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Mr. Yescavage
Life Science
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Chapter 6 Study Guide
Please Do Not Write on this Study Guide. Write on the Answer Sheet.
The Environment and Change Over Time.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
1. Scientists can date fossils directly. _________________________
2. In an undisturbed rock formation, the rocks on the bottom are the oldest. _________________________
3. All eras are the same length of time. _________________________
4. The further back in time two species diverged, the less similar they are. _________________________
5. B is a mold of A. This resembles one kind of fossil formation. _________________________
6. These are analogous structures because they look different but are similar in origin.
_________________________
7. These are homologous structures because they are from different origins, but look and act alike.
_________________________
8. Suppose this continent pulls apart as shown by the arrows. After a few million years, the trees at A are likely
to be extinct because they can’t adapt to the change in climate. _________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
9. What is suggested by the figure?
a. Horses appeared no more than a million years ago and had no ancestors before that time.
b. There were no animals that would be considered to be related to horses 55-50 million
years ago.
c. The modern horse is related to other extinct species.
d. The hyracotherium is the same species as the modern horse.
____ 10. Although Darwin did not know about genes, he could see that animals of the same species who had slight
variations that helped them to survive longer could produce more offspring than animals who were not as well
equipped. Which of the following could be an example of a variation that would help a group of animals
survive?
a. black bears in a region that was always covered with snow
b. turtles with long necks on an island where the food source was elevated
c. choosing a cat to take home from an animal shelter
d. planting a certain kind of flower to attract butterflies
____ 11. Which of the following do some scientists believe shows evidence for evolution in living species?
a. homologous structures
c. vestigial structures
b. analogus structures
d. all of the above
____ 12. Which animal would you expect a dog’s genes and proteins to be the most like?
a. wolf
c. alligator
b. bear
d. lion
____ 13. ____ are remains of life from an earlier time.
a. Sedimentary rocks
b. Fossils
c. Variations
d. Limestones
____ 14. Which of the following is NOT a fossil?
a. outline of a fern found in a rock
b. petrified wood in the desert
c. baby mammoth found in a glacier
d. old stone tools found in a cave
____ 15. Scientists can tell whether organisms are closely related by comparing their ____.
a. hair color
c. DNA
b. teeth
d. scientific names
____ 16. Change in the hereditary features of a type of organism over time is ____.
a. growth
c. spontaneous generation
b. biogenesis
d. evolution
____ 17. Pharyngeal pouches were modified during vertebrate evolution. In humans they became ear bones. In fish,
they became
a. fins.
b. ear canals.
c. gill arches.
____ 18. You are studying two animal species. You hypothesize that they are very distantly related to each other. What
would be most useful for testing your hypothesis?
a. comparing their skulls
b. analyzing their DNA
c. comparing their embryos
d. looking up the answer on the Web
Completion
Complete each statement. You can use the wordbank provided. Some choices may be used more than once. Not all the
words will be used.
igneous, mass, Mesozoic, Cenozoic, related, food, camouflage, mimicry, artificial selection, Natural selection, eons,
adaptation, whales and dolphins, whales and fish, variations, homologous, analogous, mineralization, common
ancestors, earlier, more, later, less, trace.
19. Footprints formed in mud that later turned to rock are called _______________ fossils.
20. Petrified wood, fossils that look very like the original trees but that are now actually made up of rock
materials, are the result of the process called _______________.
21. A _______________ fossil shows the activity of an organism.
22. The best type of rock for scientists to use to measure the ratio of stable to unstable isotopes is
_______________ rock.
23. Earth’s current era is the _______________ era.
24. The longest units in the geological time scale are _______________, and there are four of them.
25. A(n) _______________ extinction occurs when many species become extinct in a relatively short amount of
time.
26. Biological evolution is the change over time in populations of _______________ organisms.
27. Darwin saw relationships between the species and the _______________ sources of each island.
28. Animals with _______________ that benefit them, allowing them compete better for food, live longer than
other animals in the same species.
29. Turtles species became different on the different islands because their _______________ sources were
different.
30. A certain type of insect is very tasty to birds. Over time, this insect species comes to resemble another species
of insect that makes birds sick. This is an example of _______________.
31. _______________ involves the reproduction of animals best suited to their environment in greater numbers
than the reproduction of less well-suited animals.
32. A dog breeder prefers very pointy noses for his dogs. So, he breeds dogs with the most pointed noses he can
find in hopes of getting puppies with very pointy noses. This process is called selective breeding or
_______________.
33. The more _______________ structures two species have, the more closely related they may be.
34. Butterflies taste with their feet, while humans taste with their tongues. In this way, butterfly feet and human
tongues are _______________ structures.
35. Hippopotami are more closely related to _______________ than they are to elephants or any other living
species.
36. Homologous structures indicate that two or more species might share ______________________________.
37. A(n) ____________________ is any variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment.
38. Polar bears have white fur to blend into their environment. This is an example of ____________________.
39. These butterflies illustrate the principle of ____________________.
40. A paleontologist found some dinosaur bones in a layer of sediment. When those bones were removed, she dug
deeper. There were several interesting fossils in a lower layer of sediment. She hypothesized that these fossils
lived ____________________ than 65 million years ago.
Matching
Match each term to the correct example.
a. analogous structures
b. artificial selection
c. homologous structures
d. natural selection
e. vestigial structures
____ 41. At the grocery store, Jose saw an apple that had been crossbred with a grape so that it looked like an apple,
had the texture of an apple, but had the flavor of a grape.
____ 42. Sam’s friend tells him that the appendix in a human body serves no purpose. Sam wonders if sometime in the
past, it did have a function.
____ 43. Although birds use their forelimbs for flying, and cats use their forelimbs for walking, the bone structure is
similar.
____ 44. In a litter of feral kittens, the bright yellow ones were easy for predators to spot. Two generations later, each
kitten in the litter was grey.
____ 45. Birds and bees both have wings that they use to fly, but the structure is very different.
Match each term with the correct description below.
a. variation
d. vestigial structures
b. camouflage
e. natural selection
c. homologous structures
f. embryology
____ 46. when an organism blends into its environment
____ 47. study of the development of the embryos of organisms
____ 48. body parts that are reduced in size with no apparent function
____ 49. survival of the fittest
____ 50. a trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species