Download IV. US Mobilizes for War

Long Term and Immediate Causes of WWI- MANIA!
THE POWDER KEG
M
A
N
I
“The
Spark”
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Militarism- Growth of your military in order to keep up
___________________________________________________
with your enemies (arms race)
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agreement between two countries to aid and support one
another
Even a small conflict between two countries could draw
manypride
countries
into
the waror ethnic group
___________________________________________________
extreme
in your
country
___________________________________________________
SELF-DETERMINISMdesire of colonized ethnic group for
__________________________________________________
independence (their own country)
Competition for colonies and control over trade routes led to
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
disputes and more tension between European nations
__________________________________________________
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand; After Austria-Hungary declared
war on Serbia, the alliance system pulled country after country into the
conflict
III. Why does the U.S. Joins the War?
1. Economic Ties to the Allied Powers
2. Germany Threatens
Freedom of the Seas
with UNRESTRICTED
SUBMARINE
WARFARE
a. After the sinking of
the Lusitania,
Germany agrees to
stop Unrestricted
Submarine Warfare,
but lies…
3. Zimmerman Note
-
message intercepted
from Germany to
Mexico asking Mexico
to attack the U.S.
*
4. Russia exits the
war in 1917 b/c of a
Communist
Revolution!
5. U.S. troops and
resources tip the
balance of war, and
the Allied Powers win
A German
A Mexican
II. The Deadliest and Most Destructive War
1. Trench Warfare- created a STALEMATE
2. New Weapons and Technology
a.
Machine guns
b.
Tanks
c.
Poison Gas
d.
Airplanes
4. U.S. Homefront
a. Propaganda- Created to support the war effort
b. War Bonds- Loans to government by citizens to pay for the war
c. Loss of freedom of speech- Espionage Act of 1917 makes it illegal to criticize
the war; Crackdown on suspected communist/socialists
d. Schenck v U.S.- Charles Schenck arrested for criticizing draft; Court ruled that
during wartime rights can be limited
5. After the War: The Treaty of Versailles
1. After the war, Britain and France want to punish Germany
2. Woodrow Wilson wants his 14 Points plan
3. Except for the League of Nations, all of Wilson’s points are
rejected
4. Germany is severely punished by the Treaty of Versailles and
U.S. Congress votes against joining the League of Nations
5. Congress votes against joining
the League of Nations b/c they
fear membership will pull the
U.S. into another foreign war
U.S. returns to isolationism
6. War leads to economic
depression in Europe and also
the rise of Nazism and fascism
A time of social and
economic change
Roaring Twenties (1920-1929): time period in which the U.S.
had tremendous economic growth and cultural change
I.
Politics in the Roaring 20s
 A return to ISOLATIONISM
a. The U.S. DOES NOT join the League of Nations
b. High tariffs are passed to protect U.S. business
 A return to Laissez- Faire
a. 20s Presidents felt that the best way to help business was to be
“hands-off”
1. President Warren G. Harding (Republican)
a. “Return to Normalcy”- wanted isolationism and
laissez-faire
b. Hard to trust Harding- his cabinet was corrupt
 Teapot Dome Scandal
c. Harding dies on 8/2/1923, Vice President
Calvin Coolidge takes over as President
2. Coolidge is re-elected in 1924
a. Laissez-Faire
b. Coolidge Prosperity- stock
market and businesses grew
The Business of
America is
Business!
3. Herbert Hoover is elected in 1928
(Rep.)
a. Continued Laissez Faire policy
b. Was President at the end of the
“Roaring Twenties”, when the
stock market crashed in late
1929 and the Great Depression
began
I. Social Changes of the 20s
1. Modernists (Urban, open minded, rejected prohibition) vs. Tradionalists
(rural, very religious, image conscious)
a. Scopes Monkey Trial- focused on teaching evolution
b. New roles of women and “flapper” image
2. Harlem Renaissance – “Rebirth” of
African American pride and culture in
cities created by Great Migration and
a new sense of freedom away from
South
a. Jazz music- first mainstream A.A. art
form, radio helps spread popularity
b. Literature – Langston Hughes
3. New Roles for Women
a.
Flappers- rebelled against traditional women’s roles; drank at Speakeasies,
smoked, dated casually, danced. Wore short skirts, short haircuts, low neck
lines.
b.
Voting- 19th amendment gave women new power to vote
c.
In the workplace- Many women who took place of men during WWI remained in
workplace; new job opportunities opened up as secretaries, typists, phone
operators.
4. New Inventions
a. Assembly line- increased productivity, made many
products more affordable (especially cars)
b. Automobile
Effect of Automobiles in
the 1920s
Economic Effects
•Glass, iron, steel, oil, rubber
industries boosted
•Construction of roads,
restaurants, gas stations and
suburbs
Social Effects
•Growth of suburbs
•Driving for fun
c. Home appliances- electricity become more
available (especially in cities)
d. Advertising- especially on the radio
e. Radio- by end of 1920s, most families own a
radio- helps create MASS CULTURE,
popularizes sports
f. Hollywood- Movies become incredibly popular,
helps create MASS CULTURE; by end of
1920s, movies have sound
5. Economic Changes
a. Return to laissez-faire
b. Buy Now, Pay Later- helps lead to economic
boom as people bought things they could not
afford (Coolidge Prosperity)
c. Buying stocks on margin- like buy now, pay
later for stocks; leads to overvalued stock
market!
3. Prohibition- 18th Amendment
a. Bootlegging and organized crime
b. Speakeasies
c. Fails b/c of rise in crime and
unpopularity
4. Increased Nativism-
a. Red Scare- increased fear of communist takeover
in U.S. (b/c of Russian revolution and # of new
immigrants in U.S.)
• Sacco and Vanzetti
• Palmer Raids
• Stricter immigration- Quota acts keep out “new”
immigrants (Fear of radicals
From Russian revolution)
b. Increase in KKK membership
• Birth of a Nation Film
• Great Migration
I. Causes of Depression
a. Buy now, pay later causes DEBT
b. Unequal distribution of wealth
c. Stock speculation
d. STOCK MARKET CRASH!
I. Causes of Depression
a. STOCK MARKET CRASH!
 Black Tuesday, Oct. 29th, 1929
 Billions of dollars are lost, investments gone,
businesses ruined
III. Effects of Depression
1. Massive Unemployment
2. Homelessness and breadlines/soup kitchens
3. Hoovervilles- communities of make-shift houses in
which the poor and homeless could live
Bank Runs- when panicked customers attempt to withdraw their savings from a bank at
the same time.
Bank runs led to bank failures during the Great Depression as banks did not have
enough money to pay back their clients- many people lost all their money!
People lost confidence in banks and did not put their savings back into banks
When people do not put their money in banks, it is very difficult to break the
cycle of depression!
The GREAT DEPRESSION
worsens between 1929-1933!
The Hoover Years
1. President when Depression hit- blamed/not popular
2. laissez-faire and “rugged individualism” approach very
unpopular
3. Trickle-Down economics- get economy moving by helping
big business/rich
4. Bonus Army- poor, homeless WWI veterans attacked and
their Hooverville burned to the ground in 1932
BONUS
MARCHERS
PROTESTING
IN
WASHINGTON
D.C.
II. The Dust Bowl was a series of dust storms in the
Great Plains region [central United States] between
1930 and 1941 caused by a massive drought and
decades of poor farming techniques
IV. FDR and the New Deal
1. New Deal- name FDR gave to the series of
Government programs and actions aimed at ending the
Great Depression.
2. GOALS of the New Deal (Three Rs)
a. Relief
• Provide jobs for the unemployed
• Provide support for the poor
b. Recovery
• Use power of government to boost industry and farming
• Help the economy grow and get back on track
• Restore confidence in the banking system
c. Reform
• Set up a “safety net” to prevent another Depression
• Regulating the stock market and banking system
Fireside chats- radio broadcasts given by FDR to
explain his programs and actions to the American
people
Bank Holiday- all the banks in the U.S. were
closed to prevent further withdrawals. Then he
persuaded Congress to pass the Emergency
Banking Relief Act, which authorized the
Treasury Department to inspect the countries
banks.
•This was explained to the American people at
the first ever fireside chat
Name of Agency (Acronym) and date
created
Purpose
Federal
Deposit
Insurance
Corporation
(FDIC), 1933
Created shortly after the Emergency banking
Relief Act, the FDIC insured an individual’s
savings of up to $5,000 (today, it insures
deposits of up to $100,000). The FDIC also
regulated lending policies and forbade banks
from investing in the stock market.
Civilian
Conservation
Corps (CCC),
1933
Hired unemployed young men to work on
environmental conservation projects throughout
the country. For a wage of thirty dollars a month
(a portion of which was sent to their families),
men worked on flood control and reforestation
projects, helped improve national parks, and
built many public roads. Approximately 3 million
men worked in CCC camps during the
program’s nine-year existence.
Securities and
Exchange
Commission
(SEC), 1934
Regulate the stock market and prevent corporate
abuses relating to stock prices and corporate
reporting. The SEC was given the power to license
and regulate stock exchanges to prevent another
crash from happening.
Social Security Created a federal retiree pension system for many
Act (SSA),
workers, funded by a tax on every working American’s
1935
paycheck. The act also created an unemployment
insurance plan to provide temporary assistance to
those who were out of work, while also making funds
available to the blind and physically disabled.
Works
Progress
Administration
(WPA), 1935
The largest New Deal agency, the WPA quickly
created as many jobs as possible and provided
unemployment relief. The program built many public
buildings, projects and roads and operated large arts,
drama, media and literacy projects. It fed children and
redistributed food, clothing and housing.
LEGACY OF THE NEW DEAL: HOW DID IT CHANGE AMERICA?
INCREASED THE SIZE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE ROLE IT
PLAYS IN THE ECONOMY AND PEOPLES LIVES
Welfare State-
PROTECTION OF LABOR UNIONS
RENEWED INTEREST IN PRESERVING AND PROTECTING THE
ENVIRONMENT
INFASTRUCTURE- MAJOR CONSTRUCTION, ROADS AND ELECTRICITY
PROJECTS HELP MODERNIZE RURAL AREAS
Court
Packing
Plan
Court
Packing
Plan
End of the Great Depression
• WWII creates massive demand for goods and
brings about FULL EMPLOYMENT by 1942
WWII
I. Causes of WWII
1. Rise of Totalitarian Dictators
a. Germany- Hitler and the Nazis (Once Hitler was elected, he
began to break the Treaty of Versailles)
a. Italy- Mussolini and the Fascists
b. Japan- Hideki Tojo (Military Leader)
c. Soviet Union- Josef Stalin and Communism
I. Causes of WWII
2. Aggression and Appeasement
a. Acts of Aggression (warlike acts by one country
against another without justification) were met with
APPEASEMENT (giving in to aggression to avoid war)
by Britain, France and the League of Nations
b. The Soviet Nazi Non-Aggression pact left the Nazis free to
invade Poland WITHOUT fear of a two-front war
The appeaser
is giving out
lollipops…
does that
LOOK like its
going to satisfy
the aggressive
monsters?!?!
II. The War Begins
• Immediate Cause- Germany invades
Poland on September 1st, 1939
Axis Powers- Germany, Italy, Japan
Allied Powers
oUnited States, Great Britain, Soviet Union
III. U.S.- From Neutrality
to War
1. America is neutral at
first
a. U.S. NOT in
League of Nations
b. America 1st
Movement
c. Neutrality Actslaws passed in
1930s designed to
keep U.S. out of
potential war
III. U.S.- From Neutrality to War
1. America is neutral at first
a. U.S. NOT in League of Nations
b. America 1st Movement
c. Neutrality Acts- laws passed in 1930s designed to
keep U.S. out of potential war
2. U.S. Steps up Involvement
a. Selective Training and Service Act, 1940- peacetime draft
b. Cash and Carry-
c. Lend-Lease-
2. U.S. Steps up Involvement
a. Selective Training and Service Act, 1940- peace-time draft
b. Cash and Carryc. Lend-Lease-
d. Embargo on Japan
e. War Comes to the U.S.. on December
7th, 1941- Japan attacks U.S. base at
Pearl Harbor, forcing U.S. into the war
“…a day that will live in infamy”
- President Franklin D. Roosevelt
IV. U.S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle
1. Changes in the Work Force!
Depression ends- country
reaches full employment!
Rosie the Riveter- Women filled
the jobs of men who went off to
war
Increased job opportunities
for African Americans
IV. U.S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle
1. Office of Price AdministrationGovernment issues ration
cards for food and natural
resources like gas
•Ex: Families are forced
to buy less food at the
supermarket so the
soldiers have enough to eat!
•A crime to buy certain items
without Ration coupons (black
market)
Rationing
poster
Ration coupon for
gasoline
IV. U.S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle
3. War Production Board- government agency to mobilize
economy for maximum production and how the nations raw
materials would be divided up
a. For example, automobile
plantsretooled to produce tanks,
planes, boats and jeeps. mechanical
pencils factory bomb parts.
Bedspread manufacturer mosquito
netting. Soda bottling company
filling shells with explosives
b. “Production miracle”- U.S. industry
produces more goods
during the war than all other countries
combined!
The WPB converted Ford
Motor Co. into a B-29
production plant. By 1944,
this factory was producing a
B-29 bomber every 63
minutes!!!!
IV. U.S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle
3. War Production Board- government agency to mobilize economy for
maximum production and how the nations raw materials would be divided up
a. For example, automobile plantsretooled to produce tanks, planes,
boats and jeeps. mechanical pencils factory bomb parts. Bedspread
manufacturer mosquito netting. Soda bottling company filling shells
with explosives
b. “Production miracle”- U.S. industry produces more goods
during the war than all other countries combined!
c. organized nationwide recycling drives to collect waste
materials to be converted into war goods.
IV. U.S. Mobilizes for War- Production Miracle
3. War Production Board- government agency to mobilize economy for
maximum production and how the nations raw materials would be divided up
c. organized nationwide recycling drives to collect
waste materials to be converted into war goods.
4. War Bonds- U.S. citizens would “loan” the government money to help pay
for the war
U.S. citizens would buy over 185
BILLION dollars worth of war
bonds!!
Victory Gardens- grow your own food to keep public supply
for soldiers
 Also showed patriotism and kids and the elderly could
contribute
Victory Gardens to save food
Car Pooling to save gas
5. Japanese Internment- Executive Order 9066
a. Japanese Internment- forced removal and
relocation of Japanese and Japanese
Americans in the U.S. after Japan’s attack on
Pearl Harbor
b. Japanese Americans relocated without trial b/c
government feared they were spies or saboteurs
c. Interment violated MULTIPLE constitutional rights,
including 4th Amendment (probable cause and illegal
search) and 5th (right to trial)
d. Korematsu v. U.S. (1944)- Supreme Court ruled
internment was constitutional because the need to
keep the country safe was more important than the
rights of the individual
V. Important Battles
1. D-Day (June 6th, 1944)- Turning point in
European Theater, opens a 2nd front in
Europe so the Nazis will have to fight a
two-front war
2. Battle of Midway (June 4-7th, 1942)Turning point in Pacific Theater. U.S.
Navy defeats Japanese at Midway, Japan
never fully recovers
VI. End of the War- President Truman’s
Decision to drop the Atomic Bomb
o Bushido- Code of the Samurai
o Kamikaze attacks- suicide attacks against
U.S. troops and ships
o Training Civilians- women and children were
being trained as kamikaze fighters if U.S.
invaded Japan
o… Truman decided to drop a second bomb on
Nagasaki, because Japan didn’t surrender
after the first dropped on Hiroshima
VII. Outcomes of WWII
a. United Nations- Organization of countries in which
world issues can be discussed in an effort to avoid
war and maintain peace
b. Nuclear Age- Use of atomic weapons enters world
into nuclear age arms race nuclear power plants
c. Nuremberg Trials- Nazis and Japanese leaders put
on trial for WAR CRIMES--. Held accountable for
actions during war
d. U.S. and its allies and USSR and its allies enter
COLD WAR
Cold War
U.S. Aims Versus Soviet Aims in Post- WWII Europe
The U.S. Wanted to
The Soviets Wanted to
•Encourage democracy
•Rebuild governments to
insure stability and to
create new markets for
American goods
•Stop the spread of
Communism
•Encourage spread of
communism
•Control Eastern Europe to
balance the U.S. influence
in Western Europe
•United States v. Soviet Union (USSR)
Cold War(1945-1991)- state
of hostility and competition
between the United States
and the Soviet Union
•“Iron Curtain”
border that cut-off Sovietrun eastern Europe
(satellites) from the
democratic governments
of the west.
•Containment (Truman Doctrine)
trying to stop (contain)
the spread of communism
and Soviet influence by
supporting weaker
countries
•The Berlin Airlift (April, 1948 to
September, 1949)- U.S. and it’s allies
flew supplies into West Berlin to keep it
from falling under Soviet control
Marshall Plan- U.S. supplied economic aid to foreign nations
to help them rebuild after WWII
COLD WAR ALLIANCES
North American Treaty Organization
(N.A.T.O.) 1949- U.S. led alliance in which an
attack on any member would be considered an
attack on ALL members
Warsaw Pact, 1955- A Soviet led alliance in
which attack on any satellite country would be
considered an attack on ALL members
Korean War:
Causes and
Results
After WWII, Korea was divided
into two countries; Communist
North Korea and Democratic
South Korea
In 1950, North Korean
38 PARALLEL
troops invaded South
DIVIDING LINE
BETWEEN NORTH
Korea
AND SOUTH
TH
KOREA
The country remained divided
along the 38th Parallel, and
remains so today
COLD WAR FEAR AND PANIC
•Arms race
Led to massive increase in defense spending
•McCarthyism
2nd Red Scare!
McCarthyism- making public accusations of disloyalty
to the United States without sufficient evidence
•Bomb Shelters (Duck and Cover)
1. Space Race- competition between the U.S.
and the Soviet Union for superior technology in
getting to and exploring outer space
•In 1957, the U.S.S.R. launched the worlds first
satellite, called Sputnik
•Made U.S. feel inferior and vulnerable to Nuclear
attack
•In 1969, the U.S. landed a spacecraft on the
moon
Cuban Missile Crisis
• Reasons Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev put
nuclear missiles in Cuba
• Panic of nuclear war in the United States and
around the world
• Reasons for President John F. Kennedy’s decision
to blockade Cuba
• Results of the Cuban Missile Crisis being resolved
-USSR agrees to take missiles out of Cuba
-U.S. promises never to invade Cuba (and secretly to
take missiles out of Turkey)
Vietnam [Indochina] War
oReasons the United States participated in the Vietnam
conflict
Similarities with the Korean conflict
Both countries divided between a communist north and
non-communist south
Truman Doctrine- U.S. foreign policy, we would stop
spread of communism anywhere
Domino Theory- idea that if one country in Asia fell to
communism, the rest would follow
Gulf of Tonkin Incident  Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
In response to alleged attacks on U.S. ships in the
Gulf of Tonkin, Johnson asks for full power to use
U.S. military "to prevent further aggression"- (Gulf of
Tonkin Resolution)
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Escalates War:
Approves Operation Rolling Thunder [massive
bombing campaign on North Vietnam, supply routes,
and Vietcong hideouts.
By 1967, 500,000 U.S. troops in Vietnam
oReasons for the antiwar movement and
protest
Living Room War and credibility gap
a. Constant television coverage of the war showed
Americans the horror of the fighting (AKA Living Room
War)
b. media coverage led to a "credibility gap", in which
what the government was saying and what was being
reported by the news were very different
Much of the opposition and protest over the Vietnam war
was led by young, college aged adults
Saw war as civil war
- unhappy with draft
Draft- seen as bias against minorities and the poor
 TET Offensive [T.O.]- Although a statistical defeat for
the Vietcong, the T.O. changed the minds of many
Americans to believe that the war was un-winnable
(Government's "Credibility Gap" widened
Underfunding the Great Society- LBJ’s
social program (The Great Society) did not
receive enough money b/c the Vietnam War
was so expensive
Results of War
Vietnam is united under communism
Draft abolished
War Powers Act- intended to check the
power of the President in committing the
United States to an armed conflict without
the consent of Congress
Watergate scandal- political scandal during the
1970s in the United States resulting from the break-in
of the Democratic National Committee headquarters
at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C.
Effects of the scandal eventually led to the resignation
of the President of the United States, Richard Nixon,
on August 9, 1974, the first and only resignation of
any U.S. President.
Fall of the Berlin Wall- Symbolic end to the Cold
War
Jim Crow Segregation
and the Struggle for
Civil Rights
JFK- John F. Kennedy 1960-1963(D)
1. Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Civil
Rights Bill 1963
2. Assassinated on November 22, 1963 in
Dallas, Texas, by Lee Harvey Oswald
3. Lyndon Baines Johnson become President
LBJ- Lyndon Baines Johnson 1963-1968(D)
1. Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam War, Civil Rights act of 1964 and
Voting Rights Act of 1965
2. “Great Society”- plan to reduce poverty, promote equality,
improve education and rebuild inner-cities
– Medicare and Medicaid- Government healthcare for the
poor and the elderly
– Dept. of Housing and Urban Development- housing
projects in poor neighborhoods and cities
 Great Society is undefunded because of spending on the
Vietnam War
Jimmy Carter (D)
1. Camp David accord- important step in the Middle-East peace
process; tried to make peace between Israel and Egypt (and other
Arab countries); mediated by President Jimmy Carter at the
president’s vacation home in Camp David.
Persian Gulf War
•(August 2, 1990 – February 28, 1991) War between U.N.
and U.S. forces and the Iraqi Army under Saddam Hussein
•Iraq invaded Kuwait to gain control over the oil fields
•President George H. W. Bush committed U.S. forces to
protect Kuwait b/c U.S. wanted to keep oil supply from
Kuwait open
• September 11, 2001 Al-Qaeda terrorist attacks on
the World Trade Center and Pentagon
• Decision to invade Afghanistan after 9/11 attacksAfghanistan seen as safe grounds for Al Qaeda
(terrorist organization responsible for 911
attacks)
 War on Terror
 Patriot Act
 Creation of Homeland Security
Issues of the 20th/21st Century
•Baby Boom of the 1950s
a. baby boom- the large increase in the birthrate from the late 1940s to the early 1960s
b. factors -----> post WWII baby boom
•Improved healthcare
•economic growth allowed many to afford more children
G.I. Bill- gave low-cost loans for college and homes to
returning WWII veterans
Increase of home construction and school population in late
1950s and 1960s
•Affirmative Action
•Sandra Day O’Connor & Geraldine Ferraro
•Illegal immigration
Impact of Technology on American Society
[based on historical importance and what you have learned in social studies – NOT your
personal experiences]
Henry Ford’s assembly line [mass production]
-Allowed Ford to make cars affordable for average American
-Led to a huge growth in automobile sales in the 1920s
-Technique copied by many other companies
The automobile
-Led to economic growth in U.S. in the 1920s (oil industry,
rubber, glass, roadside restaurants and gas stations)
-Growth of suburbs as people could live further away from
work
•Radio
-Consumer product of the 1920s
-Led to advertising and entertainment revolution
-Fireside chats
-Nixon/Kennedy debate- those who listened on radio though
Nixon won
•Nuclear power
-Manhattan Project- Allied plan to develop nuclear weapons
during WWII
-Atomic weapons used to force Japanese surrender
-Cold war nuclear arms race (Cuban Missile Crisis)
-Nuclear Power Plant disasters! - Chernobyl, Three Mile Island
and Japan 2011
•Television
-Consumer product of the 1950s
-Advertising and entertainment revolution
-Army/McCarthy hearings
-Nixon/Kennedy debate- people who watched felt Kennedy won
-Living Room War- TV coverage of Vietnam led to loss of public
support and credibility gap
•Computer Revolution
•Steve Jobs & Bill Gates
•Internet
•“Shrinking World”
•Instant news
•Instant access to information
•Instant communication with others via e-mail
Presidential Elections
2000 election- Controversial recount in the State of
Florida; many suspicious voter problems in democratic
counties; Bush is given victory in Florida and wins
election
2008+2012 elections – Barack Obama becomes the
country’s first African American president; Osama Bin
Laden killed, Iraq war ended, “Obamacare”
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Review MC Answers
1. D
11.D
21.C
31.B
41. D 51.D
61.D
71.D
2.A
12.A
22.A
32.C
42.A
52.A
62.D
72.C
3.A
13.A
23.C
33.C
43.D
53.A
63.C
73.C
4.B
14.A
24.A
34.A
44.B
54.C
64.A
5.C
15.D
25.D
35.D
45.A
55.A
65.B
6.D
16.D
26.C
36.C
46.D
56.C
66.B
7.D
17.C
27.C
37.B
47.B
57.D
67.D
8.A
18.C
28.C
38.C
48.A
58.C
68.C
9.A
19.B
29.D
39.A
49.D
59.A
69.B
10.D
20.A
30.D
40.A
50.B
60. A 70. A