* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Oracle Server - CIT
Survey
Document related concepts
Extensible Storage Engine wikipedia , lookup
Relational algebra wikipedia , lookup
Microsoft Access wikipedia , lookup
Concurrency control wikipedia , lookup
Entity–attribute–value model wikipedia , lookup
Functional Database Model wikipedia , lookup
Ingres (database) wikipedia , lookup
Navitaire Inc v Easyjet Airline Co. and BulletProof Technologies, Inc. wikipedia , lookup
Microsoft Jet Database Engine wikipedia , lookup
Microsoft SQL Server wikipedia , lookup
Clusterpoint wikipedia , lookup
Oracle Database wikipedia , lookup
Open Database Connectivity wikipedia , lookup
Database model wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Database Foundations 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Roadmap Introduction to Oracle Application Express Retrieving Data Using SELECT You are here Structured Query Language (SQL) Data Definition Language (DDL) Restricting Data Using WHERE DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Data Manipulation Language (DML) Sorting Data Using ORDER BY Transaction Control Language (TCL) Joining Tables Using JOIN Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 Objectives This lesson covers the following objectives: • Describe how data is organized in a relational database • Explain the various relational database terminologies • Define the structured query language and its functions • Describe how SQL processing takes place • Identify the tools used to access the relational database DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 4 How Is Data Organized in Relational Databases? – Data is stored in a two-dimensional matrix known as a table. – RDBMS software is used to manage reading and manipulating data. Oracle Server Table name: EMPLOYEES Table name: DEPARTMENTS … … DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 5 Relational Database Terminology 3 4 2 6 5 1 DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6 Relating Multiple Tables • Each row of data in a table can be uniquely identified by a primary key. • You can logically relate data from multiple tables using foreign keys. Table name: DEPARTMENTS Table name: EMPLOYEES … … Primary key Foreign key Primary key DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 7 What Is SQL? • Structured query language (SQL) is the set-based, declarative language used to access data in an Oracle database. • SQL provides an interface to a relational database and provides statements that help work with the database. DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 8 Functions of SQL • Creating, replacing, altering, and dropping database objects • Inserting, updating, and deleting rows in a table • Querying data stored in the database • Controlling access to the database and database objects • Guaranteeing database consistency and integrity DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 9 SQL Processing Stages of SQL processing Parsing Optimization DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Row Source Generation Execution Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 10 Accessing Data in the Oracle Database Server SQL*Plus DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 11 Case Scenario: Need to Extract Data Faculty Sean, by now you should understand the need to use SQL to access data in a relational database. Can you think of scenarios where retrieving data from a database table would be necessary? Sure. Let me think of some use cases. Student DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 12 Use Cases Hospitals Retail Airports Schools DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 13 Connecting to an Oracle Database • You can connect to an Oracle database through a client program such as: – SQL*Plus – Oracle SQL Developer DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 14 Connecting to an Oracle Database Using SQL*Plus a b c d DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 15 Connecting to an Oracle Database Using Oracle SQL Developer a b c d DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) e Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 16 Summary In this lesson, you should have learned how to: • Describe how data is organized in a relational database • Explain the various relational database terminologies • Define the structured query language and its functions • Describe how SQL processing takes place • Identify the tools used to access the relational database DFo 6-2 Structured Query Language (SQL) Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 17