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Name: ____________________________________ Core: __________ Answers - Review Packet #1 1. The measurement of length between two points, which does NOT include a direction, is called what? Answer: Distance 2. Measurements that include a magnitude (meaning, a number) and a direction are called what? Answer: Vectors 3. What is the steepness or angle of a line of a graph called? Answer: Slope 4. Your speed at a specific moment in time is called _____ speed. Answer: Instantaneous 5. What is the average speed of a car that travels 300 km in 6 hours (in km/h)? (Read this question twice.)I will give you 30 seconds to answer this question. Answer = 50 km/hr 6. If a certain car travels at a speed of 70 miles per hour, how many miles did it travel in 2 hours? (Read this question twice.) Answer = 140 miles 7. If it takes 5 hours to travel 500 miles, how many miles did a car travel in 3.5 hours? (Read this question twice and give them 30 seconds.) Answer = 350 miles 8. How are speed and velocity different? Write a short sentence. Answer = Velocity includes a direction. 9. The rate at which velocity changes is called ___. Answer = Acceleration 10. A horizontal straight line of a speed-time graph indicates what? (You may have to draw what a horizontal line looks like on the board.) Answer = constant speed 11. A horizontal straight line of a distance-time graph indicates what? Answer = the object is not moving (no distance traveled over time) 12. A line that curves upward on a speed-time graph indicates what? Answer = Acceleration (because more distance is covered in a shorter amount of time) 13. Draw a distance time graph showing an object that moves away from its origin, stops, and then returns back to its origin. Answer = The graph should show an upward sloping straight line, then a horizontal line, then a downward sloping line that hits the x-axis. 14. A push or pull that causes an object to move, stop, or change direction is called a ___. Answer: force 15. A book pushed across a table is an example of what kind of forces acting of the book? Answer: unbalanced forces 16. When you stand still and don’t float off into space, the force of gravity and the reactionary force acting on you are said to be ____. Answer: balanced (because the forces are canceling each other out). 17. What are the units used to describe force? Answer: Newtons 18. What is the net force (magnitude and direction) acting of an object when it is pushed to the left with 10 N and to the right with 7 N of force? Answer: 3 N to the left 19. What is the velocity of objects that travel towards the center of the earth in a free fall? Answer: 9.8 m/s2 20. What is the force that one surface exerts an another when the two rub against each other? Answer: Friction 21. Which scientist described the law of gravity first? Answer: Sir Isaac Newton 22. Which of Newton’s Laws of Motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction? Answer: Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion 23. Which of Newton’s Laws basically says that an object will keep doing what it was doing, whether it was in motion or stationary? Answer: Newton’s 1st Law of Motion 24. What is the force of an object that has a mass of 10 kg and an acceleration of 10 m/s2? Answer: 100 N (because force = mass x acceleration) 25. The penny passengers mini lab was an example of which law? This was the one where you placed a penny on a toy car. Answer: Newton’s 1st Law of Motion, or Law of Inertia 26. If a car travels twice around a round racetrack that is 100 km long, what is its displacement? Answer = 0 km, because it ended where it started Previous Units Review Questions: 27. What gas makes up most of the earth’s atmosphere? Answer: Nitrogen 28. What level of the atmosphere is where all of the weather occurs? Answer: Troposphere 29. What layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer? Answer: Stratosphere 30. What is the name of the last layer of the atmosphere? Answer: Exosphere 31. The process in which water vapor turns into clouds is called ___? Answer: Condensation 32. The process in which plants release water into the atmosphere is called __? Answer: Transpiration 33. What percentage of the atmosphere is made up of oxygen? Answer: 21% 34. What gas makes up about 0.04% of the atmosphere? Answer: Carbon dioxide 35. What is the name of the United States federal agency and writes environmental regulations? Answer: EPA or Environmental Protection Agency 36. What type of cloud brings fair weather? Answer: cumulus 37. The weight of the atmosphere pressing down of the earth is called ___. Answer: air pressure, or atmospheric pressure 38. Where is there less air pressure, in the mountains or at the coast? Answer: mountains 39. Most of the air molecules can be found in which layer of the atmosphere? Answer: troposphere 40. The place where two air masses meet is called a ___. Answer: front 41. Draw the weather symbol for a warm front. Answer: there should be a line with semi-circles (not triangles). 42. What instrument is used to measure air pressure? Answer: barometer 43. What is the science of studying the weather called? Answer: meteorology 44. Which cloud is associated with thunderstorms? Answer: cumulonimbus 45. The process in which water changes from a liquid to a gas as a result of heating is called ____. Answer: evaporation 46. Spiraling high winds and funnel-shaped clouds are a characteristic of what weather event? Answer: tornadoes 47. Huge, rotating storms that start over the ocean and affect large areas are called ___? Answer: hurricanes 48. What type of clouds can be found at the highest altitudes? Answer: Cirrus 49. What type of front is caused when a cold air mass pushes underneath a warm air mass, and it rains suddenly? Answer: cold front 50. On a colored weather map, what color are cold fronts? Answer: blue 51. Which protist moves with a single flagellum and has an eyespot? Answer: Euglena 52. What is the name of the structure that amoebas use to move? Answer: Pseudopods 53. What is the name of the structures that paramecium use to move? Answer: cilia 54. What is the name for the gel-like material found inside a cell? Answer: cytoplasm 55. What is the name of the organelle that releases energy into the cell? Answer: mitochondria 56. What is the name of the organelles that contain chlorophyll to make food for a plant cell? Answer: chloroplasts 57. What is the name of the organelle that stores water? Answer: vacuole 58. Which body system is involved in the production and release of hormones? Answer: endocrine 59. What is the name of the blood vessels that allow gas exchange? Answer: capillaries 60. What is the word for maintaining a stable internal environment? Answer: homeostasis 61. What system is primarily responsible for protecting an organism from microscopic invaders? Answer: immune 67. What organ of the body produces bile? Answer: gall bladder 68. What organ of the body is the largest? Answer: skin 70. Skin is part of which body system, primarily? Answer: integumentary 71. Give an example of a homozygous recessive genotype. Answer: two lowercase letters 72. Give an example of a heterozygous genotype. Answer: One uppercase letter, then one lowercase letter 73. A segment of DNA is called a ____. Answer: gene 74. What process creates gametes? Answer: meiosis 75. An observable trait that masks the presences of another trait is said to be dominant or recessive? Answer: dominant