Download Structures Of an Atom

Structures Of An
Atom
Group 2-Kailey Sawvell, Laketon
McLaughlin, Bailey Hapney, Nathan
Patterson, Autumn, Schulz, Curtis
Brokaw, Cody Harris, Bailey Lytle, and
Ryder Wilson.
3 Basic Particles
Most atoms are made up of 3 basic particles, they are:
1. Protons- Positive electrical charge
2. Electrons- Negative electrical charge
3. Neutrons- No electrical charge
• The three main subatomic particles are distinguished
by mass, charge, and location in the atom. Protons and
Neutrons are almost identical in size and mass. The
mass of an electron is much smaller than that of a
proton or neutron.
• Each element has its own unique number of
protons.
• A Hydrogen Atom has one proton, but a
helium atom has two protons. Lithium has
three protons.
• As you move your way through the Periodic
Table, this pattern continues.​
Atomic Number and Mass Number
• An atomic number is also known as the proton
number. The mass number is also known as the
nucleus number.
• The number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom determines an element's atomic number.
• So if it contains 36 electrons it
contains 36 protons. The atomic
weight is actually a weighted
average of all of the naturally
occurring isotopes of an element
relative to the mass of carbon-12.
Calculating Number of Neutrons
• Neutrons are uncharged particles found within atomic nuclei.
They were discovered by James Chadwick in 1932. Neutrons
are made from one up quark and two down quarks.
• The number of neutrons in an element varies. If two atoms of
the same element have different numbers of neutrons then
they are isotopes.
• To figure out how many neutrons are in the nucleus, you have
to know the mass number. You find all this information on the
periodic table of elements.
Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number
• You have to round the atomic mass to the nearest whole
number and subtract the number of protons from the mass.
• The number you get is the number of neutrons in an atom
Isotopes
• Medical Isotopes
• Helps to treat Acute myelogenous leukemia, AIDS & others, Breast cancer,
Bone cancer pain, Children's cancer, Colon cancer, Degenerative joint
diseases, Endocrine cancer, Heart disease, Hodgkin's disease, Immune
disorders, Meningitis, Non-Hodgkin’s b-cell lymphoma, Non-small cell lung
cancer, Ovarian cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Prostate cancer, Rheumatoid
arthritis.
• A medical isotope is a very small quantity of
radioactive substance used in safe, cost-effective
imaging and treatment of disease.
• New technologies enable medical isotopes to be
delivered directly to the site of diseased cells.
• This is different from external beam radiation
treatment where radiation is directed from
outside of the body.
Amu
• An amu is a very small unit of mass used to
describe the mass of molecules and atoms.
• Amu it is defined as one-twelfth of the mass of a
single atom of the isotope carbon 12.
• The atomic mass values given in the periodic
table are average atomic masses. They are
calculated using the exact masses and natural
abundances of the stable isotopes of an element.
• Weighted Averages
• Average atomic masses are
computed using a method called
weighted averages. Weighted
averages are used when the
importance of the numbers to be
averaged are different.
• Average Atomic Masses
• Average atomic masses are
calculated in just the same way. Each
isotope’s exact mass is multiplied by
the decimal equivalent of its percent
abundance and all the results are
added together.
Average Atomic Mass
• Average atomic mass - is the weighted average
of the atomic masses of the naturally
occurring.
• Percent of isotope that exist in nature
(decimal form) x mass of isotope + Percent of
next isotope x its atomic mass = average
atomic mass
• The calculation of the average is a WEIGHTED
AVERAGE.
Nuclear Medicine
• What is Nuclear Medicine?
• Nuclear medicine is a
medical specialty that uses
small amounts of radioactive
materials, known as
radiopharmaceuticals, for
diagnostic, therapeutic, and
research purposes
• It is something like taking an X-ray from the inside-out.
Some responsibilities for nuclear medical technologists
are– Prepare and administer radiopharmaceuticals
– Work directly with patients throughout the procedure
– Work with sophisticated instrumentation and computers to
generate digital images
– Evaluate new procedures
Mole- Avogadro's Number
•
•
Avogadro's number
Avogadro's number is named after the nineteenth century Italian scienctist
Amedeo Avogadro. Avogadro's hypothesis was all volumes of all gases at the same
temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. Avogadro's
number is 6.022137 × 10 to the 23rd power, usually designated by NA.
•
•
Mole
Mole is the SI measure for atoms, molecules, formula units, electrons, or photons.
One mole of anything is just Avogadro's number of that anything. So for example:
The mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many
elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12.
• Molar volume depends on the density of a substance and, like density,
varies with temperature owing to thermal expansion, and also with the
pressure.
• For solids and liquids, these variables ordinarily have little practical effect,
so the values quoted for 1 atm pressure and 25°C are generally useful over
a fairly wide range of conditions.
Molar Mass & Mole/gram Conversions
• The molar mass is the mass of one mole. The units are usually
grams per mole. The molar mass is sometimes called the
molecular weight.
•
It is the easiest to understand because a molecule has atoms
that are stuck together, stay together, and act as one unit.
• To determine the molar mass find the individual molar masses
of the atoms of the substances from a periodic chart and then
add them together.
• Molecular mass = the sum of the atomic
masses of each atom in the molecule
example.
• Molecular mass H2O = 2(1.00794) + 15.9994 =
18.0153
Structures Of an Atom
• Those where the structures of an Atom.
• Thank you.
• Group 2-Kailey Sawvell, Laketon M, Bailey
Hapney, Nathan Patterson, Autumn, Schulz,
Curtis Brokaw, Cody Harris, Bailey Lytle, and
Ryder Wilson