Download WH Category 1—Students will demonstrate an understanding of

WH Category 1—Students will demonstrate an understanding of
issues and events in world history from 8,000 BC to AD 1750.
A & M Consolidated High School
The Neolithic Revolution
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8,000 BC—Ice Age glaciers
began to melt and the Earth
began to warm.
Farmers began to use rocks
in new ways. Instead of
making tools for hunting
and gathering, they began to
make tools that would aid
them in cultivating crops.
er in the 1st cities.
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The IMPACT of the Neolithic Revolution was felt in
a variety of ways:
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Population surplus—led to
the rise of the 1st cities and
civilizations.
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These new tools gave the
era its name, the Neolithic
Revolution—or “New
rock” revolution.
A shift now occurred
throughout the world. People began to systematically
grow crops and domestic
animals for human use.
Gone were the days of
hunting and gathering.
People now gathered togeth-
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With this increase in food
productivity, some people
were led to job specialization—where they chose to
make their living as artisans,
beer or wine makers, tool
makers, soldiering, etc.
changed civilization. As
people brought their prize
livestock into close contact
with city dwellers, the 1st
diseases were passed between humans and animals. For the people who
survived these transactions,
they passed on genetics that
gave their descendants a
decisive edge in world history.
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People live in Advanced
Cities.
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Have Complex Institutions—such as a temple and
priests.
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Specialized workers
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Demonstrate skill in science
and technology. This also
includes the ability to build
sturdy structures or invent
tools that aid people in their
 Population density– the # of people
per sq. mile.
 Surplus—more than enough
 Job specialization –people can
choose their job.
 Civilization-6 characteristics below.
The domestication of animals for human use also
Have and use Writing.
Vocabulary
 Domestication of animals –training
of animals for human use.
New social hierarchies
developed and the 1st world
economy , the barter system developed.
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Neolithic Revolution
and River Valleys
 Barter Economy—an economy
based on trade.
Inside this issue:
Characteristics of a
Civiliza tion—Can you name them?
A civilization is a form of human
culture in which:
World History—1
struggle to survive and
thrive.
Mesopotamia
2
Egypt
2
The Hebrews
2
Phoenicians
3
India
3
China
3
Map and Review
4
Page 2
WH Category 1—Students will demonstrate an understanding of issues and events in
world history from 8,000 BC to AD 1750.
Mesopotamia— “The Land between 2 Rivers.”
2 Rivers—Tigris and Euphrates
2 Difficult Rivers that both challenged and
defined the civilizations that lived in this region.
Sumer—or the
Sumerians - Considered the 1st civilization in the world. The
Sumerians were the 1st
to develop a system of
writing they called cuneiform. They invented the world’s 1st wheel, and
they created elaborate irrigation
The Sumerians built temples, or ziggurats,
where they could worship their many gods.
Other civilizations
that ruled in Mesopotamia after the
Sumerians:
The Akkadians
under Sargon started the 1st Empire.
Babylonian King, Hammurabi wrote
down the 1st laws in history. “An eye for
an eye and a tooth for a tooth,” was the
justice under the Code of Hammurabi.
nezzar—built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. He also enslaved the Israelites or Jews
during the Babylonian Captivity.
Finally, the Persians
marched into Mesopotamia and ended the Babylonian rule.
The Persian leader,
Cyrus the Great, let
the Jews return to
Israel.
Code of Hammurabi
Chaldean Babylonian—King Nebuchad-
Ancient Egypt
The Nile River supported the Egyptians
who built a lush civilization along its banks.
Scribes and priests wrote in the Egyptian
style of writing—or hieroglyphics, on the
1st paper called papyrus.
Egyptian pharaohs or kings, established
dynasties that ruled like gods on Earth—a
theocracy.
The Great Pyramids housed the mummified
remains of the pharaoh—along with all of the
foods and treasures he would need in the afterlife.
The practice of mummification also meant that
Egyptian medicine and doctors were the best
inVocabulary:
the ancient world.
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Polytheism –belief in many gods.
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Monotheism-belief in one god.
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Irrigation-building structures that allow
farmers to manage rivers and water their
crops.
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Arable land—fertile farming land.
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Pharaohs took part in massive building
projects to ensure that their name would be
eternal. They are best known for the building
of the pyramids at Giza.
Theocracy—when a ruler is worshipped like
a god.
Dynasty—when power is passed from a
dying king to his oldest son.
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Covenant—relationship and agreement
between God and man.
The Hebr ews or Israelites
Jewish historians claim that
around 2,000 BC, a man
from the Sumerian city-state
of Ur, named Abraham,
claimed God spoke to him.
Abraham was the 1st to
claim that there was only 1
God. The belief in only 1
God is monotheism. Prior
to Abraham’s claims, cultures from Egypt and Meso-
potamia were polytheistic—believing in many
gods.
God established a covenant with Abraham.
From Abraham’s bloodlines emerged the 3 Semitic religions of: Judaism, Christianity and
Islam.
The Hebrews/Israelites or
Jews were the only people in the ancient
world who were monotheistic.
Another famous leader was Moses who led
the Israelites out of slavery from Egypt
around 1250 BC, and then passed “God’s
laws” or the 10 Commandments on to them.
Mosaic law becomes foundational to the
American legal system.
World History—1
Page 3
Other Ear ly Civiliza tions—The Phoenicians
The Phoenicians were a seafaring civilization that lived during this era.
Famous Figures from this era:
Their accomplishments include the discovery
of a seashell that produced a valuable purple
dye. It was a valuable trading commodity.
Phoenician sailors and merchants traveled the
Mediterranean, selling this valuable dye.
The Phoenicians’ greatest contribution,
however, was their phonetic alphabet. Letters were used to represent sounds. Those
letters were then joined together to form a
word.
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Hammurabi—Babylonian king who
wrote down the 1st laws called the Code
of Hammurabi.
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Abraham—Hebrew/Jew—1st to claim
there is only 1 God. Patriarch to the 3
religions of Judaism, Christianity and
Islam.
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Moses—man who led the Jews out of
slavery in Egypt and passed on the 10
Commandments.
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Emperor Qin—built the Great Wall of
China and the Terra Cotta Warriors.
India’s Civiliza tions —
The 3rd ancient river valley civilization
developed near the Indus river.
region circa 1500 BC. They too, left their
mark on the region.
This Indus valley river civilization produced
two advanced cities: Mohenjo-Daro and
Harappa.
Aryan invaders migrated throughout the
world, spreading many languages.
These cities were carefully
designed and laid out on a
grid. Their cities featured
advanced drainage and sewage systems as well.
Aryan Invaders came to the
Aryan invaders brought
the writing of Sanskrit to India, and the
philosophy of Hindu-
ism.
philosophy of Buddhism.
321 BC—The Mauryan Empire was
established by Chandragupta. Asoka was
the most famous of Mauryan rulers. He
conquered India, converted to Buddhism,
and is the considered the founding father
of modern India.
321 AD-500 AD—India experienced a
Golden Age under the Gupta Empire.
600 BC—Siddhartha
Gautama began the
Ancient Chinese Civiliza tions and Dynasties
The last river civilization developed near the
Huang He or Yellow River, in China.
This river is still called “China’s sorrow.” The
Xia (Shy) dynasty was the 1st to develop near
the Huang He. They created vast systems of
irrigation to manage the river.
1600-1046 BC- The Shang Dynasty carried
on the production of silk. They were excellent
bronze casters and developed the
1st language in China.
1045-256 BC– The Zhou Dynasty
replaced the Xia Dynasty by claiming that the
Xia had lost the Mandate of Heaven.
The ruling family had the blessings of heaven. If
bad luck, a poor economy, or natural disasters
were omnipresent, then it was believed the ruling
family had lost the Mandate of Heaven. This is
how Chinese dynasties transferred power.
551 BC-479 BC– the 1st Teacher of China, or
Confucius lived and wrote his advice in a book
called the Analects. Filial Piety—or the belief
that one should put the desires of the country, its
parents, and others before ones own selfish desires,
was considered the 1st
Virtue in China. Confucius was an advocate for
hard work and civil service exams that would provided the best candidates for government jobs.
221-206 BC– The Qin Dynasty under emperor
Qin—he built roads, coined money and built the
Great Wall of China to keep invaders out. He
also built the Terra Cotta Warriors to guard his
burial tomb.
202 BC—220 AD—The Han Dynasty was creative. They invented: the seismograph, paper,
and glazed porcelain.
A & M Consolidated High
School
Questions for Review
Name the writing and
locate the civilization
above that is responsible
for the writing?
A= Which river valley civilization?
B=Which river valley civilization?
C=Which river valley civilization?
D-Which river valley civilization?
Can you list the 6
characteristics of a
civilization?
What impact did the
Neolithic revolution
have on the development of the 1st civilizations?
What impact did the
domestication of ani-
mals have on the spread of diseases
to humans?
Which Babylonian king was the 1st
to write down or codify laws?
Who was the man that led the Jews
out of slavery from Egypt?
Which Chinese Emperor built the
Great Wall?
Which Mauryan ruler was their
most famous?
What religions or philosophies
came out of India?
Which Indian empire experienced a
Golden Age?