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Doug Benscoter Unit 2 1) What is the hottest, driest place in the United States? A) Cumberland Valley B) Sugar Valley C) Death Valley D) Desert Valley Answer: C Feedback: Death Valley is the hottest, driest place in the U.S. due mostly to t he landscape which was formed by pull-apart faults. 2) T/F: Pull-apart faults created Death Valley. Answer: True Feedback: Pull-apart faults created Death Valley, which contributes to its extreme summer temperatures. 3) The main way(s) heat is moved by is ________? A) Conduction B) Convection C) Radiation D) All of the above Answer: D Feedback: Temperature is a measurement of the vibrations of atoms that create heat. Heat is moved around by three main ways: conduction, convection, and radiation. 4) What was the first National Park? A) The Smokies B) Yellowstone C) The Grand Canyon D) Yosemite Answer: B Feedback: Yellowstone was the first National Park founded by the expedition of Lewis and Clark (they bypassed it) and signed into law by U.S. Congress on March 1, 1872. 5) T/F: Most earthquakes are caused by elastic rebound. Answer: True Feedback: Earthquakes are caused by elastic rebound, which is basically an explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes. Unit 3 6) The seafloor is made of ________? A) Sand B) Sea-creatures C) Basalt D) Mud Answer: C Feedback: The seafloor is made of basalt which is igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava. 7) T/F: The lithosphere is broken into plates. Answer: True Feedback: The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates that create the shape of our environment by the constant friction of plates colliding. There are eight big plates and some other smaller ones. 8) Which one of the following settings is not associated with volcanoes? A) Pull-apart margins B) Push-together subduction zones. C) Hot spots D) None of the above Answer: D Feedback: The three main types of volcanoes are pull-apart margins, pushtogether subduction zones, and hot spots. 9) T/F: People who live by volcanoes should not worry about them because volcanoes create a little threat and they rarely ever go off. Answer: False Feedback: Geologists can predict fairly well nowadays when a volcano is about to go off. Also, volcanoes create a lot of damage such as landslides, release of poisonous gasses, and tsunamis. 10) T/F: Volcano eruptions are unpredictable and even the best geologists can’t predict when one will go off. Answer: False Feedback: One suggestion to avoid a volcano eruption is to just stay out of harm’s way. Geologists can accurately map out where landslides have occurred along with regions where large pyroclastic chunks have fallen. Unit 4 11) Death Valley was created by this structural style: A) Pull-apart B) Push-together C) Slide-past D) None of the above Answer: A Feedback: Pull-apart faults did create Death Valley. 12) ________ of an iceberg’s thickness sits below the surface. A) 2/5 B) 1/10 C) 4/5 D) 9/10 Answer: D Feedback: 9/10 of an iceberg’s thickness does sit below the surface. The reason why Titanic sank was because when they hit the iceberg, they didn’t realize how much was actually below the surface. 13) T/F: A tsunami may only be a few foot waves in the middle of the ocean. Answer: True Feedback: Tsunamis may be only a few feet high in the middle of the ocean even though tsunamis can travel between 300 and 500 miles per hour because as the wave approaches the coast, it becomes more squashed and high. (Instead of being long and low.) 14) The process that makes rocks that many people consider pretty and creates/produces gems is: A) Monomorphism B) Metamorphism C) Zoomorphism D) Homomorphism Answer: B Feedback: Metamorphism is the process by which rocks can be altered in texture, composition, or internal structure by extreme heat, pressure, and the interaction of new chemical substances. 15) T/F: Tsunamis are usually created from a large underwater earthquake. Answer: True Feedback: Tsunamis are commonly created from underwater earthquakes. However, tsunamis can also be created by undersea landslide, volcanic eruptions, and even meteorite impacts on the water. Unit 5 16) T/F: The poles receive the most sunshine on Earth. Answer: False Feedback: The equator receives the most sunshine on Earth. 17) The changes that occur at the surface are called: A) Weathering B) Breaking-down C) Destroying D) Erosion Answer: A Feedback: Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soils, and minerals by the Earth’s atmosphere, organisms, and waters. 18) The most important mineral that grows in cracks of rocks is ______. A) Granite B) Quartz C) Ice D) Mud Answer: C Feedback: Ice is the most important mineral that grows in cracks of rocks because it greatly helps expands the process. 19) T/F: Water is usually involved in mass movement. Answer: True Feedback: Mass movement usually occurs when water is involved because it makes the soil heavy, lubricates the motion of rocks as they slide past each other, temporarily floats rocks, and saturation of a rock mass helps remove t he effect of water tension. 20) Which one isn’t a mass movement of land? A) Rock fall B) Landslide C) Avalanche D) Shower Answer: D Feedback: Rock falls, landslides, and avalanches are all mass movements of land. A shower is not. Unit 6 21) The evaporation from plants and other surfaces usually is lumped together and called __________. A) Phyto-evaporation B) Phytotranspiration C) Evapotranspiration D) Transpiration Answer: C Feedback: Evapotranspiration is the evaporation from plants and other surfaces. 22) T/F: The wetlands above the Mississippi Delta are disappearing because of the indirect effects of humans. Answer: True Feedback: Draining, dredging, building dikes, mining, building roads, etc. are all indirect effects by humans that are contributing to the diminishing size of wetlands. 23) A cavity in the ground, usually in limestone formation, caused by water erosion and provides a route for surface water to disappear underground is called a _______. A) Waterhole B) Sinkhole C) Cave D) Ground Cavity Answer: B Feedback: A sinkhole is a cavity in the ground cause by erosion. There are a lot of sinkholes in the State College area caused from down going waters. Sinkholes can cause a number of problems such as groundwater contamination, flooding, and property damage. 24) T/F: Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans because the Mississippi river had natural levees which caged the river between the below sea-level city. Answer: True Feedback: New Orleans is located on a flood plain and is sinking slowly. The Mississippi River had natural levees that acted like a cage for the river. When the hurricane came through New Orleans, the river overflowed and caused devastation on New Orleans. 25) T/F: Reservoirs can last forever despite how much sediment is collecting in the reservoir. Answer: False Feedback: Sediment build-up in a reservoir can cause a reservoir to be useless.