Download White Board Review: Muscles

Shaw
Anatomy and Physiology
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
Of the 3 types of muscles, which is the only
category that is NOT striated?
Answer: Smooth
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
Of the 3 types of muscle, which is the only
category that is branched and has
intercalculated discs?
Answer: Cardiac
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
Which type of muscle is found in the walls of
the stomach, bladder, and esophagus?
Answer: Smooth
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
What is the only type of muscle in the body
that is under voluntary control?
Answer: Skeletal
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What type of muscle is found in the heart?

Answer: Cardiac
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Your biceps and triceps are examples of
muscle because they are
anchored to the bones.
Answer: Skeletal
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Location: occurs only in the heart
Structure: striated like skeletal muscle but
also branched
Function:
◦ Responsible for controlling heart rate
◦ Not voluntary
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Key words: Cardiac, Striated, Branched,
Involuntary
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Location: walls of the stomach, urinary
bladder, and respiratory passages
Structure: not striated
Function:
◦ Forces food and other substances through internal
body channels (peristalsis)
◦ Involuntary
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Key Words: Visceral, Non-striated, Involuntary
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Location: bundled into skeletal muscles that
attach to and cover the bony skeleton
Structure: has obvious stripes called striations
Function:
◦ Can be controlled voluntarily (i.e., by conscious
control)
◦ Responsible for overall body motility

Key Words: Skeletal, Striated, Voluntary
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
What is the name of the category of muscle
that is primarily responsible for bringing
about a particular movement?
Answer: Agonist (prime mover)
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
What type of muscle helps prime movers
create a particular type of movement?
Answer: Synergist
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
What category of muscle immobilizes a bone
and holds it in place?
Answer: Fixator
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
What category of muscle opposes a prime
mover?
Answer: Antagonist
1.
2.
3.
4.
Prime movers (agonist) – provide the
major force for producing a specific
movement
Antagonists – oppose or reverse a the
movement of an agonist
Synergists
◦ Syn = together; Erg = work
◦ These are the helper muscles!
Fixators – synergists that anchor a bone
or muscle
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Which of the following is NOT a way to name
muscles?
◦
◦
◦
◦

Muscle shape
The type of action they cause
Muscle location
The type of fiber
Answer: type of fiber (shape-deltoid; actionadductors; location-frontalis)
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
What do the muscles names biceps, triceps,
or quadriceps tell you about how they are
named?
Answer: Number of origins for the muscles

What can be learned from the muscle name
“rectus abdominus”?
◦
◦
◦
◦

Muscle
Muscle
Muscle
Muscle
fibers
fibers
fibers
fibers
run
run
run
run
at an angle
straight
perpendicular
left to right
Answer: run straight

What can be learned from the muscle name
“gluteus maximus”?
◦
◦
◦
◦

It
It
It
It
is
is
is
is
a
a
a
a
long muscle
short muscle
small muscle
large muscle
Answer: It is a large muscle (aprox. size)
1.
2.
3.
Location of muscle – bone or body region
associated with the muscle
◦
Temporalis (temporal bone); Intercostal (costal = rib)
◦
◦
Deltoid muscle (deltoid = triangle)
Trapezius muscle (trapezius = trapezoid)
◦
Maximus (largest), minimus (smallest), longus (long),
brevis (short)
Gluteus maximus and Gluteus minimus
Shape of muscle – named for their distinctive
shape
Relative size
◦
4.
Direction of fibers – reveals direction in which
muscle fibers and fascicles run
 Usually in reference to midline or to the long axis of a bone
Rectus (fibers run straight/ parallel to axis)
Transversus (fibers run perpendicular to body/limb)
Oblique (fibers run at angles to an imaginary defined
axis)
Example: Rectus Femoris (muscle runs parallel to bone of
upper thigh)
◦
◦
◦
5.
Number of origins –
◦
Biceps (two origins), triceps (three origins), quadriceps
(four origins)
Location of attachments – named according to point
of origin or insertion
6.
◦
◦
7.
Origin is always named first
Sternocleidomastoid – dual origins in the sternum (sterno)
and clavicle (cleido), and insertion on the mastoid process
of the temporal bone
Action –
◦
◦
Flexor or extensor, as in the names of muscles that flex or
extend, respectively
Other types: adductor, supinator, etc…
*Often, several criteria are combined in the naming of a
muscle*
Extensor carpi radialis longus: action (extensor), joint it acts on
(carpi = wrist), lies closest to radius of the forearm, size (long)
Question
15: Name
that
muscle…
I
A
B
C
D
J
K
L
E
F
M
G
H
N
C
D
E
A
B
F
G
H
I