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Insulin resistance
Ketosis
Sugar
Ketone group
Eating, ingestion
Night
urine
Conditions that produce excess
base in the blood
A diverse group of disorders that
share the primary symptom of
hyperglycemia resulting from
defective insulin production,
insulin action, or both
A diagnostic test to measure the
amount of blood sugar in a blood
sample after an overnight fast
Carbohydrate intolerance of
variable severity with onset or first
recognition during pregnancy
Any one of four hemoglobin A
fractions (AIa1, AIa2, AIb, or AIc)
to which d-glucose and related
monosaccharides are covalently
linked
Excessive levels (110–126 mg/dL)
of blood glucose developing after a
carbohydrate-rich meal or test
dosage of glucose (usually 75 g).
A condition characterized by high
blood glucose levels caused by a
total lack of insulin
Resistance of body cells to the
action of insulin
An abnormally elevated
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Symptomatic Terms
Glycosuria
Hyperglycemia
Hyperinsulinism
Hypoglycemia
Ketoacidosis
Ketonuria
Nocturia
Polydypsia
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Reactive hypoglycemia or
postprandial syndrome
Terms Related to Complications
Atrophy
concentration of ketone bodies in
the body tissues and fluids
Condition characterized by high
blood glucose levels caused by
either a lack of insulin or the
body's inability to use insulin
efficiently
The presence of glucose in the
urine
An abnormally high concentration
of glucose in the circulating blood,
seens especially in patients with
diabetes mellitus
Increased levels of insulin in the
plasma due to increased secretion
of insulin by the beta cells of the
pancreatic islets
A low serum glucose, generally
considered to be <70 mg/dL
An acid-base imbalance caused by
an increase in concentration of
ketones in the blood
Enhanced urinary excretion of
ketone bodies
Purposeful urination at night, after
waking from sleep
Excessive thirst
Excessive hunger
Frequent urination
Low blood glucose levels that
occur within 4 hours after a meal
Reduction in size of muscle cells;
wasting of body tissue that occurs
from disuse, disease, or
Cataract
Diabetic coma
Gangrene
Castroparesis
Glaucoma
Insulin shock
Lipodystrophy syndrome
Macrovascular disease
Microvascular disease
Nephropathy
Neuropathy
Osteopenia
malnutrition
Complete or partial opacity of the
ocular lens
Coma that develops in severe and
inadequately treated cases of
diabetes mellitus and is commonly
fatal, unless appropriate therapy is
instituted promptly
Tissue death due to lack of blood
flow and oxygen
Delayed emptying of the stomach
A disease of the eye characterized
by increased intraocular pressure,
excavation, and atrophy of the
optic nerve
Severe hypoglycemia produced by
administration of insulin,
manifested by sweating, tremor,
anxiety, vertigo, and diplopia,
followed by delirium, convulsions,
and collapse
Loss or absence of fat, or the
abnormal distribution of fat in the
body, in HIV infection
Disease of any large (macro) blood
vessels in the body
Angiopathy affecting small blood
vessels in the body
Renal disease that results from
damage to blood vessels from
hyperglycemia
A general term denoting functional
disturbances and/or pathological
changes in the peripheral nervous
system
A term used to describe a bone
mineral density that is low nut not
low enough to meet diagnostic
criteria for osteoporosis
Retinopathy
A noninflammatory disorder of the
retina, the tissue layer within the
back of the eye that senses light
and transmits sensory information
to the brain
Miscellaneous Terms
Endocrinology
Glucagon
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Glucose Tolerance Factor
Ketone bodies
Oral hypoglycemic agents
The science and medical specialty
concerned with the internal or
hormonal secretions and their
physiologic and pathologic
relations
A hormone produced by alpha cells
of the Islets of Langerhans in the
pancreas that works in concert
with insulin to maintain blood
glucose levels; it promotes
glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis,
and lipolysis, while inhibiting
glycogenesis and triglyceride
synthesis
The metabolic pathway through
which glucose of formed from
noncarbohydrate sources (amino
acids or glycerol)
The hydrolysis of glycogen to
glucose
A water-soluble complex
containing chromium and
nicotinate needed for normal
glucose tolerance
The substances acetone,
acetoacetic acid, and betahydroxybutyric acid, which are
normal metabolic products of lipid
metabolism within the liver and
are oxidized in the muscle
Anti-diabetic drugs that treat
Self-monitoring of blood glucose
(SMBG)
diabetes mellitus by lowering
glucose levels in the blood
A means of testing levels of blood
glucose via a fingerstick blood
sample and a blood glucose testing
meter to determine the glucose
result