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West African Empires The Empire of Ghana 750-1076 Political: •Led by powerful King who ruled over a splendid court •Capital city was Kumbi Saleh •Had a large army of foot soldiers and cavalry – helped to expand kingdom The Empire of Ghana Economic System Commercially based empire. Gold-Salt Trade ► Controlled and secured trade routes. ► ► Also traded in ivory, slaves, horses, cloth, salt. Conversion by emperors to Islam improved diplomatic and economic relations between West Africa and the Islamic World. The Empire of Ghana Achievements ► Influenced by Muslims: ► Military technology Arabic writing Architecture Women had a high status and active role in market place The Mali Empire 1100-1400 Mali Empire Political: Ruled by powerful kings called Mansas. ► Expanded territory and appointed governors to rule areas ► Laws based on Muslim system of justice (The Quran) ► Mansa Musa: Most powerful leader, converted to Islam and made pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) ► Mali Empire ► ► ► ► ► Economic: Controlled Gold Salt Trade: Its wide variety of environments produced a wide variety of goods. The rule of the Mansa (king) created peace and security for merchants to travel and trade freely. As a result, merchants began to establish family firms, with different individuals settling in far-flung parts of the Mali empire to carry on trade. Common items of exchange were kola nuts, butter, textiles and metal goods. Mali Empire Achievements: ► ► ► Developed the city of Timbuktu which became a great trading city and center of Muslim learning. Conversion to Islam and Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca brought world wide attention to West Africa Made the need of a large population and a large army a permanent necessity for states in West Africa. Songhai Empire Political: ► ► ► ► ► Sunni Ali- 1464 gained power and restored order Powerful army used war and force to control region Askia Muhammad- great leader who made pilgrimage to Mecca Organized provinces and created a bureaucracy Developed a code of laws based on Islam Songhai Empire ► ► ► ► ► Economic: Controlled Gold Salt trade Industrious farmers and skilled craftsmen in iron and copper Slave trade developed Merchants became very wealthy and influential Timbuktu remained a major economic and cultural city Djenne Mosque Songhai Empire Achievements: ► ► ► ► Encouraged Muslim Scholars to settle in Timbuktu Timbuktu became a cultural and learning center University of Sankore - study of medicine, grammar, literature Expanded empire with the use of force