Download The Rock Cycle

In This Lesson You Will Review...
• the three types of rocks and
how they are formed.
• to identify rock samples from
each of the three groups.
• uses for of the rocks identified
in the lesson.
The Rock Cycle
The Rock Cycle
• Igneous rock forms from magma
or lava.
• Broken pieces can be carried
away and deposited in layers.
• The layers may be pressed
together by the weight of material
above them or cemented together
by minerals in water….
• The sediments can harden into
sedimentary rock.
• This rock may become buried by
other layers.
• Below the surface of the earth,
heat and pressure can change the
sedimentary rock into metamorphic
rock.
• If the metamorphic rock melts, it
may be used again to form new
igneous rock….
• the rock cycle may continue.
Igneous Rock
lava
magma
How Igneous Rocks Form
• Igneous means “from fire”
• formed from molten rock material
as it cools and hardens
• molten rock below the earth’s
surface is magma
• molten rock on the earth’s surface
is lava
• igneous rocks come from either
obsidian pumice
granite
basalt
Igneous Rocks
• obsidian
• granite
• pumice
• basalt
Obsidian
Obsidian
• forms when lava cools quickly
• called “volcanic glass”
• sharp edges
Granite
Granite
• formed by slowly cooling magma
• colors in dots
• contains coarse grained minerals
Pumice
Pumice
• forms from quickly cooling lava
• contains holes / light weight
• can float in water
Basalt
basalt
• black
• has air holes
• makes up the Hawaiian Islands
Sedimentary Rock
sediments
river bed
How Sedimentary Rocks Form
• sedimentum means “to settle”
• rocks form from sediments that
have been pressed together
• sediments come from:
–plant or animal remains
–minerals dissolved in water
–large rocks that have broken up
conglomerate sandstone
limestone
shale
Sedimentary Rocks
• conglomerate
• sandstone
• limestone
• shale
conglomerate
conglomerate
• made of pebble sized rocks
cemented together with mud
• usually found near beaches
sandstone
sandstone
• composed of sand + quartz
• granular appearance
• used in building materials
limestone
limestone
• formed from the mineral
calcite and sediments
• “chalk”
shale
shale
• made from mud
• formed in layers
• component of bricks
Metamorphic Rocks
• meta means “change”
• morphe means “form”
• rocks have been changed by heat
and pressure
• this is called metamorphism
Metamorphic Rock
heat
marble
limestone
pressure
How Metamorphic Rocks Form
• formed from existing rocks
• rocks are changed by extreme
heat and pressure
• igneous or sedimentary rocks
can be changed into metamorphic
rocks
gneiss
marble
slate
schist
Types of Metamorphic
Rock
• marble
• gneiss
• schist
• slate
Marble
marble
• colored layers may be made
smooth and shiny
• has colorful veins
• formed from limestone
gneiss
gneiss
• can see particles
• made from granite
• wavy bands of dark
and light layers
Schist
Schist
• formed from quartz,
feldspar and mica
• has shiny flakes
• bands or stripes
Slate
slate
• formed from shale
• splits easily into flat sheets
• used to make chalkboards
The word “igneous” means...
A. from fire
B. from water
C. to be ignited
What is magma?
A. molten rock on the earth’s
surface
B. molten rock below the
earth’s surface
C. volcanic ash
What is lava?
A. an abrasive in soap
B. molten rock above the
earth’s surface
C. molten rock below the
earth’s surface
Igneous rock forms from ….
A. lava
B. magma
C. either lava or magma
Obsidian, granite, pumice, and
basalt are examples of …..
A. igneous rocks.
B. sedimentary rocks.
C. metamorphic rocks.
The nickname for this rock is
“volcanic glass”
A. pumice
B. shale
C. obsidian
This rock is has colored dots.
A. pumice
B. granite
C. marble
This rock can float in water.
A. pumice
B. limestone
C. sandstone
The Hawaiian Islands are made of
this rock.
A. obsidian
B. basalt
C. sandstone
Sedimentum means….
A. to settle
B. solid rock
C. move slowly
Sedimentary rocks form from...
A. sediments pressed together.
B. rocks cemented together.
C. both A and B
Conglomerate, sandstone, and
limestone are examples of ….
A. sedimentary rocks.
B. igneous rocks.
C. metamorphic rocks.
A rock made from pebble sized
rocks cemented together with mud.
A. sandstone
B. limestone
C. conglomerate
This rock is made from mud and
forms in layers.
A. shale
B. slate
C. gneiss
This rock is made from granite.
A. marble
B. schist
C. sandstone
These rocks are formed from
existing rocks.
A. igneous rocks
B. sedimentary rocks
C. metamorphic rocks
Metamorphic rocks form when rocks
are placed under ….
A. mud in a river bed.
B. frozen ice.
C. heat and pressure.
Metamorphic rocks form from...
A. igneous rocks.
B. sedimentary rocks.
C. both A and B
This rock is formed from quartz,
feldspar and mica.
A. schist
B. marble
C. gneiss
This rock makes “chalk” marks
A. sandstone
B. limestone
C. slate
Name this rock…..
A. gneiss
B. granite
C. marble
Name this rock…..
A. obsidian
B. basalt
C. marble
Name this rock…..
A. sandstone
B. pumice
C. conglomerate
End of Presentation