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TERM PROJECT – PSYCHOLOGY 2150 (Dr. Kim P. Miller)
DUE DATE: DECEMBER 1, 2010
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Given what you've learned in this course so far, it is important for you to learn about the
brain if you want to be a counselor and not a researcher because you need to
a. be able to diagnose mental illness when you talk to people.
b. be able to recognize the possibility of some kind of physical condition behind
what appears to be psychological.
c. be able to prescribe medications correctly for your clients.
d. know as much as a neuroscientist.
2. Trepanation is a(an)
a. ancient practice of drilling holes in a person's skull.
b. type of mummification.
c. postmortem ritual.
d. technique involving the analysis of the bumps on the skull.
3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek advanced brain science by
a. demonstrating that neurons communicate via electricity.
b. demonstrating that sensory and motor information travel along separate
pathways.
c. inventing the light microscope.
d. proposing the Neuron Doctrine.
4. The Neuron Doctrine pertains to the
a. use of electricity by neurons in communication.
b. localization of language to the left hemisphere.
c. separate pathways used for processing sensory and motor information
d. nervous system as a collection of separate cells.
5. The purpose of stimulation research is to
a. identify stimuli that activate a particular part of the brain.
b. identify the function of a part of the brain.
c. observe individual ion channels in the membranes of neurons.
d. observe the activity of a particular part of the brain.
6. As part of your senior thesis, you want to study the effects of advertising on young children
during Saturday morning cartoons. Which of the following is the first step you will need to
take?
a. Get informed consent from the group of children you will be using as subjects.
b. Obtain approval for your project from the human participants institutional
review board at the university you are attending.
c. Recruit students from a local school to be subjects.
d. Find a place for all the children to watch television together on a Saturday
morning.
7. A dog's ears are __________ relative to its tail.
a. rostral
c. dorsal
b. caudal
d. ventral
8. Researchers who wished to view a structure from the top of the head would use a
_________ section.
a. sagittal
c. horizontal
b. coronal
d. midsagittal
9. Axons carrying sensory information to the brain may be found in
a. the ventral white matter of the spinal cord.
b. the dorsal white matter of the spinal cord.
c. both the ventral and dorsal white matter of the spinal cord.
d. the lateral white matter of the spinal cord only.
10. Degeneration of the basal ganglia is a feature of which of the following conditions?
a. Alzheimer's disease
c. schizophrenia
b. Parkinson's disease
d. autism
11. Damage to the hippocampus in both cerebral hemispheres is associated with
a. Parkinson's disease.
c. retrograde amnesia.
b. schizophrenia.
d. anterograde amnesia.
12. Students in a biological psychology laboratory were investigating the ability of rats to form
associations between tones and electrical shock. Lesions to which of the following
structures would make it very difficult for the students to teach their rats to be afraid of the
tones?
a. the nucleus accumbens
c. the substantia nigra
b. the amydala
d. the hypothalmus
13. “Permeability” refers to the ability of the cell's
a. axons to form connections with other neurons.
b. microtubules to transport substances within the cell.
c. dendrites to receive information from other neurons.
d. membrane to control the movement of substances into or out of the cell.
14. Anterograde and retrograde transport within neurons occurs along
a. microtubules.
c. microfilaments.
b. neurofilaments.
d. transport sites.
15. In Alzheimer’s disease, which of the following substances contributes to the development of
neurofibrillary tangles?
a. tetrodotoxin
c. amyloid
b. calcium
d. tetanospasmin
16. Conduction of action potentials in an unmyelinated axon is referred to as
a. absolute.
c. saltatory.
b. relative.
d. passive.
17. Protein structures on the postsynaptic neuron that have recognition sites on the
extracellular side and G proteins on the intracellular side are known as
a. ionotropic receptors.
c. autoreceptors.
b. metabotropic receptors.
d. transporter molecules.
18. What could happen if the neurotransmitter stayed in the synapse longer than it should,
rather than being deactivated?
a. The action potential might go on and on and on.
b. Nothing important, as neurotransmitters can only interact with receptors one
time.
c. The neuron might not be able to fire any more because it would be stuck in the
refractory period.
d. Receptors on the post-synaptic neuron might continue to be stimulated by the
neurotransmitter.
19. Chemical messengers that often travel in the blood supply in order to affect target neurons
that are quite distant are known as
a. neurotransmitters.
c. neurohormones.
b. neuromodulators.
d. neuroenzymes.
20. L-dopa participates in the synthesis of
a. dopamine only.
b. dopamine and epinephrine.
c. dopamine and norepinephrine.
d. dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.
21. Behaviors involving movement, reinforcement, and planning often involve brain systems that
use the neurotransmitter
a. dopamine.
c. epinephrine.
b. norepinephrine.
d. serotonin.
22. Which of the following drugs act as reuptake inhibitors?
a. organophosphates and reserpine
c. nicotine and curare
b. cocaine and Prozac®
d. Botox® and apomorphine
23. The magnitude of a drug's effect is most directly a result of
a. the concentration of the drug in the blood supply.
b. the gender of the user.
c. the method of administration (smoking, chewing, etc).
d. whether or not the drug is fat soluble.
24. John participates in a drinking game at a friend’s weekend party and after a while, finds
himself vomiting uncontrollably. Which of the following statements is the best description of
John’s situation?
a. There is nothing to worry about. Everybody vomits when they drink alcohol at
parties.
b. John’s blood-brain barrier must be malfunctioning, as this normally would
prevent the initiation of vomiting.
c. John has ingested a dangerous amount of alcohol, and his area postrema has
initiated vomiting in order to remove remaining alcohol from his stomach.
d. John must have ingested other drugs in addition to alcohol, because alcohol
alone will not initiate vomiting.
25. Ultraviolet light would not make a good basis for a visual system because
a. it passes through objects rather than reflecting from them.
b. it is too abundant at the surface of the earth.
c. most ultraviolet light is blocked by the earth's atmosphere.
d. it travels at too slow a speed.
26. The reason we do not perceive our eye blinks as “blackouts” might be that:
a. blinks happen too quickly to be perceived by the cerebral cortex.
b. during a blink, the visual cortex is inactivated.
c. we learn to ignore these interruptions in visual input.
d. during a blink, areas of the brain involved with consciousness become less
active.
27. Which of the following structures is actually a clear extension of the sclera?
a. the fovea
c. the lens
b. the macula
d. the cornea
28. While you are reading this test, your _________ vision is most active because of activity in
your _________.
a. photopic; fovea
c. photopic; ganglion
b. scotopic; fovea
d. photopic; rods
29. In humans, _________ percent of optic nerve fibers cross the midline.
a. 20
c. 70
b. 50
d. 100
30. Visual input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus participates in
a. setting circadian rhythms.
c. visually guided reflexes.
b. recognizing familiar objects.
d. recognizing color.
31. In the film Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry Potter’s “Fat Lady” painting tries to break a glass with
the high-pitched, loud sound of her singing voice alone. Which type of sound stimulus is the
Fat Lady trying to produce?
a. high amplitude, low frequency
c. low amplitude, low frequency
b. high amplitude, high frequency
d. low amplitude, high frequency
32. Axons from the inferior colliculi synapse in the _________ of the thalamus.
a. medial geniculate nucleus
c. ventral posterior nucleus
b. lateral geniculate nucleus
d. intralaminar nuclei
33. Which of the following parts of the body are more sensitive according to the two-point
discrimination test?
a. back of the torso
c. forearms
b. calves of the legs
d. lips
34. Which of the following areas of the human body has the largest representation in the
primary somatosensory cortex?
a. the foot
c. the thumb
b. the torso
d. the leg
35. Olfactory receptor axons synapse within the
a. olfactory epithelium.
b. glomeruli of the olfactory bulbs.
c. olfactory cortex.
d. medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus.
36. Gustatory cortex is located in the _________ lobe.
a. frontal
c. parietal
b. temporal
d. occipital
37. Current research suggests that Americans
a. are getting just about the right amount of sleep.
b. are sleeping more than the amount that is considered healthy.
c. are sleeping less than the amount that is considered healthy.
d. sleep too little during the work week, but maintain a healthy lifestyle by
catching up on sleep over the weekend.
38. Melatonin is released during the
a. day in diurnal species and during the night in nocturnal species.
b. day in nocturnal species and during the night in diurnal species.
c. day in both diurnal and noctural species.
d. night in both diurnal and noctural species.
39. It is most likely that sleep
a. has the same functions in all species.
b. does not serve the same purposes in all species.
c. is a behavior seen only in birds and mammals, as it requires a complex brain.
d. has important functions, but humans can live without it.
40. Metabolism rates are
a. positively correlated with the production of harmful free radicals.
b. negatively correlated with the need for nutrients.
c. positively correlated with hours spent awake.
d. negatively correlated with the production of harmful free radicals.
41. The purpose of the rapid eye movements that occur during REM sleep is
a. to direct the eyes during dreaming.
b. to reduce emotional stress.
c. to maintain sleep in spite of high levels of brain activity.
d. currently unknown.
42. Wakefulness is associated with high levels of
a. acetylcholine and GABA.
c. histamine and melatonin.
b. acetylcholine and histamine.
d. adenosine and histamine.
43. Savant behaviors occur
a. only in individuals with autism.
b. in the majority of individuals with autism and mental retardation.
c. in a small minority of individuals with autism and mental retardation.
d. only in people who have experienced brain damage.
44. Which of the following statistical facts provides support for a role of prenatal androgen levels
in lateralization?
a. lower rates of verbal learning disabilities among males
b. higher rates of immune disorders among females
c. lower rates of left-handedness among males exposed prenatally to ultrasound
d. higher rates of left-handedness among males
45. Left-handed people
a. nearly always lateralize language to the right hemisphere.
b. are less likely to lateralize language to the right hemisphere.
c. are less likely to use both hemispheres equally for language than right-handed
people.
d. are more likely to use both hemispheres equally for language than righthanded people.
46. An area of the brain that appears to be structurally different in musicians with perfect pitch
is
a. the planum temporale.
b. the prefrontal cortex.
c. Heschl's gyrus (primary auditory cortex).
d. the corpus callosum.
47. As a child, Michelle learned sign language at the same time she learned English because
her mother signed and spoke at the same time. If Michelle has a stroke that results in
Broca's aphasia, which of the following might you expect?
a. She will speak English with difficulty but will be able to sign perfectly.
b. She will be unable to sign correctly but will be able to speak English well.
c. She will be able to speak English with difficulty and will also have trouble
signing.
d. She will have no comprehension of English, but she will be able to sign well.
48. The arcuate fasciculus is typically damaged in cases of
a. conduction aphasia only.
b. conduction aphasia and Broca's aphasia.
c. conduction aphasia and global aphasia.
d. conduction aphasia and transcortical aphasia.
49. Historical trends indicate that rates of human violence
a. have been stable for thousands of years.
b. have increased dramatically in the last 100 years.
c. have decreased relative to ancient times.
d. remain very low in hunter-gatherer groups, but have increased dramatically in
nation-states.
50. Emotional expression can enhance survival by enabling us to
a. avoid negative valences.
b. produce uniform levels of arousal.
c. reduce stress.
d. communicate nonverbally with others.
51. Brittany was interning at a rehabilitation facility for people who had experienced brain
damage in automobile accidents. She noticed that some of her patients were usually quite
cheerful, in spite of their injuries. It is most likely that Brittany’s cheerful patients had
a. experienced damage to their right hemispheres.
b. experienced damage to their left hemispheres.
c. damaged both frontal lobes.
d. damaged their cingulate cortices.
52. Some of the most powerful reinforcement effects are obtained through electrical stimulation
of the
a. fornix.
c. corpus callosum.
b. medial forebrain bundle.
d. anterior commissure.
53. Gambling and the use of addictive drugs may be rewarding due to activation of the
a. hypothalamus.
c. amygdala.
b. nucleus accumbens.
d. periaqueductal gray.
54. The result of activity in the HPA axis is
a. activation of the amygdala.
b. reductions in serotonergic activity.
c. increases in the release of testosterone.
d. increases in the release of cortisol.
55. Which of the following could not be an accurate statement?
a. Tom has been hospitalized due to lung cancer that has metastasized to his
brain.
b. Tom has been hospitalized due to a glioma that has caused him to have
seizures.
c. Tom has been hospitalized due to a benign tumor that has spread to his liver.
d. Tom has been hospitalized due to a meningioma that will be removed from his
brain tomorrow.
56. Individuals experience violent, rhythmic contractions during
a. the tonic phase of grand mal seizures.
b. the clonic phase of grand mal seizures.
c. petit mal seizures.
d. the Jacksonian march.
57. Inflammation of the brain caused by viruses is known as
a. neurocysticercosis.
c. meningitis.
b. encephalitis.
d. septicaemia.
58. So-called “mad cow disease” is a type of
a. transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE).
b. encephalitis.
c. meningitis.
d. kuru.
59. One likely candidate for a “headache generator” is the
a. locus coeruleus.
c. raphe nuclei.
b. substantia nigra.
d. periaqueductal gray.
60. Most neuropsychologists are
a. specialists among psychiatrists who have medical doctor (M.D.) degrees.
b. specialists among neurologists who have medical doctor (M.D.) degrees.
c. clinical psychologists with Ph.D. or Psy.D. degrees who have special training in
biological psychology.
d. masters level psychologists who hold licenses in counseling.
61. Based on research by Banich and her colleagues on recovery following brain damage, we
can conclude that
a. adult brains are more plastic than child brains.
b. child brains are more plastic than adult brains.
c. adult and child brains are about equally plastic.
d. neither adult nor child brains show any significant plasticity.
62. Schizophrenia means “split mind” in Greek. To what “split” does this term refer?
a. the split in personality, characterized by the existence of two or more separate
personalities within the same person
b. the patients’ split with reality, or their inability to distinguish real from unreal
c. the changes that take place as the condition progresses, or a split from the
previous person to the person with schizophrenia
d. a disconnect in the corpus callosum, which does not allow information to be
transferred from one hemisphere to the other
63. Compared with healthy controls, people with schizophrenia show evidence of having
a. abnormally low amounts of dopamine.
b. abnormally high amounts of dopamine.
c. increased numbers of glutamate receptors in their brains.
d. reduced numbers of glutamate receptors in their brains.
64. Stress might interact with the development of depressed mood by
a. leading to a longer and prolonged release of serotonin.
b. leading to a longer and prolonged release of cortisol.
c. interfering with cortisol reuptake.
d. reducing the synthesis of serotonin.
65. Depression is correlated with:
a. relatively normal amounts of sleep time, but less REM than usual.
b. relatively normal amounts of sleep time, but more Stage 3 and Stage 4 nonREM sleep than normal.
c. reduced amounts of sleep (hyposomnia) in all cases.
d. both reduced amounts of sleep (hyposomnia) and greater than normal
amounts of sleep (hypersomnia).
66. Which of the following correctly summarizes outcome studies of treatment for depression?
a. Medication is more effective than cognitive-behavioral therapy.
b. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is more effective than medication.
c. Neither medication nor cognitive-behavioral therapy appear effective.
d. A combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication is usually most
effective.
67. Some studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggest that panic
attacks result from activity in the
a. raphe nuclei.
b. basal ganglia and hippocampus.
c. hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex, and cingulate cortex.
d. cerebellum and amygdala.
68. Raine and his colleagues reported that low levels of frontal lobe activity are associated with
a. all individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.
b. murderers whose personal background includes abuse and neglect.
c. murderers whose personal background does NOT include abuse and neglect.
d. murderers who are normally responsive to environmental stimuli.
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
69. Santiago Ramón y Cajal is best known for demonstrating that neurons generate electrical
signals.
70. The pathways of the brain can be studied using either myelin stains or horseradish
peroxidase.
71. Questions about the activity of the brain can be investigated using positron emission
tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
72. Electroencephalograms (EEG) represent the activity of all cortical neurons, regardless of
their distance from any of the recording electrodes.
73. If the concordance rate for a psychological disorder is 60 percent, this means that genetics
determine 60 percent of a person’s risk and the environment contributes the other 40
percent.
74. Federal guidelines for using human participants in research apply to all organizations and
individuals receiving federal funding, but not private corporations.
75. The parietal lobes are found rostral to the occipital lobes and posterior to the frontal lobes.
76. The arachnoid layer of the meninges is found in both the central and peripheral nervous
systems.
77. The reticular formation extends from the medulla through the pons and into the midbrain.
78. Primary auditory cortex is found in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex.
79. Primary somatosensory cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
80. Within a species, brain size is strongly and positively correlated with an individual’s
intelligence.
81. There are many more neurons than glia in the nervous system.
82. Microtubules are the largest type of fibers found in the neural cytoskeleton.
83. Mitochondria are responsible for the production of proteins in the neural cell body.
84. Following birth, an organism’s dendrites are incapable of further growth or structural change.
85. Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheaths in the central nervous system.
86. Additional action potentials can occur in response to stronger-than-normal stimulation
during a neuron’s absolute refractory period.
87. Small molecule neurotransmitters must be synthesized in the cell body, whereas
neuropeptides can be synthesized anywhere in the neuron.
88. Endorphins are a type of neuropeptide.
89. Agonists always have a beneficial effect on neural activity, but antagonists are always
poisonous.
90. Men and women of the same weight drinking 2 beverages in one hour will have the same
blood alcohol readings.
91. The fact that THC in marijuana interacts with receptors in the brain suggests that we have
some type of naturally-occurring substances that are chemically very similar to THC.
92. LSD produces its effects by stimulating the release of serotonin.
93. The visible spectrum contains wavelengths that are longer than ultraviolet waves but shorter
than microwaves.
94. The blind spot of the eye occurs when light falls on the macula.
95. Rods are unable to distinguish color, yet show a peak sensitivity to light in the blue-green
range of the visible spectrum.
96. Retinal disparity decreases with the distance of the object from the viewer.
97. The lens of the eye continues to grow throughout the lifespan.
98. People with prosopagnosia might also demonstrate the phenomenon of blindsight.
99. Low frequency sounds are perceived as being quiet.
100. It is relatively easy for most people to distinguish between sounds directly in front of them
from sounds coming from directly behind them.
101. The semicircular canals contain the same type of fluid found in the cochlear duct of the
cochlea.
102. Meissner’s corpuscles feature small receptive fields and rapid adaptation.
103. Nociceptors respond to mechanical stimuli, heat, and chemicals.
104. The processing of the sense of taste differs from most other senses, because taste
information travels to the cortex before it travels to the thalamus.
105. A traveler flying from California to New York is likely to experience more jet lag than a
traveler flying from New York to California.
106. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is active during the daytime in diurnal animals, like
humans, but is active during the night in nocturnal animals, like rodents.
107. K-complexes are brief bursts of brain activity observed in the EEG of a person in Stage 2
NREM sleep.
108. Dreaming occurs only during REM sleep, but not during NREM sleep.
109. Cholinergic activity is high during wakefulness and REM sleep, but lower during NREM sleep.
110. During a sleep attack caused by narcolepsy, the patient initially enters a period of NREM
sleep.
111. The split brain operation saves the life of the patient, but usually results in major deficits,
such as the loss of language abilities.
112. Lateralization occurs in species other than human beings, suggesting that it provides some
advantages for survival.
113. A significant mutation in the FOXP2 gene associated with language abilities occurred prior to
the branching of species leading to modern chimpanzees and humans.
114. Dyslexia is strongly influenced by genetics.
115. The discrepancy between measured intelligence and verbal ability in individuals with
Williams syndrome illustrates the existence of multiple types of intelligence.
116. Paul Thompson and his colleagues found low correlations between the amount of gray
matter in the frontal lobes and language areas of identical twins.
117. Voluntary and spontaneous emotional expressions are mediated by different pathways in
the brain.
118. For most people, the left hemisphere plays a major role in assessing emotions in facial
expressions and tone of voice.
119. The ventral tegmental area is connected with the nucleus accumbens and other forebrain
structures by the medial forebrain bundle (MFB).
120. The heritability of impulsive aggression is very low, indicating that most human aggression is
the result of learning and other environmental influences.
121. High serotonin levels help prevent aggression by facilitating the activity of forebrain
structures such as the orbitofrontal cortex.
122. When receptors in the amygdala report high levels of cortisol, the amygdala inhibits further
activity in the HPA axis.
123. Larger numbers of strokes result from ischemia than from cerebral hemorrhages.
124. Partial seizures are frequently accompanied by an aura, but generalized seizures typically
occur without an aura.
125. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of Schwann cells.
126. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) can be transmitted from one patient to
another due to inadequate sterilization of hospital equipment.
127. Spinal cord damage is usually accompanied by exaggerated reflexes.
128. The “mental muscle” approach to rehabilitation following brain damage provides better
outcomes than the use of training in specific skills.
129. Most cases of schizophrenia result from disturbed relationships, typically between a child
and his or her parents.
130. Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, but are
about equally likely as men to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
131. People with obsessive-compulsive disorder are usually unaware that their behavior is
considered unusual.
132. Injections of sodium lactate can initiate a panic attack in individuals diagnosed with panic
disorder.
133. Scientists who do not have attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder do not experience
increases in concentration and focus while using methylphenidate (Ritalin).
134. Criminal psychopaths show impaired abilities to identify fear in a person’s voice.
Fill in the Blank
Fill in the correct answer for each question. For multi-part questions in this section, ALL parts
must be correct in order to obtain credit.
135. The philosophical perspective put forth by Rene Descartes in which the body is mechanistic,
whereas the mind is separate and nonphysical is called ____________.
136. ____________is the amount of variability of a trait in a population that is due to genetics.
137. The technology that uses a series of MRI images taken one to four seconds apart in order to
assess the activity of the brain is ____________.
138. ____________ are special types of EEG recordings that allow researchers to study the
brain’s response to environmental stimuli.
139. Naturally occurring or deliberately produced brain damage, or ____________, can help
neuroscientists identify the functions of specific areas of the brain.
140. We can use ____________ rates in twins to evaluate the genetic contributions to a particular
psychological disorder.
141. ____________ is the space filled with cerebrospinal fluid that lies between the arachnoid
and pia mater layers of the meninges in the central nervous system.
142. The most caudal part of the hindbrain is the ____________.
143. ____________ is the division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for rest and
energy storage.
144. The basal ganglia include the ____________, ____________, ____________, and
____________.
145. The two hemispheres are connected by the ____________ and the ____________.
146. The forebrain can be divided into the ____________, which contains the thalamus and
hypothalamus, and the ____________, which contains the remainder of the cerebral
hemispheres.
147. Cells in the nervous system that support the activities of neurons are called ____________.
148. ____________ are the smallest fibers found in the cell cytoskeleton that may participate in
the changing of the length and shape of axons and dendrites.
149. The process for ending the action of neurotransmitters in the synaptic gap in which the
presynaptic membrane recaptures the transmitter molecules is called ____________.
150. Extracellular fluid is rich in ____________ and ____________ but contains little
____________ compared to the intracellular fluid.
151. In the resting neuron, potassium moves into the cell due to ____________ and out of the cell
due to ____________.
152. The enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is ____________.
153. ____________ are the symptoms that occur when certain addictive drugs are no longer
administered or are administered in smaller quantities.
154. The illegal liquid sedative that appears to affect the thresholds of response for a number of
neurotransmitters is called ____________.
155. ____________ is a relatively untested herbal remedy often taken in response to depression.
156. ____________ is a neuropeptide that might participate in feelings of pain.
157. ____________ is an inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter, and ____________ is an
excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter.
158. Dopamine reuptake is inhibited by ____________, ____________, and ____________.
159. The small pit in the macula specialized for detailed vision is the ____________.
160. ____________ is the area at the base of the brain where the optic nerves cross to form the
optic tracts; the location of a partial decussation of the optic nerves in humans.
161. The theory of human color vision based on three antagonistic color channels: red-green;
blue-yellow; and black-white is called ____________.
162. Light is focused on the retina by the ____________ and the ____________.
163. Rods are responsible for ____________ vision, and cones are responsible for ____________
vision.
164. Information from the retina travels to the ____________ of the hypothalamus, to the
____________ of the midbrain, and to the ____________ of the thalamus.
165. ____________ is a nerve ending that responds to painful stimuli.
166. The ____________ in the frontal lobe responds to the sense of smell.
167. The ____________ is located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe and is responsible
for the initial cortical processing of somatosensory input.
168. The three bones of the ossicles are the ____________, ____________, and ____________.
169. The three membranes found in the cochlea are the ____________, the ____________, and
the ____________.
170. Olfactory receptor fibers synapse on structures known as ____________, which are located
in the ____________.
171. An external cue for setting biological rhythms is called a ____________.
172. ____________ is the period of sleep characterized by slow, synchronous brain activity,
reductions in heart rate, and muscle relaxation.
173. ____________ is the sleep disorder characterized by the intrusion of REM sleep, and
occasionally REM paralysis, into the waking state.
174. The substance ____________ is released early in the morning, whereas the substance
____________ is released a few hours before sleep.
175. The locus coeruleus and raphe nuclei are ____________ during wakefulness, ____________
during NREM, and ____________ during REM.
176. Wakefulness is associated with ____________ and ____________ waves, whereas NREM
sleep is characterized by ____________ and ____________ waves.
177. The use of pitch and intonation in language to convey emotional tone and meaning is
____________.
178. The speech disorder in which comprehension is poor but the ability to repeat is retained is
called ____________.
179. The capacity to acquire and apply knowledge is generally called ____________.
180. According to Aitchison, true language is characterized by the ability to produce novel
utterances, or ____________; the use of symbols, or ____________, and the ability to use
language without training, or ____________.
181. In the language model proposed by Dronkers et al., the language implementation system
includes ____________, ____________, ____________, and ____________.
182. People with ____________ cannot read at all, whereas people with ____________ have
difficulty learning to read in spite of normal intelligence and instruction.
183. The theory of emotion in which general arousal leads to cognitive assessment of the context,
that in turn, leads to the identification of an emotional state is called ____________.
184. The theory of emotion in which the simultaneous activation of physical responses and the
recognition of subjective feelings occur independently is called ____________.
185. The theory of emotion in which a person’s physical state provides cues for the identification
of an emotional state is called ____________.
186. The medial forebrain bundle (MFB) connects the ____________ and ____________ to
forebrain structures, including the ____________ and ____________.
187. Aggression is correlated with high levels of the hormone ____________ and low activity by
the neurotransmitter ____________.
188. The “HPA” in the HPA axis stands for ____________, ____________, and ____________.
189. The condition caused by bleeding in the brain is ____________.
190. A type of partial seizure originating in the temporal lobes is a ____________.
191. ____________ is the condition characterized by brain cysts resulting form parasitic infection
by the pork tapeworm T. solium.
192. A ____________ is material that blocks a blood vessel without moving from its place of origin,
and an ____________ is material that blocks a blood vessel after moving through the
circulation from its place of origin.
193. Closed head injuries produce damage at the ____________, or point of impact, and at the
____________ on the opposite side of the head from the original point of impact.
194. Two types of partial seizures are ____________ seizures and ____________ seizures, and
two types of generalized seizures are ____________ seizures and ____________ seizures.
195. ____________ is a severe lifetime disorder characterized by impairments in social
interaction, range of interests, and communication.
196. ____________ is a condition characterized by an abnormal lack of empathy and remorse,
often leading to the exploitation of others to meet personal goals.
197. The experience of intense feelings of impending doom and the need to escape accompanied
by strong sympathetic arousal, including heart palpitations, sweating, trembling, and
shortness of breath is called ____________.
198. Three positive symptoms of schizophrenia are ____________, ____________, and
____________.
199. Bipolar disorder is characterized by periods of inflated mood known as ____________, which
alternate with periods of ____________.
200. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might result from immaturity in the
____________ and ____________.
Term Project Answer Sheet – PSY 2150 (Physiological Psychology)
Dr. Kim P. Miller
Name: ____________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE SECTION:
1.
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Name: ____________________________________
TRUE/FALSE SECTION:
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91.
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92.
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93.
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118. ___________
Name: ____________________________________
FILL IN THE BLANK SECTION:
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