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Mythology, Allusions, Literary Background Knowledge Types of Myths Creation/Origin Myths Explanations of Natural Occurrence Myths Explanations of Cultural Expectations (more often like fables) Culture's perspective on humanity can be seen through that culture's envisioning of deity. Culture's social expectations can be gleaned from stories told Greco-Roman Pantheon The Olympians/Roman equivalents of primary gods/goddesses: Zeus/Jupiter, Apollo, Ares/Mars, Poseidon, Hermes, Hephaestus/Vulcan, Hera/Juno, Athena/Minerva (sprang fully formed from Zeus' head), Artemis/Diana, Aphrodite/Venus, Demeter/Ceres Secondary gods/goddesses included: Hermes/Mercury, Hades, Hestia/Vesta, Dionysus/Bacchus, Eros/Cupid, Pan, Persephone, Hecate, the Muses, the Fates (Moerae), the Furies, Gaea, Janus (Roman only) Stories Zeus' infidelity (Europa, Io, Leto/Latona, Alcmena, Leda, Semele, Ganymede, Callisto, Maia, Metis, Dione, Danae) Prometheus Sisyphus Heracles (son of Zeus and Alcmena); Labors of Heracles Perseus (son of Zeus and Danae), and his battle with the Gorgon Medusa Gordion Knot Achilles (son of King Peleus and Thetis, a nymph), "Achilles' heel" and the River Styx Oedipus, answered the riddle of the Sphinx Orpheus and death of Eurydice Sword of Damocles Arachne Narcissus Demeter and Persephone Odysseus, the Sirens, and Penelope Icarus and Daedalus Helen of Troy Menelaus & Paris Aeneas, Fall of Carthage, carrying his father on his back Norse Mythology Thor Odin (the One-Eyed Stranger, the All-Father) Loki Ragnarok Judeo-Christian Biblical Allusions, Literary Background Knowledge Jewish Bible/Christian Old Testament Creation story Adam & Eve, the serpent Cain & Abel Tower of Babel Noah, forty days and forty nights, rainbow and covenant Abraham & Isaac Abraham, Sarah, & Ishmael Moses, Ten Plagues, "Let my people go," Golden Calf Joshua and the Gates of Jericho Samuel David & Goliath David & Bathsheba David, "Absalom, Absalom, my son, my son." Psalm, ch. 23 Solomon as judge: two women and a baby Ecclesiastes 3:1-8 (Also "Turn, Turn, Turn" by the Byrds) Ruth & Naomi Daniel in the lions' den Shadrack, Meshack, and Abednego Job Jonah Christian Bible's New Testament "Fishers of men" The Disciples: Peter, John, Thomas, Judas (there are eight others, less significant) Parables of: the talents, the sower, the rich man and Lazarus, the lost coin/lost sheep, the prodigal son, the pearl of great price, the mustard seed, Good Samaritan Rich man and the eye of a needle Mary & Martha Miracles of Jesus: water into wine, bread and fishes (feeding of the thousands), raise Lazarus (a different one) from the dead John the Baptist's head The Pharisees/pharisaical, the Pharisee and the publican, the widow's mite Crucifixion, carry one's cross, crown of thorns, spear in the side Barabbas, two thieves, resurrection Judas, thirty pieces of silver Saul of Tarsus: holding the coats while being consenting unto the stoning of Stephen, on the road to Damascus Day of Judgement, sheep & goats, right hand of God, Matthew 25: 31-46
