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Semester 2
Final Exam Review
Motion and Force Vocab
• Motion – object changes position relative to a
reference point.
• Speed – distance traveled in a period of time.
• Velocity – speed in a direction.
• Acceleration – rate at which velocity changes.
• Negative Acceleration – slowing down
• Force – a push or a pull.
• Friction – force that 2 surfaces exert on each
other when they rub against each other.
Analyze different motion graphs
Analyze different motion graphs
Can you predict?
Force and Motion Examples
Average Speed:
Example:
Speed = distance
time
Speed = 100 miles
3 hours
Speed = 33.33 m/hr
Force and Motion Examples
Velocity:
Velocity = distance
time
Velocity = 100 miles
3 hours
Velocity = 33.33 m/hr south
What effects the force of gravity
between two objects?
Describe different scenario's of
inertia.
What would happen if two object with different
masses are dropped from a height at the same
time?
Force and Motion Examples
Net Force:
Force and Motion Examples
Acceleration Formula: Acceleration = final speed – initial speed
time
Examples: Acceleration = final speed – initial speed
time
Acceleration = 60 m/hr – 25 m/hr
5 hours
Acceleration = 7 m/hr
Note: Can be Negative Acceleration
What does negative acceleration
mean?
The acceleration is
less than the
distance it traveled
during the previous
second.
Mechanical Energy
Mechanical Energy:
Kinetic or potential
energy associated
with the motion or
position or an object.
What is Electrical Energy, Nuclear Energy,
Electromagnetic Energy, Thermal Energy,
and Chemical Energy?
Electrical Energy
Nuclear Energy
Electromagnetic Energy
Chemical Energy
Thermal Energy
What is Conduction, Convection, and
Radiation?
Explain Potential and Kinetic Energy?
*need to know crests and troughs
How are sound waves (mechanical
waves) created?
Sound waves are created when a source of energy causes
a medium to VIBRATE.
Speed of sound depends on the temperature, stiffness,
and density of the medium it travels through.
What are the parts of a wave?
What is Regular Reflection, Diffuse
Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction?
Regular Reflection
Diffuse Reflection
Refraction
Diffraction
What is Constructive and Destructive
Interference and how do they interact?
Constructive Interference
2 waves combine to form
a wave with a larger
amplitude than either
individual wave.
Destructive Interference
2 waves combine to form
a wave with a smaller
amplitude than either
individual wave.
Why does an object appear to be a
certain color?
The object appears to be a certain color because
that color is reflected back to your eye (because of
its wavelength) and all of the other colors are
absorbed into the object.
Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Opaque
Translucent
Transparent
Opaque – Reflects or
Absorbs all of the light
that strikes the object.
Translucent – Scatters
the light that passes
through the object.
Transparent –
Transmits MOST of the
light that passes
through the object.
Identify the pitch and frequency of waves?
Electromagnetic Energy
Electromagnetic Energy: The energy of light and other
forms of radiation, which travels through space as waves.
Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared rays, Visible Light
Ultraviolet Rays, X-rays, Gamma Rays
What is the Doppler Effect?
Energy
Energy – The ability to
do work
Efficiency – the percentage
of energy that is actually
used to perform work.
Energy Transformations
Law of Conservation of Energy
states that energy is neither
created nor destroyed; it simply
changes form.
Note: many times energy is lost due
to friction and/or heat energy.
Energy Transformation: A
change from one form of
energy to another. Ex.
Chemical energy from food
converts to food energy or
calories for our body to
function.
Energy Transformations
Need to Know the Process:
Sources of Energy
Renewable Resources:
Resources that are always available or is
naturally replaced in a short time.
Nonrenewable Resources:
Takes millions of years to make and
cannot be easily replaced in our lifetimes.
Fossil Fuels: Coal, Oil, or Natural Gas that forms over millions of
years from the remains of ancient organisms. Burned to release
energy. *Nonrenewable
Biomass Fuels: Fuel made from living things (ex. seaweed).
Sustainable.
Renewable Sources of Energy
Wind
Solar
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Electric
Nuclear
Pros and Cons of Energy
• Fossil Fuels –
– Pros: Easiest Type of Energy; Advanced
Technology
– Cons: Nonrenewable, Pollution
• Biomass Fuels –
– Pros: Renewable, all over world
– Cons: Expensive in some areas
• Solar Energy –
• Hydroelectric Energy –
– Pros: Renewable, Reliable
– Cons: Location needed by
water, droughts
• Geothermal Energy –
– Pros: Renewable, never run
out
– Cons: Possible negative
effects on Earth’s Crust
– Pros: Renewable, Placed where needed
– Cons: Expensive, No Sun means no
• Nuclear Energy –
energy
– Pros: High Energy
• Wind Energy –
Production
– Pros: Renewable, No Pollution
– Cons: Unstable and
– Cons: Unpredictable
Dangerous
WE KNOW YOU CAN!!!