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The Roaring Twenties Changes in American life following WWI • Labor saving products came on the scene and transformed daily life. People now had more leisure time. Some examples of these products are - refrigerators, stoves, and vacuum cleaners. • Electric lighting now existed in more than 60% of American households. • People moved to the suburbs and had cars to drive back in to their city jobs. Technological Advances in the area of Communication • Increased availability of telephones • Development of the radio by Gugliemo Marconi • Development of the broadcast industry by David Sarnoff • Development of the movies Gugelielmo Marconi – Pioneer of wireless communications “the radio” David Sarnoff – Head of RCA, began experimenting with the idea of broadcast journalism – first in radio and then TV Entertainment Movies • Offered entertainment • Offered escape • Were black and white • Were called talkies • First talkie – The Jazz Singer Radios • First commercial radio broadcast – KDKA in Pittsburgh • Programs included – – – – – News Concerts Sporting events Comedies music The Great Migration North • • • • During WWI, more This northern than 500,000 African migration caused Americans had left the South for new • Race riots jobs in the North. • Discrimination Why? • Violence Low-paying jobs in the all in the north south Discrimination and violence in the south Better employment opportunities in the north Segregation in the south There was much intolerance in America during the 1920s. Some examples…. Increase in the number of lynchings (hangings) in the South. More than 70 African Americans were lynched. Revival of the Ku Klux Klan – They used pressure and scare tactics to get their way, but sometimes Klan members whipped or lynched people or burned property. Nativism – the belief that native-born Americans were superior to foreigners. Back to Africa Movement – supported by Marcus Garvey who opposed integration and urged African Americans to establish their own country in Africa. Intolerance Continued - The Red Scare was a period when the government went after “Reds” - as communists were known, and others with radical views such as anarchists. •Anarchists – people who believe there should be no government • In the early 1920s, the government deported – expelled about 500 aliens it had arrested because they were considered dangerous. Intolerance Continued – The Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti The Crime – two men robbed a shoe factory in Massachusetts, shooting and killing a guard and paymaster. Arrested – Italian immigrants Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti. Both men were anarchists and Sacco owned a gun similar to the one found at the crime scene. Verdict – Sacco and Vanzetti were executed. Inventions and Technology Wider availability of consumer goods Increased demand for electricity Brand Names Assembly line Radio Higher standard Advertising of living Installment buying More leisure time for me!! Advertisements of the 1920s The effects of the automobile on American society • • • • Detroit, Michigan became the automobile manufacturing center of the world. The automobile Increased mobility Allowed movement to the suburbs Provided new jobs Supported industries such as: – – – – Steel Road construction Tourism Oil Music, Art, and Literature • The Harlem Renaissance was a time of increased awareness of the literary and artistic achievements of African Americans. • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Langston Hughes - writer Jacob Lawrence - artist Louis Armstrong - musician Duke Ellington - musician Bessie Smith – blues singer Music- -The Age of Jazz • Louis Armstrong – African American jazz composer • Duke Ellington – African American jazz composer • Aaron Copeland – composer who wrote uniquely American music • Bessie Smith – African American blues singer • George Gershwin – composer who wrote uniquely American music Music- -The Age of Jazz Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington • Bessie Smith-blues singer during the Harlem Renaissance Aaron Copeland – composer of uniquely American music both jazz and classical George Gershwin – composer of uniquely American music. Musicals: Porgy and Bess, Funny Face Art • Georgia O’Keefe – artist known for urban scenes and, later, paintings of the Southwest • Jacob Lawrence – African American painter who chronicled the experiences of the Great Migration north through art Paintings of Georgia O’Keefe Paintings of Jacob Lawrence Literature • Langston Hughes –African American poet who combined the experiences of African and American cultural roots • F. Scott Fitzgerald – novelist who wrote about the Jazz Age of the 1920s • John Steinbeck – novelist who portrayed the strength of poor migrant workers during the 1930s Literature Harlem What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore— And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over— like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode? Langston Hughes F. Scott Fitzgerald – novelist, wrote about the Jazz Age of the 1920s John Steinbeck – novelist, wrote about migrant workers in the 1930s Key Individuals who impacted the 1920s • Henry Ford – model T • John Scopes – biology teacher –found guilty of teaching evolution • Clarence Darrow – defense attorney • John Scopes is arrested in Tennessee for teaching evolution. His trial causes a national sensation. • Scopes was convicted and lost his job. Laws against teaching evolution remained but were • rarely enforced. Prohibition – the forbidding by law of the making or selling of alcoholic beverages • The Temperance Movement worked to rid alcohol in America. • The 18th Amendment made it illegal to manufacture, transport, and sell alcoholic beverages in our country It was passed in 1919. • Because the 18th Amendment didn’t work, Congress voted to pass the 21st Amendment which repealed the 18th Amendment. The following resulted from the 18th Amendment: Moonshine – homemade alcohol Bootleggers – people who made and sold alcohol illegally Speakeasies – clubs where alcohol was sold illegally Organized crime Changing Role of Women • The symbol of the 1920’s American women was the flapper. (women who were eager to try something new) • • • • • • Women discovered more personal freedom in the 1920s. drove cars played sports went to college had new job opportunities could vote gained property rights Frank Lloyd Wright • He was an American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator who designed more than 1000 projects.