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Name: _____________________________ Date: _________ Class: ______ Famous Pyramids of Egypt: Overview Important Vocabulary: ka: a soul or spirit that Egyptians believed lived inside of them. paradise: a place similar to heaven that Egyptians believed they went to after they died. mastaba: a flat stone platform placed over a rectangular room built in the ground. The Step Pyramid The Ancient Egyptians believed that for the dead pharaoh to complete their journey to the Underworld and then into paradise, his ka, (soul or spirit) which remained with the body, had to be looked after. In order for the ka to survive, the dead pharaoh's body was mummified and buried with all the things it would need for paradise. In order to protect the pharaoh’s body and belongings, some pharaohs built pyramids. The first pyramid to be built was the Step Pyramid, located in a city named Sakkara. It was built for a pharaoh named Djoser. (pronounced Joe-zer) The Step Pyramid was originally intended to be a large square mastaba built over an underground burial chamber but further extensions were added making a six-layered Step Pyramid 186 feet in height. A mastaba was the earliest form of tomb to be built in Egypt. They were square platforms that protected the important person who was buried below with their belongings. They helped protect pharaohs from being exposed by the sand or from desert animals. 1. Why were pyramids built? A. They looked like ziggurats. B. The pharaoh’s ka lived there. C. They protected the pharaoh’s body and belongings. D. Egyptians were great at building things. 2. What do we call the first Egyptian pyramid built for a pharaoh named Djoser? A. The Great Pyramid B. The Step Pyramid C. The Bent Pyramid D. a mastaba 3. What was a mastaba? A. A pyramid B. A desert animal C. A flat stone platform placed over a rectangular room built in the ground. D. A soul or spirit The Bent Pyramid The age of the first ancient wonders of the world began with the pyramids of a pharaoh named Sneferu, who built three pyramids and may have had a hand in others. He built two pyramids at Dashur- one was called the Bent Pyramid because it looks bent if you look at it from the side. -The Bent Pyramid Sneferu's Bent pyramid was originally planned as a true pyramid, but its geometry was changed at a point just above half its height. His pyramids showed advancement from the Step Pyramid created by Djoser because it was smooth sided and much more difficult to build. 4. Who built the Bent Pyramid? A. Khufu B. Sneferu C. Djoser D. slaves 5. How is the Bent Pyramid different from the Step Pyramid? A. It was built during the flood season B. It was built much earlier than the Step Pyramid C. It was built in Sakkara and the Step Pyramid wasn’t D. It was smooth sided and more difficult to build The Great Pyramid Sneferu wasn’t the only person in his family to build pyramids. His son Khufu continued in the family tradition of creating pyramids for tombs. (Khufu's pyramid at Giza) Some believe that his pyramid at Giza was built by slaves but this is not true. One hundred thousand (100,000) people worked on it for three months of each year. This was the time of the Nile's annual flood which made it impossible to farm the land and most of the population was unemployed. He provided good food and clothing for his workers and was well liked by many Egyptians because of this. The 'great' pyramid itself is truly an astonishing work of engineering skill - for over four thousand years, until the modern era, it was the tallest building in the world. The sides are oriented to the four cardinal points of the compass and the length of each side at the base is 755 feet. It was constructed using around 2,300,000 limestone blocks weighing 5,000 pounds and was a heavy as large truck. There are some blocks that weigh as much as 32,000 pounds. These blocks were placed at a pace of one block per minute and they were cut to such precision that you can’t place a piece of paper between any two blocks. To this day, historians still do not know for sure how this pyramid was built. 6. Who built the Great Pyramid? A. Khufu B. Sneferu C. Djoser D. slaves 7. When did the pharaoh have people work on the Great Pyramid? A. During times of war B. During the flood season C. During the season when crops were picked D. All year round 8. Why did the Great Pyramid get the title of “Great”? A. It was hidden for a long time B. It was built in 5 years C. It was the longest building in the world D. It was the tallest building in the world 8. Complete the statement below. As time went on, pyramids became ____________________________________ _____________________________________________________________. 9. In the boxes below, draw the pyramids that you just read about. The Step Pyramid The Bent Pyramid The Great Pyramid