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The Parts of Speech
The Work that Words Do
Nouns
Adverbs
Pronouns
Prepositions
Adjectives
Conjunctions
Verbs
Interjections
The Noun
Noun-- a word used to name a
person, place, thing, or idea.
Persons
Ms. Gharda, Carlos, Marisol
Places
Disneyland, Santa Ana, school
Things
dog, flower, pencil, pear
Ideas
peace, truth, justice,
The Noun (cont.d)
Common nouns-- names any one
of a group of persons, places, or
things; not capitalized.
Examples: teenagers,
monster, countries,
bridge
The Noun (cont.d)
Proper nouns-- names
particular places,
people, and things;
always capitalized.
Examples:
Bart Simpson, México,
Golden Gate Bridge
The Noun (cont.d)
Concrete nouns-- names an
object that can be
perceived
by the senses.
Examples: tulip, rain, butterfly
The Noun (cont.d)
Abstract nouns-- names an idea, a
quality, a feeling, or a characteristic
Examples: peace, love, equality
The Pronoun
Pronoun--a word used in place of a
noun or more than one noun.
Examples:
He is going up in a balloon for a
pronoun party with them.
That kangaroo looks like she has a
man in her pouch!
The Pronoun (cont.d)
Personal pronouns
Singular
Plural
1st Person
I, my, mine,
me
we, our,
ours, us
2nd Person
you, your,
yours
you, your,
yours
3rd Person
he, his, him,
she, her,
hers, it,
they, their,
theirs, them
The Pronoun (cont.d)
Reflexive pronouns--used to
back to the subject of a
verb.
himself
Examples: myself, yourself, himself,
herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,
themselves
refer
The Pronoun (cont.d)
Relative pronouns-- used to introduce
adjective and noun clauses.
Examples: who, whom, whose,
which, that
This man is
explaining that a
+b=c
The Pronoun (cont.d)
Interrogative pronouns-- used to begin
questions
Examples: Who…?, Whose…?,
What…?, Whom…?, Which…?,
What…?
The Pronoun (cont.d)
Demonstrative pronouns-- used to point
out a specific person or thing.
Examples: this, that, these, those
This man is
explaining that a
+b=c
The Pronoun (cont.d)
Indefinite pronouns-- used to refer to
people or things in general
Examples: all, another, everyone, few,
many, some, one, someone, none, no one
This man is
explaining that a
+b=c
The Adjective
Adjective--a word used to modify/
describe a noun or a pronoun.
What
Kind?
• red
shoes
• eager
dog
• goofy
frog
Which
One?
How
Many?
• either way • two fish
• that boy
• many
coins
The Adjective (cont.d)
Pronoun or Adjective?
1. Pronoun--takes place of a noun.
2. Adjective-- modifies a noun.
Pronoun
I love that.
Adjective
I love that
shirt.
Rosa bought Rosa bought
some.
some books.
Image
The Adjective cont.d)
Nouns Used as Adjectives
Common
Nouns
snow
Proper Nouns
Picasso
Common Nouns Used
as Adjectives
snow sculpture
Proper Nouns Used as
Adjectives
Picasso painting
The Adjective (cont.d)
Articles
1. Most frequently used adjective.
2. Two kinds:
a. indefinite-- refers to one
of a general group
1. A Yeti growled.
2. An ostrich danced.
b. definite-- refers to
someone or something in
particular.
1. The Yeti growled.
2. The ostrich danced.
The Adjective (cont.d)
Adjectives in Sentences-- adjectives
usually come before the noun or pronoun
they modify.
Example: The speedy adjective
usually, but not always, crosses the
finish line before the noun, slow and
sluggish, does.
The Verb
A. Verb--a word used to express an action or a
state of being.
B. Action verb-- words such as do, come, go,
and write. Sometimes express actions that
cannot be seen (i.e. remember, believe, know,
think, understand, etc.).
The Verb (cont.d)
C. Transitive Verbs--action verb that
expresses an action toward a person or
thing named in the sentence.
Examples:
The elephant held the flower.
The coyote kicked the ball.
The dog caught the frisbee.
The Verb (cont.d)
D. Intransitive Verbs-- expresses action (or tells
something about the subject) without passing
the action from a doer to a receiver.
Examples:
The duck flies.
The monkey hangs.
The hot air ballooners wave.
The Verb (cont.d)
E. Linking Verbs-- serve as links
between two words; most common are
forms of the verb be.
We
are
friends
Verb (cont.d)
F. Verb Phrase--consists of a main verb
preceded by at least one helping verb.
1. Helping verbs: has, be,
shall,
have, had, may,
would, should, etc.
2. Examples of verb phrases:
is cheering, may be running
The Adverb
Adverb--a word used to
modify
a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
The Adverb (cont.d)
Adverbs modifying Verbs
Where?
When?
We lived there.
Please step up.
How?
See you later.
Water plants weekly.
To what extent?
Drive carefully.
The rain falls softly.
I’m completely happy.
The Adverb (cont.d)
Adverb modifying Adjectives
Example 1: Maria did an exceptionally fine job.
Example 2: It’s slightly cool, so wear a sweater.
The Adverb (cont.d)
Adverb modifying Adverbs
Example: I’m going to be too late!
The Preposition
Preposition--a word used to show the
relationship of a noun
or a pronoun to
some other word
in the sentence.
Examples: There’s a monster under my bed!
There’s a chicken on my head!
The Conjunction
Conjunction--a word that joins
or word groups.
Examples: streets and sidewalks
on land or on sea
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
words
The Interjection
Interjection--a word that expresses
emotion.
*An interjection has no grammatical
relation to
the rest of the word
*Is set off from the rest of the
sentence by an
explanation point or by a comma or commas
Examples: Oops! The floor is slippery.
Our team won! Yippee!