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Unit 2 Atmosphere Reading Guide and Notes Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Period ___ Section 7 Climate, Weather, and Storms 75. Define “Climate”. _______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 76. Do weather trends vary or stay the same from year to year? _______________________ Give an example to justify your answer. __________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 77. State the famous statement which contrasts climate and weather. _________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 78. How are forecasters able to predict weather trends over time? _____________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 79. Low-pressure belts at the equator and at 50° to 60° north and south latitudes generate abundant____________________________. At latitudes around 30° north and south, dry descending air from high pressure belts produces ____________________ zones that include Earth's major deserts. 80. Between middle latitudes and the polar regions, a sharp pressure gradient creates _______________________________ winds flowing from west to east at the boundary area. 81. What do the jet streams transport? _________________________________________ 82. What happens when the mid-latitude jet stream dips down from Canada into the United States during the winter? ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 83. Hurricanes form over tropical waters (between 8° and 20° latitude) in areas with what (3) conditions? _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Unit 2 Atmosphere Reading Guide and Notes Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Period ___ 84. Number these steps 1 – 6 in the correct order for the formation of a hurricane. ______ air pressure near the top of the storm starts to rise in response to latent heat warming ______ appearance of a tropical disturbance (cluster of thunderstorms) ______ the Coriolis force leads the converging winds into a counterclockwise circulation around the storm's lowest-pressure area ______ the upper-level area of high pressure acts like a chimney to vent the tropical system and keeps the air converging at the surface from piling up around the center ______ falling pressure pulls in more air at the surface, which makes more warm air rise and release latent heat, which further reduces surface pressure. ______ a high-pressure zone makes air diverge (flow outward) around the top of the center of the system and then it drops to the ground, forming powerful winds 85. What (3) circumstances could weaken or diminish a hurricane? ______________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 86. What causes most of the stormy weather in the United States, especially during the winter season? __________________________________________________________________ 87. What conditions allow mid-latitude cyclones to occur? ____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 88. What causes a cyclonic system to start to move into a spiral? _______________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 89. Compare the location of the highest wind velocities between a cyclone and a hurricane. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________