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CHAPTER 7
“GLOBAL CULTURES”
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
A. Cultures Include All the Features of a
Society’s Way of Life.
IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS
WHAT MAKES UP A PERSON’S
CULTURE. (3 MIN.)
1. Language, religion, government,
economics, food, clothing, family
and architecture, are all part of a
society’s culture.
2. Culture Traits - activities and behaviors
that people repeatedly practice.
IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS
SOME CULTURE TRAITS THAT YOU
HAVE AND MAY SHARE. (4 MIN.)
a. Some are much the same
throughout the world.
b. Many vary from place to place.
c. Often are linked together.
d. Change through time.
FROM THE LIST OF CULTURE TRAITS
THAT YOU HAVE DEVELOPED.
DISCUSS HOW THEY MAY CHANGE,
COMPARE THEM TO OTHER
COUNTRIES, ETC.
B. An Area with Many Shared Culture
Traits is Called a Culture Region.
1. Some countries, such as Japan and
France, make up a single culture.
2. Some countries, such as Nigeria and
Democratic Republic of the Congo,
contain several culture regions.
3. A culture region such as Central
America also can be comprised of
several countries.
C. Cultures are Changing Constantly.
1. Innovation - people are always
thinking of new ways of doing things.
2. Cultural Diffusion - when innovations
or other culture traits spread into
another culture region.
a. Gradual spread from its source.
b. As people move to a new area.
IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS
WHAT INNOVATIONS HAVE
AFFECTED YOUR GENERATION THE
MOST. (3 MIN.)
HOW AS CULTURE DIFFUSION
AFFECTED YOU. (3 MIN.)
3. Acculturation occurs when one culture
changes a great deal through its meeting
with another culture.
PEOPLE SHAPE THE LAND
A. Hunting and Gathering
1. This method was the main way of life
for most of human history.
2. In early times, hunters and gathers
roamed across large areas.
3. There are few hunters and gatherers
left today.
a. San Bushmen of the Kalahari
Desert in Africa.
b. Aborigines of the Australian deserts.
c. Inuit (Eskimo) living in Arctic
regions
B. Agriculture
1. Perhaps the two most important
discoveries in world history were how
to raise animals and how to plant
crops.
2. Agriculture appeared when huntergatherers studied a plant or animal so
closely that they found out how to
grow or tame it.
a. This process is called domestication.
b. Agriculture first appeared about
10,000 years ago in several areas of
southwestern Asia.
c. Agriculture permitted people to
grow more food year after year.
d. Farming also encouraged village
life.
3. Today, many people still make their
living by agriculture.
a. Subsistence Agriculture - people
grow food on small farms mostly
for their own families.
b. Commercial Agriculture - growing
crops for sale.
WHAT DOES THE U.S. PRACTICE. IS
THIS THE CASE THROUGHOUT THE
WORLD.
C. City Life
1. First cities appeared more than 5,000
year ago.
2. Urbanization - growth in the proportion
of people living in towns and cities.
3. Culture Hearths - urbanized centers of
important new ideas and development.
4. Today, cities are centers of
manufacturing, communications,
education, government services, and
the arts.
IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS
WHAT/WHERE URBANIZATION IS
TAKING PART IN THE U.S.? IS THIS
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE. (5 MIN.)
D. Industrialization
1. Allowed standardized goods to be
made in abundance and at lower cost.
2. Grew rapidly in Western Europe
during the eighteenth century.
a. Became known as the Industrial
Revolution.
b. Factories clustered near rivers
where falling water provided power.
c. Most factories were located in
cities.
3. Industrialization continues to spread
around the world.
IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS DISCUSS
THE POSITIVES AND NEGATIVES OF
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.
WHAT HAS IT BROUGHT TO THE
WORLD. (4 MIN.)
CULTURE AND WORLD EVENTS
A. Nationalism - feelings of pride and loyalty
to one’s country.
1. Can sometimes lead to discrimination,
unfairness, or even war.
B. Religion
1. A KEY culture trait in many societies.
2. Conflicts arise when people do not
tolerate other religions.
C. Traditional Versus Modern Values
1. Some cultures adapt to change easily,
whereas other cultures do not.
2. Fundamentalism is a movement that
stresses the strict following of basic
traditional principles
D. Politics
1. In a totalitarian governments, a few
people decide what is best for
everyone.
2. In democratic governments, everyone
has a voice in government.
3. The United Nations is a worldwide
organization that tries to settle problems
among and within countries.
E. Economics
1. Some countries have abundant raw
materials and successful industries;
others have only a few.
a. This situation may encourage poor
nations to invade a rich neighbor.
b. In the past, wealthy nations colonized
other lands to acquire resources.
2. Sometimes, economic conflicts are
nonviolent.
a. Tariffs - taxes placed on imports and
exports.
b. Quotas - limits on the amount of a
particular good that can be imported
F. Issues in Human Geography
1. The information age is closely linking
people throughout the world. (Internet)
2. Fewer raw materials are needed in the
information age.
3. As a result of changes brought about by
the information age, jobs in traditional
industries are disappearing.
IN YOUR SMALL GROUPS; USING THE
5 IDEAS WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT
WRITE DOWN HOW YOU FEEL THE
WORLD IS GOING TO CHANGE IN
EACH OF THE THEMES. IS THIS FOR
THE BETTER OR WORSE?? (10 MIN.)
POSSIBLE ASSIGNMENTS:
1. Cut cultural newspaper articles.
Compare contrast similarities and
differences.
2. Cut newspaper articles that have to do
with cultural backgrounds within the
state of Minnesota
3. Newspaper articles that appeal to people
from different cultures.
4. Newspaper advertisements for different
kinds of cultural foods. How does this