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Do Now: What you Know About Hurricanes 1. Describe the background picture 2. Where is the hurricane located? 3. What kind of damage does a hurricane cause? Storms and Severe Weather 1. Mid-latitude Cyclone 2. Hurricane 3. Tornado Mid-latitude Cyclone Along polar fronts of mid-latitudes Bring much precipitation in the middle latitudes Eventually results in an occluded front Associated with thunderstorms, hail and tornadoes Figure 7s-3 Thunderstorms Formation: Air rises, cools, condenses to form clouds. Strong updrafts Rain, thunder, lightning, strong winds Strong downdrafts stop rising air, water vapor present decreases Lightning Discharge of electricity creating a spark to equalize charges Heats the air and expands rapidly producing a loud noise (thunder) Tornado Smallest, most violent, short lived, haphazard storms Rotating column of air, increasing winds and funnel Thunderstorm meets high altitude horizontal winds Late spring to early summer Texas and mid-western US Low pressure system How do we measure a tornado? The Fujita Scale Hurricane Formation Super HURRICANES What exactly is a hurricane? A large rotating storm that forms in the tropics and has winds of at least 119 km/hr (~74 mph) When is Hurricane Season? st 1 June through November 31st How are hurricanes structured? Rain bands ◦ Rain and wind mild ◦ Pull moisture from ocean Rain Bands Eye ◦ Center of low pressure ◦ Mild wind, no rain Eye Wall Eye Eye Wall ◦ Winds and rain strongest ◦ Giant thunderstorms Looking up the eye wall of Hurricane Ivan in the Gulf of Mexico. (2004) Hurricane Spiral Animation Hurricane Animation The Recipe for a Hurricane Supply of warm, moist air 2. Wind rotation via Coriolis Effect 1. Counterclockwise in N Hemisphere 3. Rotate until maximum speeds are reached (about 119 km/hr+) Stage 1 • Tropical Depression Stage 2 • Tropical Storm Stage 3 • Hurricane Hurricane Formation Animation http://scifiles.larc.nasa.gov/kids/Problem_Board/problems /weather/hurricanebasics.swf What destroys a hurricane? Cold water Movement over land How do measure a hurricane? The effects cont’d Storm Surge Rapid rise in water level due to high winds Most destructive E side of hurricane due to winds Beach erosion Flooding Damage to Roads What can we do to protect ourselves? Evacuation plans Establish public shelters Zoning regulations Disaster supplies on hand Protecting windows Secure loose outdoor items Hurricane Watches and Warnings Hurricane Watch Issued when hurricane expected to arrive within 24-36 hours Hurricane Warning Issued when hurricane expected to arrive in 24 hours or less