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Coleoptera (Beetles)
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Description:
Coleoptera (beetles) are the largest order of insects with 40% of the known species. More than a quarter million species are known.
Beetles vary in length from less than 1mm - 125mm. Most beetles have four wings with the front pair thickened and leathery or hard
and brittle. Phtotos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Description:
These front wings usually meet in a straight line down the back and cover the longer membranous hind wings, which are usually folded up.
The front wings normally form a protective sheath and are held motionless during flight which is powered by the hind wings. The
mouthparts are of the chewing type and the mandibles are well developed. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Description:
Beetles are found in almost every type of habitat which is conducive to insects. Habitats include subterranean, aquatic, semi-aquatic,
commissural in nests of social insects or mammals etc.
They feed on all sorts of plant and animal material with many being
phytophagous, predaceous, fungivorous, scavengers while a few are parasitic. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Description:
Some phytophagous species are free feeders on foliage, roots, blossoms and pollen, bore into wood and fruits or live as leaf miners. Many
beetles feed on stored plant products including many types of foods, clothing and other organic materials. Many beetles are beneficial to
humans because they destroy injurious insects and are scavengers. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Coleoptera (Beetles)
Description:
Coccinellidae: This family has a large number of species that are natural enemies. Their antenna is shorter than the antenna of
Chrysomelidae which is a family that have some pest specie. Conccinellidae are more spherical, while Chrysomelidae species has the
body more elongated. Photos: http://www.inta.gov.ar/imyza/info/gal/cycloneda.htm
Diptera (Flies)
Diptera (Flies)
Description:
Diptera (flies) is one of the largest orders of insects. The hind wings are reduced to knob-like structures called halteres hence the
front wings are the most observable feature. The majority of the Diptera are soft bodied and minute but are of great economic importance.
Blood sucking flies (e.g. mosquitoes, stableflies ect.) and scavenging flies (e.g. houseflies) are pests and vector serious diseases to
humans. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Diptera (Flies)
Description:
Some flies are important pest to cultivated plants. On the other hand, many flies are important predators or parasites of various insect
pests, pollinate useful plants or attack noxious weeds. Larval flies have a variety of common names, such as wrigglers and maggots. Fly
larvae have an enormous variety of feeding habits, and individual species often have very precise requirements. Many consume decaying
organic matter, or are predacious, and a large proportion are parasitic on other insects and other organisms. Adult flies are almost
always free-living and fly during the day. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Diptera (Flies)
Description:
The Diptera are commonly known as (true) flies and include many familiar insects such as mosquitoes, black flies, midges, fruit flies, blow
flies and house flies. Flies are generally common and can be found all over the world except Antarctica. Many species are particularly
important as vectors of disease in man, other animals, and plants. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Diptera (Flies)
Description:
The major morphological feature which distinguishes flies from other insects is their reduced hind wings, termed halteres. The
halteres are small, club-like structures that function as balancing organs during flight. Thus adult flies have only one pair of functional
wings. A few flies have lost their wings (and halteres) altogether. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Diptera (Flies)
Description:
Many families of Diptera have predaceous species. Many of these species specialize in particular habitats, but are generalist predators
within a particular habitat. Several families that contain predaceous species are the Asilidae, Empidae, Dolichopodidae, Rhagionidae,
Tabanidae, Tipulidae, Chamaemyiidae, Cecidomyiidae, and Syrphidae. Species in the later three families have been used in biological
control. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Hymenoptera (Bees, wasps)
Hymenoptera (Bees, wasps)
Hymenoptera (Bees, wasps)
Description:
They have four membranous wings. The hind wings are smaller to the front wings and have a row of tiny hooks on the anterior margins
by which it attaches to a fold on the posterior edge of the front wing. The wings contain few veins while some minute forms have no veins
at all. The mouthparts are mandibulate, that is, jaws fitted for chewing, but in some species like bees, this is modified for the uptake liquid
food.
Hymenoptera (Bees, wasps)
Description:
The ovipositor (egg laying apparatus) is generally well developed and may be modified into a sting, hence only females can sting.
Hymenoptera exhibit a great diversity in habitat and complexity of behaviour as is evidenced by the social organization of wasps,
bees and ants. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Hymenoptera (Bees, wasps)
Description:
These Hymenoptera (sawflies, parasitic wasp, ants, bees) is one of the most beneficial orders of insects as it contains many
species which are parasites and predators of insect pest as well as pollinators.
Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Lepidoptera (Butterflies)
Lepidoptera (Butterflies)
Description:
Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) is the order known to most people. It is a large order of insects that includes moths and butterflies
(called lepidopterans). It is also a large orders comprising over 160,000 described species. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Lepidoptera (Butterflies)
Description:
The wings, body and legs are covered with scales. The mouthparts are adapted for sucking and they possess large compound eyes
consisting of a large number of facets. They have considerable economic importance. The larvae, commonly called caterpillars, of most
species are phytophagous and are serious pest of cultivated plants. Very few are predaceous on insects. Photo: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Lepidoptera (Butterflies)
Description:
The Lepidoptera show many variations of the basic body structure which have evolved to gain advantages in lifestyle and distribution.
Recent estimates suggest that the order may have more species, and is among the four largest, most successful orders, along with the
Hymenoptera, Diptera, and the Coleoptera. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Lepidoptera (Butterflies)
Description:
Species of the order Lepidoptera are commonly characterized as being covered in scales, having two large compound eyes, and a
proboscis. Almost all species have membranous wings, except for a few which have cross vein wings. The larvae are called caterpillars
and are completely different in form, having a cylindrical body with a well developed head, mandible mouthparts, and from 0–11 (usually 8)
pairs of legs. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Hemiptera - Heteroptera (True bugs, assassin bug, stink bugs, etc.)
Hemiptera - Heteroptera (True bugs, assassin bug, stink bugs, etc.)
Description:
Small to large sized insects of widely differing shapes and habits, but all with piercing mouthparts adapted for sucking the juices of plants
or animals. The mouthparts form a relatively stout rostrum (often called the 'beak') which is normally held horizontally under the body when
not in use. Antennae often quite long, but generally with few segments and nearly always less than ten. Two pairs of wings are normally
present, but wingless forms are fairly frequent. Wing divided into a hard basal part and a membranous apex. Photos: Yelitza
Colmenarez.
Hemiptera - Heteroptera (True bugs, assassin bug, stink bugs, etc.)
Description:
Hemiptera is an order of insects most often known as the true bugs, comprising around 50,000–80,000 species. The unifying feature is the
unique piercing sucking mouthparts. The fore wings, if present, are very distinctive consisting of a hardened or thickened basal
portion and a membranous apical portion. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Hemiptera - Heteroptera (True bugs, assassin bug, stink bugs, etc.)
Description:
The hind wings are entirely membranous and are slightly shorter than the fore wings. At rest, the wings are held flat over the abdomen
with the membranous apical portions overlapping. Some species transmit plant diseases and are vectors of diseases to warm-blooded
animals including humans. Photos: Yelitza Coromoto.
Hemiptera - Heteroptera (True bugs, assassin bug, stink bugs, etc.)
Description:
Many species of Hemiptera are significant pests of crops and gardens, including many species of aphid and various scale insects,
including the cottony cushion scale, a pest whose infestation of American citrus crops sparked one of the earliest biological pest control
programmes, when the Australian beetle Rodolia cardinalis was introduced as a natural enemy of the scale insect. Photos: Yelitza
Colmenarez.
Hemiptera - Heteroptera (True bugs, assassin bug, stink bugs, etc.)
Description:
Conversely, some predatory hemipterans are themselves biological pest control agents, such as various nabids, and even some
members of families that are primarily phytophagous, such as the genus Geocoris in the family Lygaeidae. Other hemipterans have
positive uses, such as in the production of the dyestuffs cochineal and crimson, or shella. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Hemiptera - Homoptera (Cicadas, mealybugs, aphids, whiteflies etc.)
Hemiptera - Homoptera (Cicadas, mealybugs, aphids, whiteflies etc.)
Description:
The present members of the order Hemiptera were historically placed into two orders, Homoptera and Heteroptera/Hemiptera, based
on the differences in wing structure and the position of the rostrum. These two orders were then combined into the single order
Hemiptera. Photos: Lynette Schimming and http://www.lexic.us/definition-of/Homoptera
Hemiptera - Homoptera (Cicadas, mealybugs, aphids, whiteflies etc.)
Description:
Small to large sized insects of widely differing shapes and habits, but all with piercing mouthparts adapted for sucking the juices of plants
or animals. The mouthparts form a relatively stout rostrum (often called the 'beak') which is normally held horizontally under the body
when not in use. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Hemiptera - Homoptera (Cicadas, mealybugs, aphids, whiteflies etc.)
Description:
When at rest, Homoptera fold the wings roof-wise over the body, whereas Heteroptera fold them flat and slightly overlapping. The legs
of most bugs are unremarkable, except in a few predatory forms which have raptorial front legs for catching prey, rather like those of
Mantids, and in some aquatic forms where the hind legs are somewhat flattened and fringed with hairs for swimming. Photos: Yelitza
Colmenarez.
Hemiptera - Homoptera (Cicadas, mealybugs, aphids, whiteflies etc.)
Description:
Many species are of considerable economic importance as pests, not only by causing direct damage or injury to plants and animals, but
also by transmitting many viral diseases. The vast majority of Hemiptera are quite harmless insects and some of the predatory forms can
be regarded as beneficial when they habitually prey on insect pests. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Hemiptera - Homoptera (Cicadas, mealybugs, aphids, whiteflies etc.)
Description:
Agricultural and Horticultural Crop Pests - these include a wide range of homopteran bugs, such as many of the whiteflies (Aleyrodoidea),
the aphids and their allies (Aphidoidea), the mealybugs and scale insects (Coccoidea), the jumping plant lice (Psylloidea), and some of the
froghoppers or spittlebugs, treehoppers and leafhoppers (Cicadoidea); as well as several heteropteran species, particularly among the
squash bugs (Coreidae), the capsid bugs (Miridae), and the shield bugs or stink-bugs (Pentatomidae).Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez.
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets and katydids)
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets and katydids)
Description:
Orthoptera is an order of insects with paurometabolous or incomplete metamorphosis, including the grasshoppers, crickets and locusts.
Many insects in this order produce sound (known as a "stridulation") by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs, the wings or
legs containing rows of corrugated bumps. Photos: http://www2.pms-lj.si/staff/entomology/us.html and Yelitza Colmenarez.
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets and katydids)
Description:
Orthoptera are mostly plant feeders and some are important pest of crop plants. The Orthoptera may be wingless or may have four wings.
The front wings are usually elongate, many veined, somewhat thickened and are called tegmina. The hind wings are membranous, broad
and multi-veined and at rest they are usually folded fanwise beneath the front wings.
Photos: http://www.infovisual.info/02/photo/Grasshoppers.html
Thysanoptera (Thrips)
Thysanoptera (Thrips)
Description:
Thysanoptera (thrips) are minute, slender bodied insects ranging from 0.5 - 5mm in length. Wings may be present or absent. When fully
developed, the four wings can be long, narrow with no veins and fringed with hairs. Many species are serious pests of cultivated plants. A
few species feed on fungal spores while others may be predaceous on small arthropods and some may bite humans.
Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez and http://blog.insectmuseum.org/?tag=thysanoptera
Dermaptera (Earwigs)
Dermaptera (Earwigs)
Description:
Dermaptera (earwigs) are elongate, slender and somewhat flattened insects with forceps-like cerci at the posterior end of the abdomen.
Adults may be wingless or have one or two pairs of wings. They feed mainly on dead and decaying vegetation. Some feed on living plants
while others are predaceous. Photos: Yelitza Colmenarez and http://blog.insectmuseum.org/?tag=thysanoptera