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Aim: What were the political,
economic, and social
achievements of the Tang and
Song Dynasties?
唐
宋
Do Now: List some of the achievements of China
that we went over.
REVIEW: VOCAB.
• The
Dynastic Cycle: the rise and fall
of dynasties
• Mandate
of Heaven: a ruler’s divine
right to rule
REVIEW
•
Some important figures are:
- Shi Huangdi: first emperor of China; considered a
harsh ruler; led China on their classical age in 221
B.C
- Confucius: famous philosopher who was known
for his teaching
- Laozi: founded Daoism
- Han Feizi: founder of legalism
REVIEW
•
Han Dynasty (202 B.C – 220 A.D)
- Emperor Wudi (141 B.C – 87 B.C)
•
Achievements:
- Acupuncture
- Chemistry
- Jade & Ivory Carvings
- Civil Service Exam
- Silk Road
VOCABULARY
•
Usurp- take illegally or by force
•
Tributary State- one of the two main ways in which a premodern state might be subordinate to a more powerful state.
•
Land Reform- involves the changing of laws, regulations or customs
regarding land ownership.
•
Gentry- wealthy landowning class
•
Pagoda- a multistoried temple with eaves that curve up at the corner.
Tang Dynasty (618–907 A.D.)
•
Came after the Sui dynasty collapsed
•
Li Yuan (566-635 AD)
-first Tang emperor
- was a general under the Sui dynasty
- was urged into leading a revolt by his 16-year-old son
- established the Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty (618–907 A.D.)

Government and the Economy
•
Tang rulers conquered territories deep into Central Asia
•
Chinese armies forced the lands of Vietnam, Tibet, and Korea to become
tributary states
•
Students from Korea and Japan traveled to the Tang capital to learn about
Chinese government, law, and arts.
•
The Han system of government was restored. The Tang Dynasty rebuilt
bureaucracy and enlarged the civil service system
•
Recruited talented officials trained in Confucian philosophy
•
Schools were set up to prepare male students for the exams
•
Developed a flexible new law code
Tang Dynasty (618–907 A.D.)

•
Government and the Economy
Tang emperors created a system of land reform
- Large agriculture holdings were broken up and given to peasants.
- This strengthened the central government by taking away power of
large land owners.
- Increased government revenues
•
A system of canals encouraged international trade and transportation
- The Grand Canal linked the Huang He to the Yangzi River.
- This meant that food grown in the south could be shipped to the
capital in the north
- At this time, the Grand Canal was the longest waterway ever dug by
human labor
Tang Dynasty (618–907 A.D.)

Decline
•
Later Tang emperors lost territory in Central Asia to the Arabs
•
Some causes of the decline of this dynasty were:
- Corruption
- High taxation
- Drought
- Famine
- Rebellion
•
In 907, a rebel general overthrew the last Tang emperor.
Song Dynasty (960-1279)
•
Rose 54 years after the Tang Dynasty
•
In 960, a scholarly general reunited Chine and founded
the Song Dynasty
•
Ruled 319 years, more than the Tang Dynasty
•
Owned less territory than the Tang Dynasty
•
Faced constant threat of invasions from the north
•
Under the song, Chinese wealth and culture was
dominant
•
Went from Northern Song to Southern Song
Northern Song (960-1127)
•
Smaller than the Tang Dynasty
•
Did not control an area of Central Asia
•
The early Northern Song dynasty witnessed the flowering of one of
the supreme artistic expressions of Chinese civilization: monumental
landscape painting.
•
During the Northern Song time period, the capital was located at
Bianliang (modern Kaifeng)
Northern Song
•
In 960 a military general of the Latter Zhou Dynasty(951-960) named Zhao
Kuangyin led a mutiny against the empire
•
He forced the emperor to yield the throne to him and establish the Northern
Song in Kaifeng
•
Zhao Kuangyin became Emperor Taizu the first emperor of the Song
Dynasty.
•
In the first two decades of his reign he ended the chaos in China and unified
most of the territory.
Northern Song
Government
and Economy
•
Emperor Taizu removed military power from the hands of military governors
and under the control of the emperor
•
Centralized state power
•
Due to literacy being viewed as more important in China than the military,
a class of civil officials, including some famous poets were appointed in the
court.
•
During the reign of Emperor Zhongyan, the economic and social
development reached it’s height.
Northern Song
Science,
Art and Culture
•
To some extent the development of science , culture, and art during this
period was as advanced as that of the Tang Dynasty(618-907)
•
The world’s earliest typography was invented in this period by a man named
Bi Sheng
•
Gunpowder was first used for military purposes
•
New expressive style of literature, the ‘ci’ poem, became a gem of ancient
Chinese culture alongside Tang poetry
•
New artistic level in the Northern Song Dynasty with the creation of
monumental landscape painting
Northern Song
Decline
•
Political corruption, numerous civilian uprisings, and invasions from
external tribes forced the Northern Song Dynasty to decline
•
In 1125 the Northern Song was invaded by the army of the Jin
Dynasty(1115-1234)
•
Northern Song had weak military strength and incompetent rulers who tried
to make peace by killing loyal officials
•
In 1127 Jin army captured the capital, thus ending the Northern Song
Dynasty
Southern Song (1127-1279)
•
After the end of the Northern Song the Jin army captured the members of
the imperial family except Zhao Gou, the younger brother of the last
emperor
•
The Jin dynasty placed a puppet ruler but because of resentment he yielded
the throne to Zhao Gou
•
Due to constant attack from the Jin Dynasty the new emperor had to flee to
Lin’an(currently Hangzhou)
•
In 1131 Lin’an was established as the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty
with Zhao Gou as it’s first emperor, Emperor Gaozong
Southern Song
War
Affairs
•
From it’s establishment to it’s downfall, the Southern Song never completely
extracted itself from the constant battles with the Jin Dynasty and the
Mongolian kingdom
•
To some extent the policy of viewing literacy as more important than
military influenced the Southern Song’s rulers
•
This is why the Southern Song Dynasty is considered to be the most weakest
dynasty in China’s history
Decline
•
In 1276 the Southern Song was invaded by the Mongolian Kingdom. The
Mongolians took the capital, ending the Southern Song Dynasty
Foot Binding: What is it?
•
Foot binding began in the late Tang Dynasty and began to spread to the upper
classes until the Song Dynasty.
•
Foot binding became popular as a method of displaying status and social class,
since women from wealthy families who did not need them to work could afford
to have their feet bound, and was adopted as a symbol of beauty in Chinese
culture.
•
Girls born in noble families had their feet disfigured- arches broken, cartilage
deformed, immobilized. The purpose of this practice was to create tiny feet. This
process was clearly a painful one, and could have negative affects on a person.
Having crippled feet would cause problems in walking, and the process was
irreversible
A small foot on a woman is a beautiful
woman,” says Chinese tradition.
“
VIDEO: Questions
Discovering of China: Song Dynasty
1.) What were some positive affects of the change
from Northern to Southern Song?
2.) What inventions originated in the Song
Dynasty?
3.) Who was stronger militarily, Tang or Song?
Exit Slip
• Do
the Tang and Song Dynasties
deserve to be called Golden Ages?