Download section b: written 60 marks

UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND, JOHANNESBURG
SCHOOL OF ANATOMICAL SCIENCES
BDSIII: REGIONAL ANATOMY FOR DENTAL STUDENTS: ANAT 3020
EXAMINATION: 12 JUNE 2008
TIME ALLOWED: 150 min
TOTAL MARKS: 120
INSTRUCTIONS:
1.
Answer ALL questions.
2.
Write your Anatomy number on each answer book/MCQ sheet
3.
SECTION A: MCQ’S: 60 MARKS
i.
Write your name, the degree for which you are registered, your student
number, and anatomy test number on the “Faculty of Health Sciences”
side of the computer sheet.
ii.
On the “circles” side of the computer sheet in the block headed “student
number” write your student number. Fill in the circles with a soft pencil.
iii.
MARK BOTH THE CORRECT AND THE INCORRECT STATEMENTS
on the computer sheet. Leave the circle(s) blank if you do not know the
answer- marks will be deducted from statements incorrectly answered.
iv.
DO NOT use CORRECTION FLUID on your MCQ sheet. You may use an
eraser with care.
v.
DO NOT fold or bend the computer card.
vi.
The computer sheet MUST be filled in during the examination time. NO
TIME WILL BE ALLOWED after the examination for filling in the sheet.
SECTION B: WRITTEN ANSWER QUESTIONS: 60 MARKS
4.
Answer questions 1-8 in the PINK book and question 9-10 in the WHITE
book.
5.
Relevant and correctly LABELLED diagrams may be used to ENHANCE
your answers.
6.
Only scripts written in BLUE or BLACK ink will be marked.
7.
Pencil may be used ONLY for drawings. Labels MUST be in pen
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BDSIII: REGIONAL ANATOMY FOR DENTAL STUDENTS
SECTION A: MCQ
60 MARKS
1) With regard to the extraocular muscles:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2)
The abducent nerve supplies the lateral and medial rectus muscles.
The trochlear nerve supplies the superior oblique muscle.
The occulomotor nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle.
The levator palpebrae superioris elevates the superior eyelid.
The superior oblique muscle adducts and medially rotates the eyeball.
Regarding the superficial arteries of the face and scalp:
a. The facial artery originates from the external carotid artery.
b. The superior and inferior labial arteries originate from the facial artery.
c. The transverse facial artery originates from the superficial temporal artery
within the parotid gland.
d. Mental artery is a branch of the superior alveolar artery.
e. The angular artery, a terminal branch of facial artery, passes to the medial
angle of the eye.
3)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The following are cutaneous nerves derived from the opthalmic
nerve:
Supra-orbital nerve
Infra-orbital nerve
Supratrochlear nerve
Infratrochlear nerve
External nasal nerve
The contents of the infratemporal fossa are:
the inferior part of the temporalis muscle
the lateral pterygoid muscles
the maxillary artery
the pterygoid plexus
the mandibular nerve
2
5)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
7)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
8)
The superior attachment of the investing layer of the deep cervical
fascia are:
the superior nuchal line of occipital bone
the styloid process of the temporal bone
the zygomatic arch
the angle of the mandible
the hyoid bone
The infrahyoid muscles are:
Sternohyoid muscle
Geniohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid muscle
Omohyoid muscle
Thyrohyoid muscle
The thyroid gland
lies deep to the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles.
is located at the level of 2nd to 4th cervical vertebrae.
consists primarily of right and left lobes with an isthmus uniting the lobes.
is supplied by the superior and inferior thyroid arteries.
is innervated by vagus nerve.
The larynx
a. contains paired laryngeal cartilages namely; arytenoids, corniculate and
cuneiform cartilages .
b. has a thyrohyoid membrane connecting the superior border of the thyroid
cartilage to the hyoid bone.
c. has a thyroepiglottic ligament attaching the stalk of the epiglottic cartilage to
the angle of the thyroid laminae.
d. has a thyroarytenoid muscle that abducts the vocal folds.
e. the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is innervated by the external laryngeal
nerve.
9)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The paranasal air sinuses are:
Frontal sinus
Ethmoidal sinus
Sphenoidal sinus
Maxillary sinus
Cavernous Sinus
3
10)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
11)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
12)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13)
The contents of the middle ear are the:
auditory ossicles
stapedius muscle
levator veli palatini muscle
chorda tympani nerve
tympanic plexus of nerves
The right coronary artery typically supplies
the right atrium of the heart.
most of the right ventricle.
the diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle.
the anterior two thirds (2/3) of the interventricular septum.
the left atrium of the heart.
The left coronary artery
divides into the anterior interventricular and the left circumflex arteries.
arises from the left aortic sinus of the ascending aorta.
supplies the A-V node.
supplies the posterior third (1/3) of the interventricular septum.
supplies most of the left ventricle.
With regards to the muscles of the neck:
a. The platysma muscle is supplied by the accessory nerve.
b. The stylohyoid muscle is supplied by the facial nerve.
c. The sternohyoid muscle is supplied by ansa cervicalis.
d. The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is supplied by the
facial nerve.
e. The mylohyoid muscle is supplied by the facial nerve.
14)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The inferior mediastinum
is subdivided into anterior, middle and posterior parts.
is situated between the sternal angle and diaphragm.
in its anterior part, is occupied by the heart.
is located between the vertebral levels of T4/5 and T12.
contains the thoracic duct on the left of the thoracic aorta.
4
15)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
16)
The superior mediastinum contains:
The thymus
The brachiocephalic veins posterior to the arch of the aorta
The left recurrent laryngeal nerve
The thoracic duct
The trachea
Facial nerve
a.
b.
c.
d.
has a motor and a sensory root.
emerges through foramen ovale.
runs through the parotid gland giving rise to its terminal branches.
gives off the posterior auricular nerve, supplying the auricularis
posterior muscle.
e. provides motor innervation to all the muscles of facial expression
except platysma.
17)
The temporomandibular joint:
a. is a synovial ball-and-socket joint.
b. has a lateral ligament which limits posterior movement.
c. has two separate synovial compartments.
d. is subdivided into superior and inferior compartments by the
articular disc.
e. is most stable in the resting position of the mandible.
18)
Regarding the extrinsic muscles of the tongue:
a. All extrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by the
hypoglossal nerve.
b. The hyoglossus muscle depresses the tongue.
c. The palatoglossus muscle depresses the tongue.
d. The genioglossus muscle elevates the tongue.
e. The styloglossus muscle elevates the tongue.
19)
The following structures pass through the gap between the
superior constrictor muscle and the base of the skull:
a. Levator veli palatine muscle
b. Glossopharyngeal nerve
c. Pharyngotympanic tube
d. Reccurent laryngeal nerve
e. Ascending palatine artery
5
20)
With regards to diaphragm:
a. The aortic opening is at the level of the tenth (10th) thoracic
vertebra.
b. The left phrenic nerve passes through aortic opening.
c. The oesophageal opening is at the level of the eight (8th) thoracic
vertebra.
d. The left and right vagus trunks pass through oesophageal opening.
e. The vagus nerve innervates diaphragm.
21)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
22)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
23)
Regarding serous cells in human salivary glands:
Secrete polysaccharides
Are pyramidal in shape when viewed under the light microscope.
Have microvilli situated on the lateral membranes
Have canaliculi between adjacent cells
The apex of the cell is joined laterally by a junctional complex
Regarding salivary glands.
Minor salivary glands are located in the gingiva
Primary saliva is hypotonic when compared to plasma
Potassium ions are removed from saliva in the striated ducts
Striated ducts are lined with two layers of cuboidal cells
Ducts of the major salivary glands are branched
Endochondral ossification:
a. Starts with the condensation of mesenchymal cells
b. Has a zone of maturation where the chondrocytes have
accumulated glycogen and are vacuolated
c. Have both primary and secondary ossification centres
d. Is responsible for the formation of cranial flat bones
e. Starts with the formation of a bony collar by intramembranous
ossification
24)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The organic matrix of enamel consists of:
Hydroxyapatite crystals
Ground substance and collagen
Amelogenin proteins
Ground substance
Enamel proteins and ground substance
6
25)
The lining mucosa of the oral cavity:
a. Has Rete pegs and intergrating dermal papillae
b. Lines the hard palate
c. Is composed of stratum basale, stratum spinosum,
stratum granulosum and stratum corneum
d. Consists of minor salivary glands
e. Consists of a muscularis mucosa layer between the lamina propria
and submucosa
26)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
27)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
28)
Dentin:
Mineralizes by means of matrix vesicles
Has a high rate of repair
Is vascular
Has a series of dark bands known as lines of Von Ebner
Is produced by ectomesenchyme
Enamel:
Has mineralization matrix vesicles
Has high rate of repair
Is avascular
Has a series of dark bands known as striae of Retzius
Is produced by odontoblasts
Filliform papillae:
a. Cover the entire body of the tongue
b. Are covered on the superior surface by an orthokeratinized
epithelium
c. Are involved in compressing and breaking of food
d. Result in “hairy tongue” when they are elongated
e. Are lined by a deep circular groove
29)
With regard to the embryonic development of the pharyngeal
arches:
a. The skeletal elements are derived from ectomesenchyme (neural
crest cells)
b. Smooth muscle forms the adult muscular derivatives
c. The pretympanic nerve is a sensory nerve
d. The sixth arch will degenerate
e. The pretympanic nerve is a motor nerve
7
30)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Development of the mandible:
Occurs medial to Meckel’s cartilage
Begins at the 9th week of intra-uterine life
Occurs by endochondral and intramembranous ossification
Occurs from a primary ossification centre in each half of the mandible
Begins at the 8th week of intra-uterine life
8
BDSIII: REGIONAL ANATOMY FOR DENTAL STUDENTS
SECTION B: WRITTEN
60 MARKS
QUESTION 1
1. Draw a well-labelled diagram illustrating the bony components of the
orbit.
(8)
[8 MARKS]
QUESTION 2
2. List the branches of each part of the Maxillary artery.
(9)
[9 MARKS]
QUESTION 3
3. Describe the anatomy of the posterior triangle of the neck.
(6)
[6 MARKS]
QUESTION 4
4. Describe the innervation of the parotid gland.
(4)
[4 MARKS]
QUESTION 5
5. Describe the lymph drainage of the tongue.
(4.5)
[4.5 MARKS]
QUESTION 6
6. Describe the innervation of the lungs and the effect of each on lung
function.
(4)
[4 MARKS]
QUESTION 7
7. Describe the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa under the
following headings:
a. origin
b. course
c. distribution
(4.5)
[4.5 MARKS]
9
QUESTION 8
8.1Write notes on the histology of the three specialized oral epithelial cells
(Melanocytes, Merkel and Langerhan’s cells).
(10)
8.2 Write notes on the histological structure of the soft palate.
(6)
[16 MARKS]
QUESTION 9
9. Discuss shelf elevation during palate development and its implications in
abnormalities of the palate.
(4)
[4 MARKS]
10