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Chapter 8 Study Guide
Water on Earth
 Vocabulary:
1. ________ convection current
A. a large body of air with similar
properties all through it
2. ________ air mass
B. a tool used to measure how much
rain has fallen
3. ________ anemometer
C. a boundary between two air masses
4. ________ climate
D. a tool used to measure air pressure
5. ________ front
E. when solids, liquids, or gases rise and sink
in a looping path
6. ________ barometer
F. the average of weather conditions over a
a long time
7. ________ rain gauge
G. a tool used to measure wind speed
 Fill-in the blanks:
1. __________ __________ decreases when you move from troposphere to the
stratosphere.
2. Rising ___________ __________ causes precipitation at fronts.
3. A column of wind lifted up on one end by upward winds and pressed down on
the other end by downward winds describes a _______________.
4. The H on a weather map represents an area of ________________
______________.
5. The Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift currents affect the weather in Europe
by causing the temperatures to be _______________ than they would be
otherwise.
6. Convection currents form when air temperatures are ________________.
7. Winds generally blow from _______________ to _______________ over the
United States due to a huge convection current over the North American
continent and the rotation of Earth.
8. A severe storm warning means that severe storms have _______________
_______________.
9. _______________ get their energy from warm ocean waters.
10. A forecaster determining the climate of an area would find the ______________
_______________ precipitation helpful.
11. The weather instrument used to measure wind speed is the _______________.
12. A scientist studying climates finds a fossil of a fish in the desert, from the fossil
the scientist may learn that the desert probably had a ______________ climate
at one time.
 Facts to Know:
 When air has different temperatures, convection currents form. The cool air,
which is heavier than warm air, will sink and the warm air will rise. Wind occurs
as air moves from an area of high air pressure to an area of low air pressure.
 To prepare for a hurricane, you should board up your windows, store food and
water, have flashlights and battery-powered radios available, and store valuables
in containers off the ground. During a hurricane, people should stay inside or
move inland.
 Maritime polar air masses form in the ocean near the poles. These air masses are
cold and moist. Continental polar air masses form over land near the poles.
These air masses are cold and fairly dry. Maritime tropical air masses form over
tropical oceans or rainforests. These air masses get warm and very humid.
Continental tropical air masses form over large hot deserts. These air masses are
warm and fairly dry.