Download THE MIGRATION TO AMERICA

THE SPANISH AND FRENCH
BUILD EMPIRES.
Ch. 2 Sec. 1
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO
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In 1511, Spanish troops led by Diego Velazquez
conquered Cuba.
Six years later smallpox decimated the Native
population which left the Spanish with no workers for
manual labor.
Velazquez sent Cortez to the Yucatan Peninsula to
look for new people to force to work for the Spanish.
In 1519, Cortez set sail for Mexico with 11 ships, 550
men, and 16 horses.
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO
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When Cortez arrived in Mexico, he came into
contact with a shipwrecked sailor named Jeronimo
de Aguilar.
Aguilar acted as a translator to the Natives in
Mexico.
Cortez’ efforts to communicate with these “new
people” were unsuccessful, and Cortez was
attacked by warriors from a nearby city.
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO
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The Spanish had the advantage of superior
technology (swords, crossbows, guns and cannons).
The attacking warriors soon gave up after Cortez
had killed over 200 of their men.
The group of warriors asked for peace and offered
Cortez twenty of their women in return. Cortez
accepted the offer.
Cortez and his men then moved up the coast of the
Yucatan and encountered another group of people.
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO
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One of the twenty Native women that were offered
up to Cortez was able to act as translator (her
name was Malinche).
Cortez was impressed with Malinche, so he
baptized her and gave her the name Dona Marina.
She became on of Cortez’ closest advisors.
Eventually, Cortez learned that the people who
ruled the Yucatan were the fabled Aztecs.
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO
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Cortez marched inland in order to come into contact
with the Aztecs and their leader Montezuma.
The Aztec chief, Montezuma, thought that Cortez
was the Aztec god Quetzacoatl and was hesitant to
cause him any harm.
Because Montezuma was afraid of angering
Quetzacoatl, he offered to pay tribute to Cortez.
He also sacrificed many of his captives and sent
their blood to Cortez to drink.
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO
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This horrified Cortez and he ordered his Spanish
troops to attack Montezuma and the Aztecs.
Cortez killed over 6000 people in this attack as he
marched towards the Aztec capital Tencochitlan.
Once Cortez got to Tenochitlan, his troops got
surrounded by Aztec warriors.
Cortez takes Montezuma hostage in order to save
himself and his troops and uses Montezuma as
leverage.
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO
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Enraged at their loss of power, Aztec priest
organized a rebellion in the spring of 1520.
The Aztec priest were successful at pushing Cortez
and this troops out of the Aztec capital on the night
known as Noche Triste.
Cortez is still determine to take Technochitlan and
devised a plan to attack it by sea.
At the same time the Aztecs were hit hard by small
pox and were severely weakened.
THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO
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Cortez used this to his advantage and easily went
back into the city, attacking it by sea, and defeated
the Aztecs in August of 1521.
The Aztec people were decimated by disease.
Cortez enslaved the people that were left and
eventually the Aztec people died out of existence.
NEW SPAIN EXPANDS
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Cortez re-built the old Aztec capital and named it
Mexico.
Mexico became the capital of the new Spanish
colony of New Spain.
Cortez sent many expeditions to conquer the rest of
New Spain.
The men that he sent on this expeditions were known
as conquistadors.
NEW SPAIN EXPANDS
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While Cortez was in central America, a Spanish
captain named Francisco Pizarro was exploring
South America.
In 1526, Pizarro landed in Peru and encountered
the Inca empire.
With the king’s permission, Pizarro returned to Peru
in 1531 in order to conquer the Incas.
Pizarro marched his troops through Peru to the town
of Cajamarca in search of the tribal chief
Atahualpa.
NEW SPAIN EXPANDS
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Atahualpa was summoned to Cajamarca by his
brother where Pizarro was waiting with over 6000
troops.
Catholic priest presented Atahualpa with a Bible
and he threw it to he ground.
This enraged Pizarro and he ordered his troops to
attack the Incas and took Atahualpa prisoner.
Eventually Pizarro killed Atahualpa and wiped the
entire Incan civilzation.
SEARCHING FOR CITIES OF GOLD
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Pizarro’s success in Peru fueled rumors that there
was great wealth in the Americas.
Panfilio Navarez searched northern Florida for the
fabled City of Gold.
He never found the City of Gold, almost lost his life
and he and his men had to float on rafts along the
of the Americas and eventually landed in modern
day Texas.
THE ANASAZI
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Lived in the Four Corners area of the United States
(Arizona, Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico).
Anasazi was the name given this group by the
Navajo Indians.
The Anasazi became well known is the Chaco
Canyon (northwest New Mexico) where they
constructed large multi-story buildings made out of
adobe.
THE ANASAZI
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Early Spanish explorers called these elaborate
building pueblos.
Beginning in 1130 A.D. the a devastating drought
that lasted over 50 years in Chaco Canyon which
caused the Anasazi to abandoned their pueblos.
Drought, along with epidemic, caused the Anasazi
civilization to collapse.
THE ADENA AND THE HOPEWELL
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The Adena and the Hopewell developed in
America’s eastern woodland region.
The Adena and the Hopewell developed
woodworking tools such as stone axes, gouges, and
nets to snare birds.
The Adena and the Hopewell were the first to
actually “bury” their dead.
For unknown reasons, the Adena and the Hopewell
began to decline around 400 A.D.
THE MISSISSIPPI CULTURE
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Developed in the Mississippi River Valley.
Capital city was Cahokia where the main crops
were maize and beans.
The Mississippi Culture built pyramids with flat tops.
The largest was called Monks Mound which was
larger than any pyramid in Egypt.
The Mississippi Culture built three large cities in
present-day Spiro, Oklahoma, Moundville,
Alabama, and Etowah, Georgia.
THE MISSISSIPPI CULTURE
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Cohokia collapsed around 1300 A.D. because it
was attacked by other Native American groups.
Even though Cohokia collapsed, much of its culture
survived until European colonization, and some of its
cultural traits still exist today.
THE END