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Key Terms
Online Communication
Online community
A virtual community which exists only online. It may be open
to anyone (eg. a bulletin board) or restricted by interest (eg.
various scientific communities.)
Network of friends
A group of people who jointly keep up-to-date contact online.
This may be a specific network, such as The National Youth
Scientific Forum, or it may be more general, like a group of
friends keeping in touch through Facebook.
Virtual world
An online community which meets in a computer-generated
world, for example the large multi-player online games.
Netiquette
Short for ‘internet etiquette’ or ‘network etiquette’. It is a set of
conventions covering the use of networks used to interact with
other people. The conventions are designed to prevent people
causing annoyance or offence to others.
Chat
In this context, refers to any kind of real-time communication
over the internet.
Chatroom
Large Scale interactive conferencing with many people involved
in the same conversation at the same time.
Profile
A user profile is a collection of personal data about a specific
person. This may include biographical information, lists of
interests and photographs.
Online Communication (summary)
• Online community: A virtual community which exists only online. It may be open to anyone (eg. a bulletin board) or
restricted by interest (eg. various scientific communities.)
• Network of friends: A group of people who jointly keep up-to-date contact online. This may be a specific network, such as
The National Youth Scientific Forum, or it may be more general, like a group of friends keeping in touch through
Facebook.
• Virtual world: An online community which meets in a computer-generated world, for example the large multi-player online
games.
•
Netiquette: Short for ‘internet etiquette’ or ‘network etiquette’. It is a set of conventions covering the use of networks used
to interact with other people. The conventions are designed to prevent people causing annoyance or offence to others.
• Chat: In this context, refers to any kind of real-time communication over the internet.
• Chatroom: Large Scale interactive conferencing with many people involved in the same conversation at the same time.
• Profile: A user profile is a collection of personal data about a specific person. This may include biographical information,
lists of interests and photographs.
Online Services
Spam
Junk email where identical messages are sent to a number of
recipients.
Unsolicited bulk emails
Emails that are sent to a large number of people who haven’t
requested them.
Affiliate model
An affiliate website is one that is attached to another company’s
website via a link. The affiliate website receives a percentage of
the revenue from customers clicking through from their website
to the other companies website.
Online Services (summary)
• Spam: Junk email where identical messages are sent to a number of
recipients.
• Unsolicited bulk emails: Emails that are sent to a large number of people
who haven’t requested them.
• Affiliate model: An affiliate website is one that is attached to another
company’s website via a link. The affiliate website receives a percentage of
the revenue from customers clicking through from their website to the other
companies website.
Cloud Computing &
Storage
Cloud computing
This is when a computer uses services provided by another
organisation’s computer systems.
Servers
A computer hardware system which acts as a host for other
computers on the same network.
Cloud storage
This is when a computer’s storage, access and retrieval facilities
are hosted by another computer system.
Radio frequency
identification (RFID)
The use of a wireless non-contact system that uses radio waves
to transfer data from a tag attached to an object or person. The
technology is mainly used for purposes of automatic
identification and tracking.
Cloud Computing & Storage (summary)
• Cloud computing: This is when a computer uses services provided by another
organisation’s computer systems.
• Servers: A computer hardware system which acts as a host for other computers on
the same network.
• Cloud storage: This is when a computer’s storage, access and retrieval facilities are
hosted by another computer system.
• Radio frequency identification (RFID): The use of a wireless non-contact system
that uses radio waves to transfer data from a tag attached to an object or person.
The technology is mainly used for purposes of automatic identification and
tracking.
The Internet
Network
A group of computers that are connected together by
communication channels and that have the capability of
sending and/or receiving information between them.
Protocol
Communications protocol is a set of rules that allows a
computer system to connect with a different system to transfer
data.
Ethernet
An Ethernet cable is used to connect a user to a network.
Bandwidth
A way of measuring how much data is carried over a network.
Bit
The amount of data transferred within a unit of time (i.e.. bits
per second).
Point of Presence (PoP)
An access point to the internet. Normally, it is a location that
contains all of the hardware that allows internet users access to
the internet. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) may operate
several PoPs in their area to allow good access to the internet.
Network Access Point
(NAP)
An interchange between networks within the internet. It allows
ISPs to interconnect with each other.
Internet Protocol
The protocol used to route packets of information across the internet.
A packet is an individual unit of data that is carried across a network,
including the internet. It is made up of a header which identifies the
packet and a body which is the actual data message. It is one of the
functions of the TCP to organise an internet message into packets.
Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP)
The protocol that takes data from a user’s application program and passes it to the
IP for transfer across the internet. The reverse operation is performed at the
destination computer where the TCP reassembles the data (from individual packets)
and forwards them to the user’s application program. The close relation of the TCP
with the IP means that the terms are usually used in combination as TCP/IP.
File Transfer Protocol
(FTP)
A standard protocol that allows files to be transferred between two
computers on a TCP-based network. It is commonly used to
download programs to your computer from other servers and to
upload webpages that you have created to the server that is hosting
them on the internet.
Internet Service
Provider (ISP)
Direct connection to the internet would be very costly and so
ISPs provide a cost effective gateway to the internet. In the UK
there are many ISPs some of the most popular ISPs are BT
(British Telecom), Virgin Media and Sky.
ISP services
As well as providing a gateway to the internet, ISPs normally
provide additional services such as email. Many also provide
web space for the development of websites, technical support
and troubleshooting.
The Internet (summary)
• Network: A group of computers that are connected together by communication channels and that have the capability of
sending and/or receiving information between them.
• Protocol: Communications protocol is a set of rules that allows a computer system to connect with a different system to
transfer data.
•
•
•
•
Ethernet: An Ethernet cable is used to connect a user to a network.
Bandwidth: A way of measuring how much data is carried over a network.
Bit: The amount of data transferred within a unit of time (i.e.. bits per second).
Point of Presence (PoP): An access point to the internet. Normally, it is a location that contains all of the hardware that
allows internet users access to the internet. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) may operate several PoPs in their area to
allow good access to the internet.
• Network Access Point (NAP): An interchange between networks within the internet. It allows ISPs to interconnect with
each other.
The Internet – Protocols (summary)
• Internet Protocol (IP): The protocol used to route packets of information across the internet. A
packet is an individual unit of data that is carried across a network, including the internet. It is
made up of a header which identifies the packet and a body which is the actual data message. It is
one of the functions of the TCP to organise an internet message into packets.
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): A standard protocol that allows files to be transferred
between two computers on a TCP-based network. It is commonly used to download programs to
your computer from other servers and to upload webpages that you have created to the server
that is hosting them on the internet.
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP): A standard protocol that allows files to be transferred between two
computers on a TCP-based network. It is commonly used to download programs to your
computer from other servers and to upload webpages that you have created to the server that is
hosting them on the internet.
The Internet – ISPs (summary)
• Internet Service Provider (ISP): Direct connection to the internet would be
very costly and so ISPs provide a cost effective gateway to the internet. In
the UK there are many ISPs some of the most popular ISPs are BT (British
Telecom), Virgin Media and Sky.
• ISP services: As well as providing a gateway to the internet, ISPs normally
provide additional services such as email. Many also provide web space for
the development of websites, technical support and troubleshooting.