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RESOURCE GUIDE for the BIOSCIENCE INDUSTRY In Partnership With: Published April 2011. Tech Collective. All Rights Reserved. 2 Tech Collective is the Rhode Island Industry Association for Bioscience and Information Technology. Our initiatives focus on raising industry awareness, workforce development, and community building. In alignment with our mission, we are pleased to provide the Staff at the netWORKri Career Centers with this Bioscience Resource Guide to offer insight into Rhode Island’s growing Bioscience industry as well as to assist you in meeting the needs of employers and clients. This document provides an industry overview, glossary of terms, salary projections, and career information. It uses careful research and analysis from reviews, reports, interviews, forums, dialog sessions, and surveys to further identify and detail the opportunities and challenges of Rhode Island’s Bioscience industry. Tech Collective gratefully acknowledges the Governor’s Workforce Board of Rhode Island and its Industry Partnership program for providing the resources to make this publication possible. www.rihric.com www.tech-collective.org 3 4 Table of Contents Bioscience Industry Overview 7-8 Bioscience Industry Highlights 9 Bioscience Skill Sets 10 LMI Data & SOCs 11 Bioscience Occupations & Wages at the Entry Level 12 Bioscience Careers 13 Additional Information & Resources 14 Glossary of Bioscience Terms 15-21 Appendixes I – Rhode Island Bioscience Industry Wage Map 23 II – Bioscience Education & Training Programs 24-25 III – Rhode Island Bioscience Employers 26-27 Executive Summary: Report of the Rhode Island Bioscience Industry Skills Gap Task Force 28 5 6 Bioscience Industry Overview The Bioscience industry is one of the most earnestly growing sectors in both the Rhode Island and national economies. According to the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO), the Rhode Island Bioscience industry currently employs nearly 5,000 people and generates an estimated revenue of $526M (direct and “multiplier effect.”) As such, the Bioscience industry and our ability to provide a high-quality workforce are vital to the prosperity of Rhode Island’s people, industries, economy, and future. Definition For the purpose of consistency, the following definition has been selected from: Technology, Talent and Capital: State Bioscience Initiatives 2008, a report published by BIO, the world’s largest biotechnology organization: (Note: bullets not italicized below have been added by Tech Collective.) The biosciences are a diverse group of industries and activities with a common link—they apply knowledge of the way in which plants, animals and humans function. The sector spans different markets and includes manufacturing, services and research activities. By definition, the biosciences are a unique industry cluster and are constantly changing to incorporate the latest research and scientific discoveries. The bioscience industry sector is defined as including the following four subsectors: Agricultural Feedstock & Chemicals Applies life science knowledge, biochemistry, and biotechnologies to the processing of agriculture goods, production of organic and agricultural chemicals, and production of biofuels. Examples: fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, corn and soybean oil, ethanol and biodiesel fuels, biodegradable materials synthesized from plantbased feedstock Local Companies: Newport Biodiesel Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Produce commercial medicinal and diagnostic substances. Mostly large multinational companies which do research and development and manufacturing. Examples: vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, tissue and cell culture media, dermatologic/topical treatments, diagnostic substances Local Companies: Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Rhodes Technologies Medical Devices & Equipment Produce biomedical instruments, healthcare products, and supplies for diagnostics, surgery, patient care and laboratories. Examples: bio-imaging equipment, surgical supplies and instruments, prosthetic implants 7 Local Companies: Biomedical Structures, Davol/Bard, Isis Biopolymer, Neurotech USA Research, Testing & Medical Laboratories Includes highly research-oriented companies developing new drug discovery/delivery systems and gene/cell therapies; and service-oriented companies that do medical and other life science testing services. Examples: preclinical drug development, drug delivery systems, diagnostic imaging and testing, stem cell/regenerative research, and research/laboratory support services Local Companies: Dominion Diagnostics, EpiVax, Inc. Industry Fields Due the specialized nature of the industry, within each of the four subsectors above are additional areas of focus, or industry fields. For Rhode Island specifically, they include: Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Biotextiles Bioprocess Design and Assembly Medical Device Design and Manufacturing Diagnostics Biomedical Research and Design Within each of these industry fields, as with any other industry or business, are specific occupations and roles, such as technical, manufacturing, administrative, or managerial. 8 Bioscience Industry Highlights The largest bioscience subsectors in Rhode Island include Drugs & Pharmaceuticals (1,884), Medical Devices & Equipment (1,505) and Research, Testing and Medical Laboratories (1,565). However, all of Rhode Island’s bioscience sectors play a prominent role in the state economy: The Bioscience industry is a major employer in Rhode Island: It employs nearly 5,000 people. The biomanufacturing sector is the largest sector in the state and is as large as its shipbuilding industry. In Rhode Island, bioscience workers are well compensated at an average salary of $64,785 annually, earning 67% more than the average state Private Sector salary of $38,732 (BIO/Battelle Bioscience ’08.) When the Bioscience and Healthcare industries are combined, Rhode Island is home to 1,400 life sciences businesses employing more than 35,000 people (www.riedc.com). Nationwide, “professional and related occupations [in the Biotechnology industry] account for 59 percent of all jobs,” according to the US Department of Labor (USDOL). The Bioscience industry is a significant driver of Rhode Island’s economy: The sector is responsible for direct wages of at least $270M and potential “multiplier effect wages” of an additional $256M. In total, this amounts to an annual impact of $526M. Studies suggest that each job in the Bioscience industry is linked to the creation of three additional jobs in the state economy. The similar is true for academic research funding. For each $167,000 in research funding, one academic research position is generated. In conjunction with creating jobs, the Bioscience industry brings in tens of millions of dollars to Rhode Island in commercial sales and public research funds. Rhode Island institutions have won over $60M from major infrastructure grants including COBRE, INBRE and EPSCoR over the past five years. And the number of awards granted to Rhode Island from the National Institutes for Health (NIH) grew 40% faster for the period 2000-2004 than awards made to other states. NIH funding reached an all-time high of $130M in 2007. Rhode Island’s Bioscience industry is diverse: It includes sectors such as: biopharmaceutical manufacturing, biotextiles, bioprocess design and assembly, medical device design and manufacturing, diagnostics, basic biomedical research and design and bioinformatics. The Bioscience industry is a significant contributor to the state budget: Employees of the sector generate at least $16M in income and sales taxes. Rhode Island’s Bioscience industry is among the fastest growing nationwide: According to the Milken Institute, Rhode Island’s Health and Life Sciences industries are projected to triple from 2004-2014. From 2001-2006, employment in Rhode Island’s Drugs and Pharmaceuticals industry sector grew an astounding 258.9%, whereas it grew 4% nationwide. Rhode Island’s Research, Testing and Medical Laboratories industry sector grew 21.3% versus 17.8% national growth. Total Private Sector growth for both Rhode Island and the United States dwindle to just 3.1% for the same period (BIO/Battelle Bioscience ’08). 9 Bioscience Skill Sets Skill sets required to be successful in the Bioscience industry include not only Technical/Professional Skills, but also Basic Knowledge and Soft Skills. As identified in the Report of the Rhode Island Bioscience Industry Skills Gap Task Force, 84% of Rhode Island bioscience employers report there is a skills gap in these areas: 12% of survey respondents reported that applicants for open positions do not have the “basic knowledge” skills that are required. The most critical basic knowledge skills identified were Biology, Math, Chemistry, Oral Communications, Computer Skills, and Writing. 40% of respondents reported that applicants for open positions do not have the “professional/technical” skills that are required. The most critical professional/technical skills identified were Regulatory Compliance, Business, General Process Operations, Maintenance/Facilities/Engineering, Process Development, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology, Instrumentation Control and Automation, and Unit Operations. 25% of respondents reported that applicants for open positions do not have the “soft skills” that are required. The most critical soft skills identified were Teamwork, Critical Thinking/ Problem Solving, Communications (verbal and written), Self Organization, Time Management, and Cultural Awareness. While applicants for positions do have adequate basic skills, many lack the technical/professional and soft skills needed to succeed in this very technically specific and public-facing industry. What Skills Are Required to Work in Your Company? 84% of responding employers report a skills gap does exist in RI’s Bioscience industry. Professional / Technical Skills 40% of employers report applicants have inadequate professional skills, including: Soft Skills 25% of employers report applicants have inadequate soft skills, including: Basic Knowledge 12% of employers report applicants have inadequate basic knowledge skills, including: o Regulatory Compliance o Teamwork o Business o Critical Thinking / Problem Solving o Biology o Mathematics o Written & Verbal Communications o Chemistry o Oral Communications Automation and Unit Operations o Self-Organization o Computer Skills Process Development o Time Management o Writing Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology o Cultural Awareness o Instrumentation Control o General Process Operations o Maintenance/Facilities/Engineering o o o 10 LMI Data & SOCs An important note to consider when learning about the Bioscience industry, or looking at a candidate’s qualifications to enter into the Bioscience industry (particularly as a transitioning worker bringing with them an already established skill set), is that Labor Market Information for this industry stretches across numerous Occupational Sectors. The Bioscience industry does not have its own Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and is therefore integrated into several other, sometimes seemingly unrelated SOC categories. Examples: 17-0000 – Architecture and Engineering Occupations 19-0000 – Life, Physical and Social Sciences Occupations 29-0000 – Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 31-0000 – Healthcare Support Occupations 51-0000 – Production Occupations Transitioning Workers As seen on the previous Skill Sets page, the foundation of the biosciences rests on the both basic STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) skills, including: biology, chemistry, and mathematics, as well as soft skills, including: customer service, teamwork, communication, and critical thinking skills. This is a benefit to transitioning workers entering the Bioscience industry. With some specialized training, workers possessing skills established in non-bioscience-related education and careers can be successfully transition into the biosciences. For a list of available training opportunities, see Appendix II: Bioscience Education & Training Programs on pages 20-21 of this Resource Guide. 11 Bioscience Occupations & Wages at the Entry Level The Bioscience industry as a whole offers its workers a highly competitive salary compensation. As reported previously, the average wage of a Rhode Island bioscience worker is $64,785 annually versus the average wage of $38,732 for a Private Sector worker. Determining hourly wages for entry-level bioscience workers is difficult due to the LMI Data numerous SOC categories that comprise the industry. However, below are examples of the average entry-level wages of several occupations from Rhode Island LMI data related to 2007. The Occupational Categories have been created to assist in breaking down areas of work within the industry. Occupational Category Occupational Title Entry Level Hourly Wage Entry Level Annual Salary Technical Biological Scientist $ 26.87 $ 55,890 Chemical Engineer $ 28.75 $ 59,800 Life Scientists $ 20.55 $ 42,744 Chemists $ 22.50 $ 46,800 Chemical Equipment Operator $ 16.87 $ 35,090 Chemical Technician $ 13.39 $ 27,850 Level I Manufacturing Technician $ 15.47 $ 32,178 Quality Assurance Technician $ 17.26 $ 35,901 Financial Analyst $ 23.23 $ 48,318 Database Administrator $ 26.92 $ 55,994 Purchasing Agent $ 21.99 $ 45,739 Training and Development Manager $ 31.72 $ 65,978 General and Operations Manager $ 35.30 $ 73,424 Chief Executives $ 58.62 $ 121,930 Manufacturing Administrative Management 12 Bioscience Careers 70% of employers report they see the bioscience industry and talent needs expanding in Rhode Island in the next 3-5 years, this includes within their own companies. Career Attractions High Skill Engaging Impactful High Wage Diversity Life-Saving High Demand Challenging Rewarding Biotechnology, Biomedical & Nanotechnology Career Tree June 2007 Source: this information attained from Career Trees: Planting Seeds in Growth Industries, a publication by the Workforce Development Council Snohomish County, 2007. (www.wdcsc.org). Advanced Degree (6-8 years) $35,000 – 240,000 per year Bachelor’s Degrees (4 years) $25,000 – 150,000 per year Associate’s Degree (2 years) $21,000 – 64,000 per year Short-Term or On-the-Job Training (2-12 months) $18,000 - $40,000 per year Agricultural Scientists Animal Scientists Biochemists Bioinformatics Analysts/Programmers Bioinformatics Scientists Biologists Biostatisticians Business Development Research Analysts Chemical Engineers Chemists Clinical Data Managers Clinical Research Managers Directors of Project Management Directors of Quality Directors of Regulatory Affairs Environmental Scientists Food Scientists Hematologists Marine Biologists Medical Directors Medical Scientists Microbiologists Pharmacologists Physicists Quality Control/Assurance Managers Senior Regulation Specialists Toxicologists Validation Managers Veterinarians Vice Presidents of Business Development or Marketing Zoologists Administrators Biological Technologists Biomedical Engineers Clinical Research Associates Computer Scientists Documentation Senior Associate Assistants Electrical Engineers Environmental Engineers Facility Managers Geneticists Managers of Regulatory Affairs Marketing Researchers Medical/Technical Writers Molecular Biologists Natural Sciences Managers Purchasing Agents/Buyers Product Marketing Managers Project Managers Quality Control Analysts Quality Assurance Documentation Specialists Quality Control/Assurance Supervisors Regulatory Affairs Analysts Research Associates Safety Engineers Software Engineers Validation Specialists Agricultural Food and Science Technicians Animal Technicians Aseptic Fill Technicians Biotechnology Laboratory Specialists/Science Technicians Chemical Technicians Clinical Data Associates Documentation Associate Assistants Environmental Engineering Technicians Facilities Technicians Laboratory Assistants Manufacturing Instrumentation/ Calibration Technicians Manufacturing Technicians Medical Device/Biomedical Repairers Process Technicians Quality Assurance Documentation Coordinators/Associates Quality Control Technicians Veterinary Technologists & Technicians Glasswashers/Technicians Material Handlers Medical Equipment Preparers Shippers/Receivers 13 Additional Information & Resources Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) – www.bio.org Global bioscience industry organization: research, lobbying, and state of the industry Governor’s Workforce Board of Rhode Island – www.rihric.org Workforce investment board, collaborates with industry, academia, and government New England Biotechnology Association (NEBA) – www.newenglandbiotech.org New England regional industry association: industry support, lobbying, and overview Medical Device Manufacturers Association (MDMA) – www.medicaldevices.org National trade association: education, advocacy, and public policy Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training – www.dlt.ri.gov Statewide labor market and occupational information Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation – www.riedc.com Rhode Island-based business and economic development services Slater Technology Fund – www.slaterfund.com Provides support and seed stage capital to Rhode Island technology entrepreneurs Tech Collective – www.tech-collective.org Rhode Island Bioscience and Information Industry Association US Department of Labor and Training – www.dol.gov National labor market and occupational information Reports and Publications Battelle/BIO State Bioscience Initiatives 2010 http://bio.org/local/battelle2010/main.asp State-by-state detailed look into the status and statistics of the bioscience industry Guide to Biotechnology 2008 - http://bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/ Published by BIO, a comprehensive reference Health Science Career Cluster Brochure – www.careerclusters.org/resources/web/16ccall.php?action=brochures Introduction to career opportunities and pathways in the health science industry Report of the Rhode Island Bioscience Industry Skills Gap Task Force – www.tech-collective.org Research, analysis of, and recommendations for matching workforce skill sets with Rhode Island bioscience employer needs All BIO publications - http://bio.org/news/publications 14 Glossary of Bioscience Terms This glossary of terms has been compiled in with input from the Bioscience industry and leading resources. It has been designed specifically for the staff of the netWORKri centers. Its purpose is to provide a resource that explains or defines the words and fields most commonly used in and associated with the Bioscience industry as well as to offer counselors an increased bioscience knowledgebase they can refer to in reviewing employer work orders and client resumes. Sources: AboutBioscience.org / North Carolina Association for Biomedical Research http://www.aboutbioscience.org/pd_whatisbioscience.html#C BIO - http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/glossary_a.asp _________________________________________________________ A Antibiotic - Chemical substance formed as a metabolic byproduct in bacteria or fungi and used to treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics can be produced naturally, using microorganisms, or synthetically. Autoimmune Disease - A disease in which the body produces antibodies against its own tissues. Autoimmunity - A condition in which the body mounts an immune response against one of its own organs or tissues. B Biochemical - The product of a chemical reaction in a living organism. Biochemistry - Biochemistry is the study of the substances found in living organisms and the chemical reactions underlying life processes. Considered one of the molecular sciences, biochemistry is a branch of both chemistry and biology. The main goal of biochemistry is to understand the structure and behavior of biomolecules. These are the organic (carboncontaining) compounds that make up the various parts of the living cell and carry out the chemical reactions that enable it to grow, maintain and reproduce itself and to use and store energy. Bioinformatics - The science of informatics as applied to biological research. Informatics is the management and analysis of data using advanced computing techniques. Bioinformatics is particularly important as an adjunct to genomics research, because of the large amount of complex data this research generates. 15 Biologic - A therapeutic or prophylactic derived from a living source (human, animal or unicellular). Most biologics are complex mixtures that are not easily identified or characterized, and many are manufactured using biotechnology. Biological products often represent the cutting-edge of biomedical research and are sometimes the most effective way to prevent or treat a disease. Biomaterials - Biological molecules, such as proteins and complex sugars, used to make medical devices, including structural elements used in reconstructive surgery. Biomedical Engineering - Biomedical engineering is application of traditional engineering principles and design procedures to analyze and solve problems in biology and medicine. Biomedical engineers may be called upon in a wide range of capacities, including designing instruments, devices and software; bringing together knowledge from many technical sources to develop new procedures; and conducting research needed to solve clinical problems. Biophysics - Biophysics, also known as biological physics, is an interdisciplinary science that applies the principles of physics and chemistry and the methods of mathematical analysis and computer modeling to understand how the mechanisms of biological systems work. It seeks to explain biological function in terms of the molecular structures and properties of specific molecules. Bioprocess - A process in which living cells, or components thereof, are used to produce a desired product. Bioreactor Vessel used for bioprocessing. Biotechnology - The use of biological processes to solve problems or make useful products. Botany - Botany is the scientific study of plants, or multicellular organisms, that carry on photosynthesis. As a branch of biology, botany sometimes is referred to as plant science or plant biology. Botany includes a wide range of scientific subdisciplines that study the structure, growth, reproduction, metabolism, development, diseases, ecology and evolution of plants. C Cell Biology - Cell biology is the academic discipline that studies the basic unit of living things, cells. Cells are the smallest independently functioning unit in the structure of an organism and usually consist of a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm and enclosed by a membrane. Cell biology examines, on microscopic and molecular levels, the physiological properties, structure, organelles (such as nuclei and mitochondria), interactions, life cycle, division and death of these basic units of organisms. Cell biology research extends to both the great diversity of single-celled organisms, such as bacteria and the many specialized cells in multicellular organisms, such as animals and plants. Clinical Studies - Human studies that are designed to measure the efficacy of a new drug or biologic. Clinical studies routinely involve the use of a control group of patients that is given an inactive substance (placebo) that looks like the test product. 16 Computational Biology - A subdiscipline within bioinformatics concerned with computation-based research devoted to understanding basic biological processes. Cyto - Referring to cell. Cytogenetics - Study of the cell and its heredity-related components, especially chromosomes. D Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - The molecule that carries the genetic information for most living systems. The DNA molecule consists of four bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine) and a sugar-phosphate backbone, arranged in two connected strands to form a double helix. DNA Sequence - The order of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule. DNA Vaccines - Pieces of foreign DNA that are injected into an organism to trigger an immune response. Double Helix - A term often used to describe the configuration of the DNA molecule. The helix consists of two spiraling strands of nucleotides (a sugar, phosphate and base) joined crosswise by specific pairing of the bases. Diagnostic - A product used for the diagnosis of disease or medical condition. Both monoclonal antibodies and DNA probes are useful diagnostic products. Drug Delivery - The process by which a formulated drug is administered to the patient. Traditional routes have been oral or intravenous perfusion. New methods deliver through the skin with a transdermal patch or across the nasal membrane with an aerosol spray. E Ecology - Ecology, or ecological science, is the branch of biology that studies the relationship of plants and animals to their physical and biological environment. The physical environment includes light and heat or solar radiation, moisture, wind, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients in soil, water and atmosphere. The biological environment includes organisms of the same kind as well as other types of plants and animals. Enzyme - A protein catalyst that facilitates specific chemical or metabolic reactions necessary for cell growth and reproduction 17 F Food Science - Food science is a discipline concerned with all technical aspects of food, beginning with harvesting or slaughtering and ending with cooking and consumption. It integrates and applies knowledge within the disciplines of chemistry, engineering, biology, and nutrition to preserve, process, package, and distribute foods that are nutritious, wholesome, affordable, desirable and safe to eat. Forensic Science - Forensic science is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system. Forensic science uses highly developed technologies to uncover scientific evidence in a variety of fields. Forensic science is science used in public, in a court or in the justice system; so any science, used for the purposes of the law, is a forensic science. Functional Genomics - A field of research that aims to understand what each gene does, how it is regulated and how it interacts with other genes. G Gene - A segment of chromosome. Some genes direct the syntheses of proteins, while others have regulatory functions. See also Operator gene; Structural gene; Suppressor gene. Gene Mapping - Determination of the relative locations of genes on a chromosome. Gene Sequencing - Determination of the sequence of nucleotide bases in a strand of DNA. Genetic Code - The code by which genetic information in DNA is translated into biological function. A set of three nucleotides (codons), the building blocks of DNA, signifies one amino acid, the building blocks of proteins. Genetics - Genetics is the study of the function and behavior of genes. Genes are the basic units of heredity, biochemical instructions comprised of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) found inside the cells of every organism, from bacteria to humans. An organism’s genes, which reside in one or more chromosomes, determine its characteristics, or traits. Genomics - The study of genes and their function. Recent advances in genomics are bringing about a revolution in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease, including the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Genomics is also stimulating the discovery of breakthrough health-care products by revealing thousands of new biological targets for the development of drugs and by giving scientists innovative ways to design new drugs, vaccines and DNA diagnostics. Genomic-based therapeutics may include "traditional" small chemical drugs, as well as protein drugs and gene therapy. 18 I Immune System - The combination of cells, biological substances (such as antibodies) and cellular activities that work together to provide resistance to disease. Immunology - Immunology is the study of the immune system, which is composed of a complex network of cells, tissues and organs that employs an elaborate and sensitive communications network. A variety of white blood cells and antibodies continuously are on the look-out for pathogens, ready to spring into action by sending out chemical messages through the bloodstream. Sometimes immune cells communicate by direct physical contact, other times they do it by releasing chemical messengers. Investigational New Drug Application (IND) - An application to begin studies of a new drug or biologic on humans. The IND gives the plan for the study and contains formulation, manufacturing and animal test result information. M Microbiology - Microbiology is the study of microorganisms (also known as microbes), which are unicellular or cell-cluster organisms and infectious agents too small to be seen with the naked eye. This includes eukaryotes (organisms with a nucleus), such as fungi and protists, and prokaryotes (organisms without a nucleus), such as bacteria. Microorganisms are extremely important in our everyday lives. Some are responsible for a significant proportion of the diseases affecting not only humans, but also plants and animals, while others are vitally important in the maintenance and modification of our environment. Still others play an essential role in industry, where their unique properties have been harnessed in the production of food, beverages and antibiotics. Molecular Biology - Molecular biology is the study of the structure function, and makeup of the molecular building blocks of life. It focuses on the interactions between the various systems of a cell, including the interrelationship of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis and how these interactions are regulated. The youngest of the biosciences, molecular biology is closely interrelated with the fields of biochemistry, genetics and cell biology. P Pathogen - Disease-causing organism. Peptide - Two or more amino acids joined by a linkage called a peptide bond. Pharmacogenomics - The science that examines the inherited variations in genes that dictate drug response and explores the ways these variations can be used to predict whether a patient will have a good response to a drug, a bad response to a drug, or no response at all. 19 Pharmacogenetics - The study of inherited differences (variation) in drug metabolism and response. Preclinical Studies - Studies that test a drug on animals and in other nonhuman test systems. Safety information from such studies is used to support an investigational new drug application (IND). Proteomics - Each cell produces thousands of proteins, each with a specific function. This collection of proteins in a cell is known as the proteome, and, unlike the genome, which is constant irrespective of cell type, the proteome varies from one cell type to the next. The science of proteomics attempts to identify the protein profile of each cell type, assess protein differences between healthy and diseased cells, and uncover not only each protein’s specific function but also how it interacts with other proteins. R Rational Drug Design - Using the known three-dimensional structure of a molecule, usually a protein, to design a drug molecule that will bind to it. Usually viewed as an alternative to drug discovery through screening many molecules for biological activity. Regeneration - Laboratory technique for forming a new plant from a clump of plant cells. S Systems Biology - A hypothesis-driven field of research that creates predictive mathematical models of complex biological processes or organ systems. T Technology Transfer - The process of transferring discoveries made by basic research institutions, such as universities and government laboratories, to the commercial sector for development into useful products and services. V Vaccine - A preparation that contains an antigen, consisting of whole disease-causing organisms (killed or weakened) or parts of such organisms, that is used to confer immunity against the disease that the organisms cause. Vaccine preparations can be natural, synthetic or derived by recombinant DNA technology. Virology - Study of viruses. Virus - A submicroscopic organism that contains genetic information but cannot reproduce itself. To replicate, it must invade another cell and use parts of that cell’s reproductive machinery. 20 X Xenobiotics - Synthetic chemicals believed to be resistant to environmental degradation. A branch of biotechnology called bioremediation is seeking to develop biological methods to degrade such compounds. Z Zoology - Zoology (or animal science) is the branch of biology devoted to the study of animal life. It covers areas ranging from the structure of organisms to the subcellular unit of life. Some zoologists are interested in the biology of particular groups of animals. Others are concerned with the structure and function of animal bodies. Still others study how new animals are formed and how their characteristics are passed on from one generation to another. Zoologists study the interactions of animals with one another and their environments, as well as the significance of the behavior of animals. 21 22 Appendix I – Rhode Island Bioscience Industry Wage Map Source: Technology, Talent and Capital: State Bioscience Initiatives 2008. Published by Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) and Battelle Technology Partnership. Bioscience Industry Base, 2006 Industry Subsector Rhode Island United States 2006 2001-6 Change 2006 2001-6 Change 3 40 -24.1% 49.70% 2,183 105,846 3.80% -6.10% Agricultural Feedstock & Chemicals Establishments Employment Location Quotient Direct-Effect Employment Multiplier Total Employment Impact Average Annual Wage 0.10 3.72 n.a. 11.22 149 $64,115 1,214,709 $67,870 Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Establishments Employment Location Quotient Direct-Effect Employment Multiplier Total Employment Impact Average Annual Wage 16 23.10% 2,654 1.90% 1,884 1.16 258.90% 317,149 n.a. 4.00% 5.84 11,001 9.92 2,880,242 $80,725 $86,892 Medical Devices & Equipment Establishments Employment 74 1,505 Location Quotient Direct-Effect Employment Multiplier Total Employment Impact Average Annual Wage -4.40% -6.40% 15,215 422,993 0.97 2.47 n.a. 4.85 3,719 $46,037 1,980,128 $59,441 0.30% -0.90% Research, Testing, & Medical Laboratories Establishments Employment Location Quotient Direct-Effect Employment Multiplier Total Employment Impact Average Annual Wage 137 1,565 58.60% 21.30% 22,857 449,991 0.94 1.98 n.a. 3.25 3,093 $68,266 1,440,500 $71,284 32.70% 17.80% Total Private Sector Establishments 35,278 7.00% 8,575,730 10.20% Employment Average Annual Wage 417,704 $38,732 3.10% 113,463,842 $42,272 3.10% Note: n.a. = metric is not applicable 23 Appendix II – Bioscience Education & Training Programs Rhode Island boasts several comprehensive industry training programs for entry-level, incumbent, and transitioning workers, and on levels ranging from one course to certificate programs to bachelors and masters degrees. Below, education and training opportunities available are broken out by certificate programs, undergraduate programs, graduate programs, and incumbent worker training programs. Certificate Programs Community College of Rhode Island – Biotechnology Certificate – The Biotechnology Certificate Program at CCRI offers hands on, competency-based instruction designed for entry-level students and transitioning workers. This 18 credit certificate program provides an overview of the field of biotechnology explores related scientific concepts and skills and emphasizes hands-on training in industry techniques. The multidisciplinary program includes coursework in chemistry, biology and engineering and technology departments and will enable a highly motivated individual to acquire the knowledge and skills needed for a smooth transition into the biotechnology workforce. University of Rhode Island – Biotechnology Manufacturing Certificate – The Biotechnology Manufacturing Certificate Program at URI is offered as the first year of a 1+ 3 year curriculum format. This first year involves two semesters of full time academic training including: biology, chemistry, microbiology, issues in biotechnology, biotechnology manufacturing methods, technical writing and a summer internship in the biotechnology industry. Following their internship, students are encouraged to secure employment in the biopharmaceutical manufacturing industry and continue an additional 3 years of academics to complete a BS in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. Undergraduate Programs Brown University – The Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology is a basic science department within Brown Medical School, and is a full participant in the undergraduate-based Program in Biology within the Division of Biology and Medicine at Brown University. The department supports graduate and postdoctoral education by providing a highly interdisciplinary framework for individual and thematic training programs within both classical and newly emerging areas in the biomedical sciences. Bryant University – Offers a Minor in Biotechnology. Roger Williams University – Offers a Bachelors of Science Degree in Biology with a Certificate in Biotechnology. The multidisciplinary scope of the program is designed to combine a 40year Bachelors Degree with a practical certificate in Biotechnology that graduates with critical/analytical skills in biotechnology. 24 Appendix II – Bioscience Education & Training Programs University of Rhode Island – Offers Bachelor of Science Degrees in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Biotechnology, Microbiology and Plant Science (Agricultural Biotechnology). Graduate Programs Brown University – Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology offers Masters of Science and Ph.D. Programs in Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Artificial Organs, Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials and Cellular Technology. University of Rhode Island – Professional Science Masters (PSM) Degree Program in Biotechnology; Masters Degree in Clinical Laboratory Science with specializations in either Biotechnology or Cytopathology. Incumbent Worker Training Community College of Rhode Island – Courses from CCRI’s Biotechnology Certificate Program are available to be taken by incumbent workers (technical and non-technical) from area companies. Examples include Orientation to Biotechnology, Intro to Biotechnology Laboratory Skills, Chemical Technology, Cell Biology for Technology and Intro to Instrumentation. Roger Williams University – Offers intensive short-term “boot camps” in biotechnology intended for industry top officials, financial managers, executives, marketing professionals and patent attorneys associated with the Biotechnology industry. The program is offered in four modules that range from 1 – 5 days. An online program to earn a Certificate in Biotechnology is pending. Tech Collective – Rhode Island’s industry association for the Bioscience and Information Technology industries. Provides workforce development and training activities and funding resources for the Bioscience industry through a variety of state and federal grant initiatives. University of Rhode Island/Providence Biotechnology Center – Through its Biotechnology Training Initiative, the Center offers short course lectures and hands-on workshops on the entire spectrum of critical unit operations used in upstream and downstream processing. Programs are taught by experts from industry, research, private practice and regulatory groups. These training programs are held in the Center’s new biomanufacturing laboratory with the latest commercial equipment at the Feinstein Providence Campus. They can also be customized and conducted for industry on-site at their own facilities. 25 Appendix III – Rhode Island Bioscience Employers Rhode Island may be small, but it has many diverse bioscience offerings. Below is a brief sampling of the bioscience employers in the state, representing a variety of industry sectors and focus, from biopharmaceuticals and clinical research to computational immunology and biomedical textiles. Alexion Pharmaceuticals - www.alxn.com - A global biopharmaceutical company that combines groundbreaking science with a steadfast commitment to meeting the needs of patients living with severe, life-threatening and often ultra-rare diseases. Amgen - www.amgen.com - A leading human therapeutics company in the biotechnology industry. For more than 25 years, the company has tapped the power of scientific discovery and innovation to advance the practice of medicine. Biomedical Structures - www.bmsri.com - Utilizes resorbable and non-resorbable fibers to manufacture braids, knits, woven, or non-woven structures to meet various application needs. Cardiorobotics, Inc. - www.cardiorobotics.com - Develops advanced robotic technologies for use in a wide range of applications, including: medical, industrial, military, and law enforcement. Collegium Pharmaceuticals - www.collegiumpharma.com - Focused on late-stage development and commercialization of prescription pharmaceuticals for the treatment of central nervous system ("CNS"), respiratory, and skin related disorders. Concordia Medical - www.concordiamedical.com - Specializes in the development and GMP manufacture of fiber based medical implants and scaffolds for regenerative medicine. Davol / Bard, Inc. - www.davol.com - Specializes in comprehensive soft tissue reconstruction, delivering trusted products and techniques for hernia repair, specialized surgical procedures, fixation, and biologic implants. Dominion Diagnostics - www.dominiondiagnostics.com - Provides comprehensive clinical quantitative urine drug testing, medication monitoring, and support services nationwide. Serving hundreds of clients in a variety of medical specialties. EpiVax - www.epivax.com - Uses cutting edge bioinformatics and immunoinformatics tools to improve the efficacy and safety of vaccines and biologic products; and to reengineer therapeutic proteins and to design new vaccines for autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases. Genexion - www.genexion.com - A “full service” Clinical Research Organization that has developed a high-performance, reliable and efficient services platform to support challenging clinical development programs and trials. 26 Appendix III – Rhode Island Bioscience Employers InCytu, Inc. - www.incytu.com - A therapeutic device engineering company developing immunotherapeutic and tissue regeneration products to transform personalized medicine. Isis Biopolymer - www.isisbiopolymer.com - A medical device company pioneering active transdermal drug delivery (TDD) patches and systems to ensure reliable and effective drug administration over an extended period of time. Myomics - www.myomics.com - Uses tissue engineered muscle-based drug screening technology to discover and develop new therapeutics for improving or attenuating muscle function and disorders. NABsys - www.nabsys.com - A life science company working at the intersection of physics, biology, and computer science to revolutionize medicine through clinical-grade wholegenome DNA sequencing. Neurotech USA - www.neurotechusa.com – A biotechnology company dedicated to the development of sight-saving therapeutics for chronic retinal disease. Polaris Medical Management - www.polarismedical.com - A Management Service Organization providing independent physician practices with operational support and expertise. Rhodes Technologies and Rhodes Pharma - www.rhodestec.com - Offers a complete range of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) production capabilities, including process development, synthesis, drying, and advanced micronization suites and dosage form manufacturing suits. Tedor Pharma - www.tedor.com - Provides high quality, innovative pharmaceutical drug development, manufacturing and commercialization services. Ximedica - www.ximedica.com - Provides integrated research, design, development, regulatory and manufacturing services to leading medical device makers, consumer healthcare companies, and healthcare providers. 27