Download 4 lecture uterus gross anatomy File

Female Reproductive Anatomy
Uterine tube
Ovary
Uterus
Urinary bladder
(moved aside)
Vagina
Urethra
Hymen
Vestibule
The uterus (womb)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUtjft-8s5k
Functions
1. serves to receive the sperm
2. transports sperm from site of deposition to uterine tubes for fertilization
3. provides suitable environment for:
a. implantation of the embryo
b. nourishment of the embryo & fetus during pregnancy
4. provides mechanical protection of the fetus
5. expels the mature fetus at the end of pregnancy
The uterus: domestic animals
Uterine horns
Uterine horns
Uterine body
Cervix
Vagina
Vestibulum
The uterus: woman
Fundus
of uterus
Body of uterus
Ureter
Uterine blood vessels
Isthmus
Lumen
(cavity)
of uterus
Wall of uterus
• Endometrium
• Myometrium
• Perimetrium
Internal os
Cervical canal
External os
Lateral fornix
Cervix
Posterior view
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Vagina
The uterus: topography
Rectum
Peritoneum
Perimetrium
Bladder
Uterus
Round ligament
Rectouterine
pouch
Vesicouterine pouch
Rectum
Urinary bladder
Pubic symphysis
Cervix
Vagina
Anus
Uterus configuration
duplex:
rat, rabbit, guinea pig
bipartite:
mare
bicornuate:
bitch, sow, cow, ewe
simplex:
primate, human
Rabbit: duplex uterus
The female rabbit has a duplex uterus.
This has two separate uterine horns and no uterine body.
Each horn has its own cervix,
and the two cervices open into a
single vagina.
Cow: bicornuate uterus
It is characterized by a small uterine body and two
long uterine horns. Fusion of the uterine horns of the
cow and ewe near the uterine body gives the
impression of a larger uterine body than
actually exists.
Cow: bicornuate uterus
It is almost totally within the abdominal cavity.
The uterine horns have a ventral concavity.
Ewe: bicornuate uterus
It is similar to the cow uterus.
Sow: bicornuate uterus
The sow has long uterine horns (1m).
Horns have an intestinal loop appearance.
Sow: bicornuate uterus
Mare: bipartite uterus
The uterus of the mare is termed bipartite due to the
relatively large size of the uterine body compared to
the two uterine horns. This differs from that in other
farm animals where the uterine horns are more
predominant. The lack of a septum dividing the
uterine body is also notable.
Woman: simplex uterus
It has a pear shaped body with no uterine
horns, is characteristic of humans and other
primates.
Uterine horns
Dorsal Face
intercornual ligament
Free border
Mesometrial border
APEX
BASE
Ventral Face
Cow
Uterine body
Right margin
Dorsal Face
Ventral Face
Left margin
Cow
Body: major portion
Fundus: rounded superior region
Isthmus: narrowed inferior region
Cervix: narrow neck
Body of uterus
Uterine body
Fundus
of uterus
Lumen
(cavity)
of uterus
Wall of uterus
• Endometrium
• Myometrium
• Perimetrium
Isthmus
Cervical canal
Vagina
Cervix
Posterior view
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Uterus: ligaments (woman)
The ligaments of the uterus are 10 in number:
one anterior (vesicouterine fold of peritoneum);
one posterior (rectouterine fold of peritoneum);
two lateral or broad;
two uterosacral;
two cardinal (lateral cervical) ligaments; and
two round ligaments.
Anterior ligament: consists of the vesicouterine fold of peritoneum, which is reflected on to the bladder
from the front of the uterus
Posterior ligament: consists of the rectouterine fold of peritoneum, which is reflected from cervix on to the
front of the rectum.
Uterosacral ligaments: secure uterus to sacrum
Suspensory ligament
of ovary
Peritoneum
Uterine tube
Ovary
Uterosacral
ligament
Uterus
Rectouterine
pouch
Round ligament
Rectum
Urinary bladder
Vesicouterine pouch
Pubic symphysis
Cervix
Vagina
Anus
Mons pubis
Urethra
Clitoris
External urethral orifice
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Domestic animals
rectouterine fold
Rectum
Bladder
vesicouterine fold
cardinal (lateral cervical) ligaments:
from cervix and superior vagina to pelvic lateral walls
Suspensory
ligament of
ovary
Ovarian
blood vessels
Broad ligament
• Mesosalpinx
• Mesovarium
• Mesometrium
Ovarian
ligament
Body of uterus
Ureter
Uterine blood vessels
Isthmus
Uterosacral ligament
Uterine
(fallopian)
tube
Fundus
of uterus
Lumen
(cavity)
of uterus
Uterine tube
• Ampulla
• Isthmus
• Infundibulum
• Fimbriae
Ovary
Round ligament of uterus
Wall of uterus
• Endometrium
• Myometrium
• Perimetrium
Internal os
Cervical canal
Cardinal (lateral cervical)
ligament
External os
Lateral fornix
Vagina
Cervix
Posterior view
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Round ligaments: bind uterus to anterior wall
Broad ligaments: a fold of peritoneum which is reflected from the margin of the uterus to the lateral walls
of the pelvis
Mesometrium:
lateral support of
broad ligament
Suspensory
ligament of
ovary
Ovarian
blood vessels
Broad ligament
• Mesosalpinx
• Mesovarium
• Mesometrium
Ovarian
ligament
Body of uterus
Ureter
Uterine blood vessels
Isthmus
Uterosacral ligament
Uterine
(fallopian)
tube
Fundus
of uterus
Lumen
(cavity)
of uterus
Uterine tube
• Ampulla
• Isthmus
• Infundibulum
• Fimbriae
Ovary
Round ligament of uterus
Wall of uterus
• Endometrium
• Myometrium
• Perimetrium
Internal os
Cervical canal
Cardinal (lateral cervical)
ligament
External os
Lateral fornix
Vagina
Cervix
Posterior view
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
The broad ligaments in domestic animals
Laterale
Face
Medial
Face
Dorsal
Margin
Broad ligament
Cranial
Margin
Ventral
Margin
Uterus cavity
Fundus
of uterus
Body of uterus
Lumen
(cavity)
of uterus
Wall of uterus
• Endometrium
• Myometrium
• Perimetrium
Isthmus
Cervical canal
Vagina
Cervix
Posterior view
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Uterus cavity
Horns
Body
Cervix
Body
Cervix
Uterus cavity
The body is long and does not show a
septum. The uterus has endometrial folds
which are parallel to the length of the
uterus.
mare
Cervix
Cervix: narrow neck, or outlet; projects into vagina
Cervical canal communicates with:
Vagina via external os
Uterine body via internal os
Cervical glands secrete mucus that blocks sperm entry
except during estrus
Cervix
Fundus
of uterus
Lumen
(cavity)
of uterus
Body of uterus
Isthmus
Internal os
Cervical canal
External os
Lateral fornix
Vagina
Cervix
Posterior view
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cervix
Posterior fornix
Cervix
Anterior fornix
Vagina
Cervix: domestic animals
•The lumen of the cervix is the cervical canal.
•The canal is formed by, and often almost occluded by mucosal folds.
• Single fold in the queen and bitch
• Multiple folds protruding into the cervical canal in the cow, ewe, sow and mare.
•The cervical canal opens cranially into the body of the uterus at the internal uterine
ostium.
•The cervical canal opens caudally into the vagina at the external uterine ostium.
Cervix: cow
Internal os
folds
Fornix
Cervical canal
External os
Vagina
cow
External os
Vagina
Cervix: cow
Cervix: cow
cow
Fornix
Cervix: sow
Body
*
The body is very small (few cm).
Body
The cervix is very long (10 cm)
And directly continous into
the vagina without forming
the fornix.
Cervical folds form rings
*
**
cervical rings*
that interdigitate with each other
to close the cervical canal.
Some useful links
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8fgm-zEYjQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNRDxjMlEoQ