Download PickList (Domain) Report, for Lithology Composition Terms

Steve- I've made specific comments on terms below. Some general comments:
 I'm pleasantly surprised at how good this is
 Usability would be greatly improved if examples were included for most terms. That is, a “May
include stuff with these names” column
 Is classification of a calcarenite as sandstone or grainstone entirely up to the user's discretion? In
general, how should users choose among alternate permissible classifications?
 The metamorphic rocks section is weak. Igneous rocks seem to be over-represented: 49 kinds,
versus 16 varieties of metamorphic rock and 24 varieties of sedimentary rock.
 See end of this document for my suggested re-grouping of metamorphic rocks, with 2 new concepts (greenschist, greenstone)
 Do users need a statement on how to use the hierarchy? (a general term is more accurate, a morespecific term may be more useful. Which to use? How to decide?)
The reasoning for the presence of the “material” categories (~0000~0005~ and higher) needs to
be explained, as I don't see itWhat about mantle tectonites? (metamorphic rocks with peridotite
mineralogy)
Lithology Composition Terms for NGMDB Data Import Tool
Compiled by S. M. Richard, 2008
Introduction
Science vocabularies have been constructed for the National Geologic Map Database project
(abbreviated NGMDB, see Soller and Berg (2003) or http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/) to provide geologic data
to users in government, business, and academia a consistent terminology of categories for concepts and
property values. The use of a clearly defined vocabulary, with definitions developed to avoid ambiguity
in the use of terms, is essential for consistent communication of science concepts to a wide variety of
data users who have vastly different levels of familiarity with geologic terms and concepts. Implementation of any geoscience information system requires a collection of science terms and definitions to populate descriptions of rocks, geologic units, and structures (Giles and others, 1997).
This term list is a concept vocabulary. The identity of a controlled concept (represented by a
term from the vocabulary) is based on its definition, not the actual word used. The preferred name or
term associated with the concept in the vocabulary is a label for the concept used in human communication, which corresponds a region of some particular concept space (see Gardenfors, 2000). The point of
this vocabulary is to define the concept spaces and categories to hierarchically partition each space in a
useful manner consistent with standard geoscience usage.
This vocabulary is the outgrowth of several years of compilation and testing, first in the arena of
the North America Geologic Map Data Model science language technical team efforts (North American
Geologic Map Data Model Steering Committee Science Language Technical Team (SLTT), 2004), and
then in the course developing and testing database implementation for the NGMDB project, and in an
international working group extending these efforts to develop standards for international information
interchange (https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/CGIModel/ConceptDefinitionsTG). This work
evolved from attempts at rather exhaustive categorization schemes with more than a thousand terms, to
an effort to develop a list of on the order of 100 terms that would be more manageable for users. This list
is almost identical to the draft simple lithology vocabulary in use by the IUGS CGI Interoperability
1
Working Group for interoperability test bed demonstration using the GeoSciML XML mark up language. Discussion of the differences is included in a section following the vocabulary listing.
PickList (Domain) Report, for Lithology Composition Terms
Terms in this list appear in the pick list for populating lithologic composition of geologic units in
the NGMDB Data Import tool. This list appears in the center part of the data entry form for step 7 ‘Populate Lithologic Composition’ in the import process.
The Hierarchy Key is an outline-numbered index used to arrange the terms hierarchically. The
hierarchical arrangement here is one of several logically consistent arrangements that could be made.
The Portal Lithology Roadmap diagram depicts the logical relationship between various groups of lithology categories in a more extended fashion, and should be used in conjunction with this list to locate
terms. The associated Excel Spreadsheet listing provides source notes on the terms, and is arranged alphabetically to make locating a particular term as simple as possible.
Domain DisplayName:
NGMDB Portal - Lithologic Composition Terms
Internal Name
dPortal_LithComp_Terms
Description:
Terms describing Lithologic Composition for tagging polygons in NGMDB Portal.
Origin Table: the database
StandardLithology
table that contains the terms:
Domain Contents:
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Earth material
Material of unspecified consolidation state formed by
geological modification of pre-existing materials outside
the realm of igneous and sedimentary processes. [But
this is the root of the hiearchy, thus INCLUDES these
rocks.]Includes rocks formed by impact metamorphism,
standard dynamothermal metamorphism, brittle deformation, weathering, metasomatism and hydrothermal
alteration (diagenesis is a sedimentary process in this
context). [Suggested revised definition: “Stuff the Earth
is made of. Includes anthropogenic materials.”]
Coarse-grained material composed of angular broken
rock fragments; the fragments typically have sharp edges and unworn corners. The fragments may be held together by a mineral cement, or in a fine-grained matrix.
Clasts may be of any composition or origin.
e6b967b5-3c23-49fab13f-6250c83ca041
~0000~
0a4662b4-eb7d4e58-bf1c6844600dfd82
~0000~0000~
Breccia
2
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Water [why is water included? If
water is to remain,
suggest a) include
ice as a separate
category, b) call
this H2O, or c) add
water and ice as
subdivisions of
H2O]
liquid water or ice. Technically a subtype of NADM
Inorganic fluid category of EarthMaterial, but included
here for convenience.
a908b388-4468-4adf932a-1ab72548ca6f
~0000~0001~
Breccia-gouge series [Incohesive
cataclastic rock]
Fault material that displays evidence for loss of cohesion during deformation. Examples of evidence include
void spaces (filled or unfilled), and non-consolidated
matrix material between fragments. Includes faultrelated breccia and gouge.
Fault-related rock that maintained primary cohesion
during deformation, with matrix comprising 50 to 90
percent of rock mass; matrix is fine-grained material
caused by tectonic grain-size reduction. Includes cataclasite, protocataclasite and ultracataclasite. [And how
do these differ, operationally, from mylonite, if you insist that primary cohesion was not lost? Best to avoid
genetic criteria here!]
Rocks that are the product of surficial processes operating on pre-existing rocks or deposits, analogous to hydrothermal or metasomatic rocks formed at ambient
Earth surface temperature and pressure. Includes duricrust of various sorts (silcrete, calcrete), and weathered
rock.
Rock forming a hard crust or layer at or near the Earths
surface at the time of formation, e.g. in the upper horizons of a soil, characterized by structures indicative of
pedogenic origin. Typically consists of sand and gravel
cemented by carbonate, silica, aluminous oxides, or iron
oxide.
Material of composite origin resulting from weathering
processes at the Earths surface, in the absence of significant epiclastic or chemical input, mostly involving removal of chemical constituents by aqueous leaching.
Consolidation state is not inherent in definition.
Highly aluminous material containing abundant aluminum hydroxides (gibbsite, less commonly boehmite,
diaspore) and aluminum-substituted iron oxides or hydroxides and generally minor or negligible kaolin minerals; may contain up to 20 percent quartz. Commonly
has a pisolitic or nodular texture, and may be cemented.
Rock that exhibits observable properties due to environmental conditions at or near the Earth surface affected by the atmosphere or hydrosphere. Corresponds to
McMillan and Powell 1999 weathered rock grades II,
III, and IV.
51bacef6-a331-4f068575-cde36a46f057
~0000~0002~0000
~0000~
674fcace-48d9-4d8992a2-c8a3e61c4d8a
~0000~0002~0000
~0001~
afe2594b-558f-4a119628-b812a6866d68
~0000~0002~0001
~
d88cb6d8-99ff-4bb9b528-2323c3c10e91
~0000~0002~0001
~0000~
daade8c6-dd68-4d81833c-ef65817fb946
~0000~0002~0001
~0001~
1c07b53b-c58045c8-b62e5eadc618edb0
~0000~0002~0001
~0001~0000~
e8618627-24cb4644-9537cc92634c8560
~0000~0002~0001
~0001~0001~
Cataclasite series
[Cohesive cataclastic rock]
Soil
Suggest this be
raised to
~0000~0002~
Duricrust
Residual material
Bauxite
Weathered rock
3
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Unconsolidated
material
Aggregation of particles that do not adhere to each other
strongly enough that the aggregate can be considered a
solid in its own right.
Unconsolidated material known to have artificial (human-related) origin.
ef3d7db1-59ec-40ceae00-f597da7f060a
~0000~0003~
3e5125d7-89f5-4a51a3e1-d77160241e49
~0000~0003~0000
~
Unconsolidated material known to have natural, i.e. not
human-made, origin.
Natural unconsolidated material consisting of an aggregation of particles transported or deposited by air, water
or ice, or that accumulated by other natural agents, such
as chemical precipitation, and that forms in layers on the
Earths surface.
Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the constituent
particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or
mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical agents
such as water, wind, ice and gravity.
non sorted or poorly sorted terrigenous sediment that
consists of sand and /or larger particles in a muddy matrix. Size distribution is commonly bimodal or polymodal, with one or more modes in the coarse-grain
range and one or more in the silt-clay size range. Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded. Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone
based on polymodality and lack of structures related to
transport and deposition of sediment by moving air or
water. Meant to be synonymous with CGI GeoSciML
diamicton but with more explicit definition.
Clastic sediment consisting of 30 percent or more clasts
that are 2 mm or more in diameter. Denotes that composition of clasts is not specified.
Clastic sediment consisting of less than 30 percent clasts
that are greater than 2 mm in diameter, and in which the
ratio of mud-size particles (less than 0.0625 mm diameter) to sand-size particles (0.0625 to 2 mm diameter) is
greater than 50 percent. Composition of clasts is not
specified. Broad use of term sand recognized to conform
with common usage.
Clastic sediment consisting of less than 30 percent clasts
that are greater than 2 mm in diameter, and in which the
ratio of mud-size particles (less than 0.0625 mm diameter) to sand-size particles (0.0625 to 2 mm diameter) is
less than 50 percent. Composition of clasts is not specified. Broad use of term mud included to conform to
common usage.
Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent material
produced by chemical (organic or inorganic) processes
within the basin of deposition. Includes organic-rich,
non-clastic siliceous, carbonate, evaporite, iron-rich, and
phosphatic sediment classes.
sediment composed of greater than 50 percent material
of biogenic origin
c03cd6f9-a1c8-478889ec-28d1d1400bf6
bac3f073-956f-4bbc949f-109a933a909d
~0000~0003~0001
~
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~
76ad3c67-a46c-4e02af58-550deb3739e5
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0000~
12b42959-f738-4b9abae2-808f2941ca84
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0000~0000
~
aaeb1bf7-d79b-4ece8f48-7af81f888cab
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0000~0001
~
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0000~0002
~
Anthropogenic
unconsolidated
material
Natural unconsolidated material
Sediment
Clastic sediment
Diamicton
Gravel (Gravelly
sediment)
Sand (sandy sediment)
Mud (muddy sediment)
Chemical sediment
Biogenic sediment
d57a7299-7b804d7b-9a41b142720bcdd7
f87f43fe-53c9-47ce8aa8-c3f02f5d84a7
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0000~0003
~
9f5c79ac-b761-454a8816-9fe2ae630706
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0001~
be49436d-6ae7-4aea85c2-717ad156835c
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0002~
4
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Ooze
Mud (less than 1 percent gravel, and has a sand to mud
ratio less than 1 to 9) that contains at least 30 percent
skeletal remains of pelagic organisms, and less than 50
percent carbonate minerals.
types based on composition/mineralogy
99b31aa8-40f7-459b818c-a5f936ad2778
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0002~0000
~
Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent (by volume)
iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite, limonitegroup, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by handlens or petrographic analysis; corresponds with a rock
typically containing 15 percent iron by weight.
Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary
and/or recrystallized constituents are phosphate minerals.
Sediment that consists of at least 50 percent silicate
mineral material, deposited directly by chemical or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in particles formed by chemical or biological processes within
the basin of deposition.
Sediment with color, composition, texture and apparent
density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis.
2d32f1cc-87e6-4061a4e6-073cb3d1311d
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0003~0000
~
176218ea-b497-45eaa468-1a3b2fc8802f
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0003~0001
~
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0003~0002
~
35306da1-04334733-82d0201aad9c96bf
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0003~0003
~
Unconsolidated organic-rich sediment composed of at
least 50 percent semi-carbonized plant remains; individual remains commonly seen with unaided eye; yellowish
brown to brownish black; generally fibrous texture; can
be plastic or friable. In its natural state it can be readily
cut and has a very high moisture content, generally
greater than 90 percent.
Sediment in which at least 50 percent of the primary
and/or recrystallized constituents are composed of one
(or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite
and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin.
Carbonate sediment with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.
213dddd6-b3b8492f-91a8a8ff5e83b202
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0003~0003
~0000~
b3a1253c-b7144698-8321e094d13aa46b
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0003~0004
~
e5c62df2-df83-4437a174-67bd71cdb067
Carbonate sediment with a calcite (plus aragonite) to
dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes limesediments.
Carbonate sediment composed of more than 25 percent
gravel-sized clasts (maximum diameter more than 2
mm).
Carbonate sediment consisting of less than 25 percent
gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a sand to mud
ratio greater than 1.
Carbonate sediment consisting of less than 25 percent
gravel-size (2 mm) particles and with a mud to sand
ratio greater than 1.
1c8a85a0-af7b-4c1fba09-28df62a4daaf
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0003~0004
~0000~
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0003~0004
~0001~
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0003~0004
~0002~
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0003~0004
~0003~
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0003~0004
~0004~
Sediment types
defined by mineralogy
Iron rich sediment
Phosphatic sediment
Non-clastic siliceous sediment
Organic rich sediment [As organic
material is commonly not mineral,
place this and Peat
under “biogenic
sediment.”
Peat [place under
biogenic sediment]
Carbonate sediment
Dolomitic sediment
Calcareous carbonate sediment
Carbonate gravel
Carbonate sand
[Sandy carbonate
sediment]
Carbonate mud
[Muddy carbonate
sediment]
~0000~0003~0001
~0000~0003~
1b2ad691-fd95-41ad93e3-d71e20928829
8856f297-c5fd-4a2cab9a-45fb2541cabc
ffaf5f66-9215-40bc886f-45072641ca31
52b5711b-1a90404e-9c2388352641ca7b
5
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Tephra
An unconsolidated pyroclastic deposit in which greater
than 75 percent of the fragments are deposited as a direct result of volcanic processes and the deposit has not
been reworked by epiclastic processes. Includes ash,
lapilli-ash, lapilli tephra, ash breccia, bomb tephra, and
block tephra of Hallsworth and Knox (1999).
[Are lahar deposits—which are largely epiclastic-- to be
included here?]
Tephra in which less than 25 percent of fragments are
greater than 64 mm in longest dimension
Tephra in which more than 75 percent of particles are
greater than 64 mm in largest dimension. Includes bomb
tephra and block tephra of Gillespie and Styles (1999)
Consolidated aggregate of one or more EarthMaterials,
or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter, or of solid
organic material. Includes mineral aggregates such as
granite, shale, marble; glassy matter such as obsidian;
and organic material such a coal. Excludes unconsolidated materials.
rock that is too fine grained to categorize in more detail.
[How many map units contain significant aphanite? Is
this term needed?]
Rock formed by the cooling and solidification of magma. Rock for which only descriptive information is igneous origin. Typically characterized by textures indicating crystallization from melted material.
Igneous rock that consists of greater than 90 percent
glass.
Rock with exotic mineralogical, textural or field setting
characteristics; typically dark colored, with abundant
phenocrysts. Criteria include: presence of greater than
10 percent melilite or leucite; OR presence of kalsilite;
OR greater than 50 percent carbonate minerals. These
rocks are typically dark colored with abundant phenocrysts. Includes lamproite, lamprophyre, kimberlite,
carbonatite, melilititc and kalsilitic rocks of LeMaitre et
al.(2002).
Kimberlite, lamproite, or lamprophyre. Generally are
potassic, mafic or ultramafic rocks. Olivine (commonly
serpentinized in kimberlite), and phlogopite are significant constituents.
Igneous rock containing greater than 10 percent melilite
or kalsilite. Typically undersaturated, ultrapotassic
(kalsilitic rocks) or calcium-rich (melilitic rocks) mafic
or ultramafic rocks.
Igneous rock composed of more than 50 percent modal
carbonate minerals.
Igneous rock in which greater than 75 percent of the
rock consists of fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming process. Includes pyroclastic rocks,
autobreccia associated with lava flows and intrusive
breccias. Excludes deposits reworked by epiclastic processes.
3ed87b5a-78e64066-a1cb4bd112581f4c
~0000~0003~0001
~0001~
ebb1b090-a0c0-4e53999a-fb862741ca9c
aea95b99-f7f7-49629b88-42cc2f41ca88
~0000~0003~0001
~0001~0000~
~0000~0003~0001
~0001~0001~
9d1752af-88ba-42428197-7f5e773f26e0
~0000~0004~
284d9658-a385404b-b4208f63ca351147
a9937186-12784d83-a500322eb4ba60a5
~0000~0004~0000
~
c711a885-be5b-42a393d7-f24c960b1b74
12822327-5b99427e-ac767770ba0ee6a8
~0000~0004~0001
~0000~
~0000~0004~0001
~0001~
ac4981e3-ea1e-41b985a4-cfad7fa6277b
~0000~0004~0001
~0001~0000~
87718d40-9e7d462d-937a0dd93d32a33d
~0000~0004~0001
~0001~0001~
52ee5e0c-1234-40d1bcf7-e33b5705b23b
87e4aa23-20f9-46beb735-3330f229c6b2
~0000~0004~0001
~0001~0002~
~0000~0004~0001
~0002~
Ash and lapilli
Ash breccia, bomb,
or block tephra
Rock
Aphanite
Igneous rock
Glassy igneous
rock
Exotic composition
[unusual] igneous
rock
Exotic alkaline
rock [mafite]
Exotic alkalic igneous rock
Carbonatite
Fragmental igneous
rock
~0000~0004~0001
~
6
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Pyroclastic rock
Fragmental igneous rock that consists of greater than 75
percent fragments produced as a direct result of eruption
or extrusion of magma from within the earth onto its
surface. Includes pyroclastic rock of Gillespie & Styles
(1999) and LeMaitre et al. (2002). LeMaitre et al (2002)
explicitly exclude autobreccia related to lava flows. This
is rejected here because of the difficulty it would present
with fragmental deposits associated with silicic lava
flows or exogenous domes (e.g. block and ash deposits).
Autobreccia associated with lava flows is thus included
here as a kind of pyroclastic rock. Deposits reworked by
epiclastic processes are excluded from category (put in
clastic sedimentary rock).
Pyroclastic rock in which greater than 75 percent of particles are greater than 64 mm in largest dimension. Includes agglomerate, pyroclastic breccia of Gillespie and
Styles (1999)
Pyroclastic rock in which less than 75 percent of rock by
volume are more than 64 mm in longest diameter. Includes tuff breccia, tuff, lapilli tuff, and lapilli-stone.
Igneous rock in which greater than 10 percent (by volume) of rock is individual crystals that can be discerned
with the naked eye. Generally corresponds to not finegrained in terms of Gillespie and Styles (1999) or LeMaitre et al (2002). Bounding grain size is on the order
of 32 to 100 microns. Igneous rocks with exotic composition are excluded from this concept.
Phaneritic igneous rock that contains between 20 and 60
percent quartz[redundant: if at least 20% qtz, cannot
have 90% mafics]. A general term for all phaneritic igneous rocks dominated by quartz and feldspars. Includes
rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 2, 3, 4 and 5 as
alkali granite, granite, granodiorite or tonalite. Equivalent to granitoid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.10 (p.
29), without denotation of field classification. [Need to
define Q, A, P, F, and M]
Granitic rock with Q between 20 and 60, and P/(A+P)
greater than 90. Includes rocks defined modally in
QAPF field 5 (Streckeisen, 1976).
Granitic rock with Q between 20 and 60 and P/(A+P)
less than 65[see granite, above]. Includes alkali feldspar
granite, syenogranite, monzogranite and granite of LeMaitre et al 2002, including rocks with QAPF mineralogy in fields 2 or 3 of Streckeisen (1976).
Granitic rock with Q between 20 and 60 and P/(A+P)
between 65 and 90. QAPF mineralogy in field 4 of
Streckeisen (1976).
Light colored intrusive igneous rock, characterized by a
fine grained allotriomorphic-granular (aplitic, saccharoidal or xenomorphic) texture; typically granitic composition, consisting mostly of quartz, K-feldspar and
sodic plagioclase.
9d9a5a62-4051-4fc69269-ee74d7a6b0e3
~0000~0004~0001
~0002~0000~
dfd4cd05-c611-4e319c60-a82aef5876ed
~0000~0004~0001
~0002~0000~0000
~
03207cc5-b68c415b-b558319fcbd25089
f47c274b-fb5d-4f7a93b5-561d79ae0622
~0000~0004~0001
~0002~0000~0001
~
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~
dad5db79-22a646a8-949b334ac30c8598
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0000~
94ee5c45-98d04672-83ade27e939fff35
47067864-f6d6453b-b5569b86bfb84711
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0000~0000
~
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0000~0001
~
4930fc9c-3c42-4150a213-18add3ad1f87
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0000~0002
~
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0000~0003
~
Tuff-breccia, agglomerate, or pyroclastic breccia
Ash tuff, lapillistone, and lapilli tuff
Phaneritic igneous
rock [Coarsegrained igneous
rock]
Granitic rock
Tonalite
Granite
Granodiorite
Aplite
af132920-251a-4628a0f9-7563eb008775
7
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Syenitic rock
General term for a phaneritic crystalline rock of up to 20
percent quartz or up to 10 percent feldspathoid and
greater than 35 percent alkali feldspar; includes rocks
classified as syenite or monzonite. Concept corresponds
to syenitoid of LeMaitre et al 2002, p29, Fig 2.10, without denoting the categorization process. Includes rocks
classified in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 as syenite or monzonite.
Syenitic rock with Q between 0 and 5, and P/(A+P) between 35 and 65. A group of plutonic rocks intermediate
in composition between alkali feldspar and plagioclase,
that contain little or no quartz, and commonly contain
augite as the main mafic mineral.C11 Includes rocks
defined modally in QAPF Field 8.
Coarse-grained crystalline rock with Q between 0 and 5,
and P/(A+P) between 10 and 35. A group of plutonic
rocks containing alkali feldspar, a small amount of plagioclase, one or more mafic minerals, and quartz, if present, only as an accessory.
A coarse-grained (phaneritic) igneous rock with M less
than 90, Q is less than 20, P/(A+P) greater than 65, F
less than 10, and plagioclase more sodic than An50.
Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF fields 9 and 10
as diorite, monzodiorite, and foid diorite.
Dioritic rock with Q between 0 and 5, P/(A+P) greater
than 90, no feldspathoid, and plagioclase more sodic
than An50; commonly with hornblende and often with
biotite or augite; color index less than 90. Includes rocks
defined modally in QAPF field 10 as diorite.
Phaneritic crystalline igneous rock consisting of sodic
plagioclase (An0 to An50), alkali feldspar, hornblende
and biotite, with or without pyroxene. Includes rocks
defined modally in QAPF field 9 as monzodiorite.
A plutonic rock with M less than 90, Q is less than 20,
P/(A+P) greater than 65, F less than 10, and plagioclase
more calcic than An50. Equivalent to gabbroid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.10 (p. 29), without denotation
of field classification. Includes rocks defined modally in
QAPF fields 9 and 10 as gabbro or monzogabbro and
foid-bearing varieties.
Gabbroic rock with Q between 0 and 5, P/(A+P) between 65 and 90, and plagioclase more calcic than
An50. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 9
as monzogabbro. Typical mafic minerals are biotite,
hornblende, and pyroxene.
Gabbroic rock with hbl/(pl+px+hbl) less than 5, ol/(ol +
px + pl) less than 5, and opx/(cpx + opx + pl) less than
5. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF Field 10 as
gabbro.
43802536-29484b2c-bed3dc746c6e0428
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0001~
b8edcc5d-8f1c-41e88f20-50818824efd7
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0001~0000
~
0bc11190-c88f-4acf8f3c-c0a2fc47a6c2
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0001~0001
~
30cdf36b-e8e2-411ea76d-7c8e0c7d2ac5
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0002~
024a2b99-eed64634-ab59992c3e75e6bf
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0002~0000
~
209e0fe6-d517-41d6b654-12ff01c2d8cb
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0002~0001
~
8bf12f85-b8dc-4c0682e9-50da6e2c4cad
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0003~
7969fcf0-535a-469e97be-cc962e1e7651
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0003~0000
~
092a5bee-26ca-48c8adce-90c86afdc220
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0003~0001
~
Monzonite
Syenite
Dioritic rock
Diorite
Monzodiorite
Gabbroic rock
Monzogabbro
Gabbro
8
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Foid gabbroic rock
Coarse-grained crystalline rock in which F/(F+A+P) is
between 10 and 60 in the QAFP plot, P/(A + P) is greater than 50, plagioclase has greater than 50 percent An,
and M < 90. Equivalent to foid gabbroid of LeMaitre et
al (2002) Fig 2.10 (p. 29), without denotation of field
classification. Classify as exotic alkalic if melilite or
kalsilite is more abundant than feldspathoid.
Coarse-grained crystalline rock in which F/(F+A+P) is
between 10 and 60 in the QAFP plot, P/(A + P) is greater than 50, M is less than 90, and plagioclase has less
than 50 percent An. Equivalent to foid gabbroid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.10 (p. 29), without denotation
of field classification. Classify as exotic alkalic if melilite or kalsilite is more abundant than feldspathoid.
Coarse-grained crystalline rock in which F/(F+A+P) is
between 10 and 60 in the QAFP plot, M < 90, and P/(A
+ P) is less than 50. Equivalent to foid syenitoid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.10 (p. 29), without denotation
of field classification. Classify as exotic alkalic if melilite or kalsilite is more abundant than feldspathoid.
General term for a leucocratic phaneritic crystalline rock
consisting essentially of plagioclase, often with small
amounts of pyroxene; colour index M less than 10. Includes rocks defined modally in QAPF field 10 as anorthosite.
Igneous rock that contains more than 60 percent feldspathoid minerals, with M < 90, irrespective of grain
size. Equivalent to foidolite of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig
2.10 (p. 29) or to foiditoid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig
2.19 (p. 39), without denotation of field classification;
includes foiditic rock and foidolite of GeoSciML lithology vocabulary.
Igneous rock that contains greater than 60 percent
quartz, fine and coarse grained varieties not differentiated.
Exceptionally coarse grained crystalline rock with interlocking crystals; most grains are 1cm or more diameter;
composition is generally that of granite, but the term
may refer to the coarse grained facies of any type of
igneous rock;usually found as irregular dikes, lenses, or
veins associated with plutons or batholiths.
An igneous rock of any composition that contains conspicuous phenocrysts. Denotes bimodal grain size (phenocrysts and groundmass) distribution, but not any specific size of phenocrysts or groundmass.
Dark colored gabbroic (basaltic) or dioritic (andesitic)
rock intermediate in grain size between basalt and gabbro and composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende,
and opaque minerals; often with ophitic texture. Typically occurs as hypabyssal intrusions. Includes dolerite,
microdiorite, diabase and microgabbro.
9faf9e53-71a9-4d7aa19c-c1f221508306
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0004~
a61dc43f-6919-4a99a21f-ad1ceea3a927
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0005~
efec1952-8991-4787838e-90d67cc2edbf
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0006~
cd2b816d-0d0b4e22-8040b78f400bd5c3
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0007~
abc03f23-6987-461c9883-dba09941c342
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0008~
b36a41b8-75704e46-995b96dd03f6fac2
af03d7dc-add7-4db78e00-1c20c8a36cb6
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0009~
91ef42b1-054b-451c9e63-d45fe43597a7
~0000~0004~0001
~0004~
a4e313a9-e6f6-42158190-668d8f2aa610
~0000~0004~0001
~0005~
Foid dioritic rock
Foid syenitic rock
Anorthositic rock
Feldspathoid-rich
igneous rock
Quartz rich phaneritic igneous rock
Pegmatite
Porphyry
Doleritic rock
~0000~0004~0001
~0003~0010~
9
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Fine-grained igneous rock
Aphanitic or porphyritic igneous rock composed of
greater than 10 percent groundmass, in which most of
the crystals cannot be distinguished with the unaided
eye; grain-size is typically less than 1mm. Igneous rocks
with exotic composition are excluded from this concept.
Fine grained crystalline rock, usually porphyritic, consisting of plagioclase (frequently zoned from labradorite
to oligoclase), pyroxene, hornblende and/or biotite; color index M less than 35. Includes rocks defined modally
in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field O2
as andesite. Fine grained equivalent of dioritic rock.
Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock of generally
intermediate composition in which P/(A + P) is greater
than 65, Q is between 20 and 60 percent, and M is less
than 90. Plagioclase is the principal discernible feldspar,
quartz is present, olivine is generally absent as a mafic
phenocryst, and biotite and hornblende are common
mafic phenocrysts. Concept corresponds to dacitoid of
LeMaitre et al (2002), p39, Fig 2.9, without denoting the
categorization process. Includes rocks defined modally
in QAPF fields 4 and 5 or chemically in TAS Field O3.
Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock defined in the
QAPF diagram as having Q/(Q+A+P) less than 20 or
F/(F+A+P) less than 10 percent, and A/(P+A) greater
than 65. A fine-grained or porphyritic crystalline rock
having alkali feldspar and minor mafic minerals (typically amphibole or mica) as the main components; typically porphyritic. Concept corresponds to trachytoid of
LeMaitre et al 2002, p39, Fig 2.9, without denoting the
categorization process. Includes rocks defined modally
in QAPF fields 6, 7 and 8 or chemically in TAS Field T
as trachyte or latite.
A fine-grained or porphyritic crystalline igneous rock
defined in the QAPF diagram as having M less than 90,
Q/(Q+A+P) between 20 and 60, and P/(P+A) less than
65. Equivalent to rhyolitoid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig
2.19 (p. 39), without denotation of field classification.
Fine-grained igneous rock in which F/(F+A+P) is between 10 and 60 percent feldspathoid, and P/(A+P) is
less than 50 percent. Equivalent to phonolitoid of LeMaitre et al (2002) Fig 2.19 (p. 39), without denotation
of field classification. Includes rocks defined modally in
QAPF fields 11 and 12, and TAS field Ph.
Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock with less than
20 percent quartz, and less than 10 percent feldspathoid
minerals, in which the ratio of plagioclase to alkali feldspar is greater than 66 percent, and the color index is
greater than 35. Typically composed of calcic plagioclase and clinopyroxene; phenocrysts typically include
one or more of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine. Includes rocks defined modally
in QAPF fields 9 and 10 or chemically in TAS field B as
basalt.
914b8e6d-b23749de-be5033274e87471f
~0000~0004~0001
~0006~
62db8db4-473946f7-9e282551b0d3f5ec
~0000~0004~0001
~0006~0000~
a027a1bf-eb7b-4adf83f4-dab9f2d7fa0d
~0000~0004~0001
~0006~0001~
bb1dcb8b-e6e6-410a8500-308c9be3df60
~0000~0004~0001
~0006~0002~
a3c8e764-2814-4f43a3d8-1269c0a4e394
~0000~0004~0001
~0006~0003~
19506597-a45147e6-868acaabd7e6d3e6
~0000~0004~0001
~0006~0004~
73777cc1-195841d2-8d79e30eb324dec2
~0000~0004~0001
~0006~0005~
Andesitic rock
Dacitic rock
Trachytic rock
Rhyolitic rock
Phonolitic rock
Basaltic rock
1
0
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Tephritic rock
Fine-grained or porphyritic igneous rock in which M is
less than 90, F/(F+A+P) is between 10 and 60 percent,
and P/(P+A) is greater than 50. Includes rocks classified
as basanite or tephrite. Concept corresponds to tephritoid of LeMaitre et al 2002, p39, Fig 2.9, without denoting the categorization process. Includes rocks classified in QAPF field 14 or chemically in TAS field U1 as
basanite or tephrite.
Igneous rock consisting of more than 63 percent SiO2.
d1989b2d-ac834b43-ac49ac97de0c5d17
~0000~0004~0001
~0006~0006~
8430fcdd-1415-49498410-c29cf81bca4e
d00c48d1-057a-4cf99dfa-0cccf81bcab3
~0000~0004~0001
~0007~
~0000~0004~0001
~0008~
1c8f02f7-1c6a-4b7da2ee-2bc1f81bcab2
80d03454-68984a42-8deaa32b3541ca49
5e92b02c-28a3-48f4b9b0-5d98fab4895c
~0000~0004~0001
~0009~
~0000~0004~0001
~0010~
b4c5056d-f93e-45f2b880-1ce87b21c389
~0000~0004~0001
~0010~0001~
2dfa86ae-c7ef-4b95a0b4-c81d8be35588
~0000~0004~0001
~0010~0002~
9ccb458b-7d3646cd-a7fa389714d6fe75
~0000~0004~0001
~0010~0003~
Acidic igneous
rock
Intermediate composition igneous
rock
Basic igneous rock
Igneous rock with SiO2 between 52 and 63 percent.
Igneous rock with SiO2 between 45 and 52 percent.
Ultrabasic igneous
rock
Igneous rock with SiO2 less than 45 percent.
Hornblendite
Ultramafic rock in which ol/(ol + px + hbl) is less than
40, and px/(hb + px) is less than 50 percent. Category
includes all hornblendite varieties olivine hornblendite,
olivine-pyroxene hornblendite, pyroxene hornblendite,
and hornblendite) in the IUGS classification
Ultramafic rock in which ol/(ol + px + hbl) is less than
40, and px/(hb + px) is greater than 50 percent. Category
includes all pyroxenite varieties: olivine pyroxenite,
olivine-hornblende pyroxenite, pyroxenite, orthopyroxenite, clinopyroxenite and websterite. Follows criteria
laid out in Fig. 16 of Gillespie and Styles (1999) for
pyroxenite.
Ultramafic extrusive rock crystallized from high temperature magmas with 18-32 percent MgO and TiO2
less than 1 percent; they often form pillows and have
chilled flow-tops and usually have well-developed spinifex textures, with intergrown skeletal and bladed olivine
and pyroxene crystals set in abundant glass.
Ultramafic rock with ol/(ol+opx+cpx) greater than 40
percent, ol/(ol+px+hbld) greater than 40 percent (LeMaitre et al. 2002 p. 28), and less than 10 modal percent
melilite. A general term for a coarse-grained igneous
rock composed chiefly of olivine with or without other
mafic minerals, and containing little or no feldspar. Alteration to serpentinite is common. Includes rocks defined modally in the ultramafic rock classification as
dunite, harzburgite, lherzolite, wehrlite, olivinite, pyroxene peridotite, pyroxene hornblende peridotite or hornblende peridotite.
Pyroxenite
Komatiitic rock
Peridotite
~0000~0004~0001
~0010~0000~
1
1
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Metamorphic rock
Rock formed by geological modification of pre-existing
rocks outside the realm of igneous and sedimentary processes. Includes rocks formed by impact metamorphism,
thermal metamorphism, dynamothermal metamorphism,
, metasomatism and hydrothermal alteration (diagenesis
is a sedimentary process in this context) [and how is
diagenesis distinguished from dynamothermal metamorphism?].
[PROMOTE FOLLOWING METAMORPHIC
ROCKS UP ONE LEVEL AND RENUMBER]
Metamorphic rock that is pervasively heterogeneous on
a hand specimen to outcrop [or decimeter to meter]
scale that typically consists of darker and lighter parts;
the darker parts usually exhibit features of metamorphic
rocks whereas the lighter parts are of igneous appearance and composition.
Fine-grained metamorphic rock composed of a mosaic
of equidimensional grains in a characteristically granoblastic or decussate matrix; porphyroblasts or relict phenocrysts may be present. Typically formed by contact
metamorphism.
Phaneritic metamorphic rock with granoblastic fabric
and very little or no foliation (less than 10 percent of the
mineral grains in the rock are elements in a planar or
linear fabric).
Metamorphic rock in which 10 percent or more of the
contained mineral grains are elements in a planar or linear fabric. Does not include rocks with cataclastic or
glassy character. [Rocks with linear fabric are not foliated. Find another name--”Metamorphic rock with directional fabric”?]
Metamorphic rock with well developed, continuous
schistosity, meaining that greater than 50 percent of
mineral grains with a tabular, lamellar, or prismatic
crystallographic habit that are oriented in a continuous
planar or linear fabric. Average grain size greater than
0.5 mm. May have any mineralogy or composition.
[Does this mean that 50%+ of minerals are tabular etc.,
or that 50%+ of tabular etc. minerals are oriented?]
Rock with average grain size less than 0.032 millimeter,
that has a well developed foliation (slaty cleavage), and
hence can be split into slabs or thin plates.
Rock with a well developed, continuous foliation, an
average grain size greater than 0.1 and less than 0.5 millimeter, and a silvery sheen on cleavage surfaces. Individual phyllosilicate grains are just barely visible. Rock
becomes schist when individual phyllosilicate grains are
easily visible with unaided eye, and slate when is too
fine-grained to discern constituent particles. [And if this
rule gives a different answer than the measured average
grain size? What if there are no phyllosilicate minerals?
Suggest eliminating numerical grain size criteria in these
3 definitions.]
3f53004a-2275-4c79be7a-4b16d5be4495
~0000~0004~0002
~
da79dfd7-3f23-448fb8ae-b033f4712a6b
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0000~
d567e3cb-d17e-45fabab0-29929f05e141
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0001~
1045a6e3-c6bf-455db677-85f58b53f12c
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0002~
d203205a-c1a3403d-8407160bf8873563
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0003~
b0a8428d-dc17403b-8a8d0d2d509390ae
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0003~0000
~
475f2ef8-1710-4750939d-56b67a29db67
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0003~0001
~
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0003~0002
~
Migmatite
Hornfels
Granofels
Foliated metamorphic rock
Schist
Slate
Phyllite
92164251-0caf-44f8a13a-f39afaf84d0c
1
2
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Mylonitic rock
Foliated metamorphic rock formed by ductile shearing;
may have anastomosing foliation, S-C fabrics, ribbons,
rounded porphyroclasts, stretching lineation; greater
than 10 percent of rock is fine-grained matrix caused by
tectonic grainsize reduction. [Most mylonites I have
seen don't have anastomosing foliation or S-C fabrics;
these are typically present in rocks that have very low
volume % fin-grained matrix. “Tectonic grain-size reduction” is a pretty fuzzy—useless?--notion.] Category
includes protomylonite, mylonite and ultramylonite
A non mylonitic foliated metamorphic rock that does
not have well developed, continuous schistosity. NADM
SLTTm (2002) defines well developed schistosity to
mean that greater than 50 percent of the rock consists of
mineral grains with a tabular, lamellar, or prismatic
crystallographic habit that are oriented in a continuous
planar or linear fabric. {By SLTT definition,a gneiss
with a plagioclase grain-shape fabric (rotation of phenocrysts without recrystallization) has schistosity. This is
wrong] IUGS simply states a weak preferred orientation
of inequant mineral grains or grain aggregates produced
by metamorphic processes. [Better. But the distinction
between gneiss and schist is fundamentally mineralogic.] [Re-order above definitions: slate, phyllite, schist,
gneiss, mylonitic rock]
abstract node for rock types defined based on mineralogy
081488ff-2abe-4c1b97a4-316908f9c08f
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0003~0003
~
c90321d3-7efb-4171baab-e7098b1bfb31
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0003~0004
~
99999999-99999999-9999999999999999
4f6365ab-e3c4-4ef29360-b3603441cac2
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0004~
Gneiss
Mineralogically
defined metamorphic rocks
Quartzite
Serpentinite
Eclogite
Amphibolite
Greenschist
Greenstone
Marble
Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than or equal to
75 percent quartz; typically has granoblastic texture.
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0004~0000
~
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0004~0001
~
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0004~0002
~
Rock consisting of greater than 75 percent serpentinegroup minerals, eg. antigorite, chrysotile or lizardite;
accessory chlorite, talc and magnetite may be present.
Metamorphic rock composed of 75 percent or more (by
volume) omphacite and garnet, both of which are present as major constituents, the amount of neither of them
being higher than 75 percent (by volume); the presence
of plagioclase precludes classification as an eclogite.
Metamorphic rock mainly consisting of green, brown or
black amphibole and plagioclase (including albite),
which combined form 75 percent or more of the rock,
and both of which are present as major constituents. The
amphibole constitutes 50 percent or more of the total
mafic constituents and is present in an amount of 30
percent or more [So greenschists are amphibolites?
Eskola is rolling in his grave.]
a3aeb462-760d-40a6951a-d3c13dd12863
f0f84377-d884-46f79cbd-7e42f3c14769
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0004~0003
~
Metamorphic rock consisting of greater than 75 percent
fine- to coarse-grained recrystallized carbonate minerals
(typically calcite or dolomite); usually with a granoblastic texture.
e9ca88f4-87f2-44288f02-21acad7922da
~0000~0004~0002
~0001~0004~0004
~
0cc89cda-3887-4ce58182-da00b1c36850
1
3
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Sedimentary rock
Rock formed by accumulation and cementation of solid
fragmental material deposited by air, water or ice, or as
a result of chemical processes, such as precipitation
from solution, the accumulation of organic material, or
from biogenic processes, including secretion by organisms.
Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the
constituent particles were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting of pre-existing earth materials,
and transported to the place of deposition by mechanical
agents such as water, wind, ice and gravity.
Clastic sedimentary rock consisting of less than 25 percent gravel-size clasts with a mud to sand ratio greater
than 1. Equivalent to mudrock of SLTTs.
A mudstone (mudrock of SLTTs) that will part or to
break along thin, closely spaced layers parallel to stratification.
Clastic sedimentary rock in which less than 25 percent
of particles are greater than 2 mm in diameter (gravel)
and the sand to mud ratio is at least 1. Equivalent to
sandy rock of SLTTs (2005)
Coarse grained sedimentary rock composed of at least
30 percent rounded to subangular fragments larger than
2 mm in diameter; typically contains finer grained material in interstices between larger fragments.
Clastic sedimentary rock that contains 15 to 75 percent
matrix (undiscernible mud-size material) of unspecified
or diagenetic origin. Distinguish from diamictite because origin of mud-size material in diamictite is primary sediment.
Non sorted or poorly sorted terrigenous sedimentary
rock that consists of sand and /or larger particles in a
muddy matrix. Size distribution is commonly bimodal
or polymodal, with one or more modes in the coarsegrain range and one or more in the silt-clay size range.
Biogenic materials that have such texture are excluded.
Distinguished from conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone
based on depositional fabric and structures that indicate
genesis by glacier-related processes, sediment gravity
flow, or explosive processes indicated by chaotic mixing
of clast sizes, mud-matrix enclosing larger clasts, and
lack of structures related to transport and deposition of
sediment by moving air or water. Distinguished from
clastic wackestone based on interpretation that muddy
matrix material is of primary sedimentary origin. Meant
to be synonomous with CGI GeoSciML diamictite, but
with more explicit definition.
Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the
primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed
of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin.
2136c9e3-1610-4c4a9377-6fb15e575195
~0000~0004~0003
~
ea9fafa6-74fa-4b8a815c-2885b8bf4b51
~0000~0004~0003
~0000~
6bda66dc-7b67-4e4a8386-5cc31fda9f91
~0000~0004~0003
~0000~0000~
f8849126-259c-4125af0d-c43ba47bd995
ef7d1c9c-f47a-44f1b339-0cbf06af5fa1
~0000~0004~0003
~0000~0000~0000
~
~0000~0004~0003
~0000~0001~
8645afa7-d66a-46ed8194-a3685f6ec4e9
~0000~0004~0003
~0000~0002~
682c5faf-af4d-4220804c-58953541ca88
~0000~0004~0003
~0000~0003~
415797be-6aa84684-a29ab5e62841ca32
~0000~0004~0003
~0000~0004~
363f58b2-f41b-4bcb88ee-848287d4fb46
~0000~0004~0003
~0001~
Clastic sedimentary
rock
Mudstone
Shale
Sandstone
Conglomerate
Wackestone
Diamictite
Carbonate sedimentary rock
1
4
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Calcareous carbonate sedimentary
rock
Dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary
rock
Carbonate rocks
defined by depositional fabric
Carbonate boundstone
Carbonate sedimentary rock with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes limestone and dolomitic limestone.
Carbonate sedimentary rock with a ratio of magnesium
carbonate to calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1.
Includes dolostone, lime dolostone and magnesite-stone.
based on Dunham classification
66522d0a-65e9476b-b8fe7b44e4ebd844
d1ec177a-b23f-44d58daa-467c93a0b52a
~0000~0004~0003
~0001~0000~
99999999-99999999-9999999999999999
ac4229a8-3d03-4c15b0cf-2c5d5e14fefb
~0000~0004~0003
~0001~0002~
2e64bd07-c40c-4ddf81e5-43fe4c325d9f
~0000~0004~0003
~0001~0002~0001
~
61b0dc7a-d16b421b-a50f1448599ca917
e7ec4ed4-bb25-458a9865-a0f7c9d532a9
30b10849-2c6445dc-9ed4fd2c1b61f084
~0000~0004~0003
~0001~0002~0002
~
~0000~0004~0003
~0001~0002~0003
~
~0000~0004~0003
~0001~0002~0004
~
13c741c3-ba4b47d1-92d6ee292d41cae2
~0000~0004~0003
~0001~0002~0005
~
a51e3f77-5525-41e99436-d7c24093e566
cfca4561-d8e0-4d6ab70c-4f25a12b9302
~0000~0004~0003
~0001~0002~0006
~
~0000~0004~0003
~0002~
59ae0808-77cc-42ca9e6b-2728ac3c38dd
~0000~0004~0003
~0002~0000~
9efb0d1b-8596-404b90bf-3f4ffeff52e1
~0000~0004~0003
~0003~
Carbonate mudstone
Grainstone
Packstone
Crystalline carbonate
Framestone
Carbonate wackestone
Organic rich sedimentary rock
Coal
Chert
Sedimentary carbonate rock with preserved biogenic
texture, whose original components were bound and
encrusted together during deposition by the action of
plants and animals during deposition, and remained substantially in the position of growth.
carbonate sedimentary rock with recognizable depositional texture and matrix supported fabric, in which
more than 75 percent of original sedimentary grains are
mud-sized (32 microns)
Carbonate rock with grain supported depositional fabric
and contains little or no (less than 1 percent) originally
mud-sized particles.
Carbonate sedimentary rock with discernible grain supported depositional texture, containing greater than 10
percent grains; intergranular spaces are filled by matrix.
Carbonate rock of indeterminate mineralogy in which
diagenetic processes have obliterated any original depositional texture. Sparstone and microsparstone of Hallsworth and Knox (1999)
Carbonate reef rock consisting of a rigid framework of
colonies, shells or skeletons, with internal cavities filled
with fine sediment; usually created through the activities
of colonial organisms.
Carbonate rock with preserved depositional fabric that is
mud-supported, and rock contains greater than 10 percent allochems (NADM SLTTs 2004)
Sedimentary rock with color, composition, texture and
apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis.
Hard, black, organic rich sedimentary rock that yields
greater than 8,300 Btu on a moist, mineral-matter-free
basis, or contains greater than 69 percent fixed carbon
on a dry, mineral-matter-free basis; formed from the
compaction or induration of variously altered plant remains similar to those of peaty deposits.
Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent
silicate mineral material, deposited directly by chemical
or biological processes at the depositional surface, or in
particles formed by chemical or biological processes
within the basin of deposition.
~0000~0004~0003
~0001~0001~
~0000~0004~0003
~0001~0002~0000
~
1
5
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Biogenic silica
sedimentary rock
[Is this needed?]
Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent
silicate mineral material deposited directly by biological
processes at the depositional surface, or in particles
formed by biological processes within the basin of deposition.
Sedimentary rock that consists of at least 50 percent (by
volume) iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite,
limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by
hand-lens or petrographic analysis; corresponds with a
rock typically containing at least 15 percent iron by
weight.
Sedimentary rock in which at least 50 percent of the
primary or recrystallized constituents are phosphate
minerals.
Sedimentary rock composed of at least 50 percent noncarbonate (chloride, sulfate, or borate ) salts.
Earth material formed as a result of igneous processes,
eg. intrusion and cooling of magma in the crust, volcanic eruption.
Igneous material consisting of more than 63 percent
SiO2.
177185c0-d66944bc-ab8518262741ca69
~0000~0004~0003
~0003~0000~
6cf9e6ca-7b11-449c9241-848a0a578294
~0000~0004~0003
~0004~
b4bce0cf-ffe1-4160af8e-f85dfa77605c
~0000~0004~0003
~0005~
b01687cf-ecaf-4a539645-b8121b465ff4
6eebe149-b2d64129-bacf8a5d67983cd2
870a3036-3a744d9a-a06c1d4ef81bca74
7d0cec38-4557-4c94b7c3-da5ff81bcab3
30688838-2690445e-981b9373f81bca23
a6f98646-0eee-4d5c801f-fbad2c41caa6
~0000~0006~0006
~
~0000~0005~
4f8f30d7-5c62-49ffa23f-1fd63341ca03
~0000~0005~0003
~0000~
e4b360f5-5dff-49e5a6f2-892ef63ebc5e
~0000~0006~
af0e7fbb-f257-4f2f96e8-3a0b38c385b7
~0000~0006~0000
~
Iron rich sedimentary rock
Phosphorite
Evaporite
Igneous material
Acidic igneous
material
Basic igneous material
Intermediate composition igneous
material
Fragmental igneous
material
Pyroclastic material
Sedimentary material
Clastic sedimentary
material
Igneous material with SiO2 between 45 and 52 percent.
Igneous material with SiO2 between 52 and 63 percent.
Igneous material of unspecified consolidation state in
which greater than 75 percent of the rock consists of
fragments produced as a result of igneous rock-forming
process.
Material that consists of greater than 75 percent by volume of fragments produced as a direct result of volcanic
processes. Volcanic processes are those associated with
the extrusion of magma from within the earth onto its
surface. Includes pyroclastic rock of Gillespie & Styles
(1999) and LeMaitre et al. (2002). LeMaitre et al (2002)
explicitly exclude autobreccia related to lava flows. This
is rejected here because of the difficulty it would present
with fragmental deposits associated with silicic lava
flows or exogenous domes (e.g. block and ash deposits).
Autobreccia associated with lava flows is thus included
here as a kind of pyroclastic rock.
A material that is an aggregation of particles that have
sedimentary genesis; consolidation state is not specified;
subsumes sediment and sedimentary rock.
Sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state
in which at least 50 percent of the constituent particles
were derived from erosion, weathering, or mass-wasting
of pre-existing earth materials, and transported to the
place of deposition by mechanical agents such as water,
wind, ice and gravity.
~0000~0005~0000
~
~0000~0005~0001
~
~0000~0005~0002
~
~0000~0005~0003
~
1
6
DisplayName
Description
SysGUID in
Origin Table
Hierarchy Key
Organic rich sedimentary material
Sedimentary material with color, composition, texture
and apparent density indicating greater than 50 percent
organic content by weight on a moisture-free basis.
Sedimentary material in which at least 50 percent of the
primary and/or recrystallized constituents are phosphate
minerals.
Sedimentary material that consists of at least 50 percent
(by volume) iron-bearing minerals (hematite, magnetite,
limonite-group, siderite, iron-sulfides), as determined by
hand-lens or petrographic analysis; corresponds with a
rock typically containing 15 percent iron by weight.
Sedimentary material in which at least 50 percent of the
primary and/or recrystallized constituents are composed
of one (or more) of the carbonate minerals calcite, aragonite and dolomite, in particles of intrabasinal origin.
Carbonate sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation state with a calcite (plus aragonite) to dolomite
ratio greater than 1 to 1. Includes lime-sediments, limestone and dolomitic limestone.
Carbonate sedimentary material of unspecified consolidation degree with a ratio of magnesium carbonate to
calcite (plus aragonite) greater than 1 to 1. Includes dolomite sediment, dolostone, lime dolostone and magnesite-stone.
d267cd52-ad32-4adfabd5-076cc373bfda
~0000~0006~0001
~
cec5f5cf-9ed2-4c7bab7b-d7d6e7aef836
~0000~0006~0002
~
9e8e920e-fd26-482aaf4d-9d3384735472
~0000~0006~0003
~
c17c5d90-55214035-b2f7976f97024543
~0000~0006~0004
~
2df15c18-3f26-490b9098-85952641ca79
~0000~0006~0004
~0000~
c068f912-98e4-48d093d6-93ea2b41cae7
~0000~0006~0004
~0001~
Material known to have artificial (human-related)
origin; insufficient information to classify in more detail.
78cd73b9-de9d4398-979c60f72741ca8b
~0000~0007~
Phosphate rich sedimentary material
Iron rich sedimentary material
Carbonate sedimentary material
Calcareous carbonate sedimentary
material
Dolomitic or magnesian sedimentary
material
Anthropogenic
material
Compare and contrast with GeoSciML Simple Lithology categories



NGMDB does not include Foidite and Foidolite. These rocks, which consist of greater than 60
percent feldspathoid mineral, are distinguished in GeoSciML draft vocabulary by grain size
(phaneritic vs. fine-grained), following LeMaitre et al 2002. For NGMDB purposes, these very
weird and unusual rocks are not differentiated based on grain size—there is one category, Feldspathoid rich igneous rock, for any igneous rock with more that 60 percent modal feldspathoid.
NGMDB includes a generic NADM ‘compound material’ category.
NGMDB proposes subcategories for Tephra and Pyroclastic rock based on grain size with a subdivision at 25 modal percent fragments greater than 64 mm. GeoSciML draft proposes to subdivide Pyroclastic rocks at 75 percent fragments greater than 64 mm, and to subdivide Tephra
based on average grain size greater or less than 2 mm. The 25 percent boundary is favored based
on the idea that 1) the presence of a significant modal fraction of block/bomb size clasts is easier
to determine; 2) this criteria more evenly divides the pyroclastic rock/Tephra category; 3) the
presence of blocks/bombs is more significant in terms of proximity to source, and for young deposits, the assessment of potential hazard; 4) consistent criteria should be used for Pyroclastic
rock and Tephra. This difference must be resolved in order to allow unambiguous mapping between vocabularies
1
7


NGMDB includes Rock formed in surficial environment, Weathered rock, and Residual Material
categories to allow composition description of units that are mapped/defined based on presence
of these sorts of materials. GeoSciML did not include based on argument that protolith/precursor
terms should be used. This produces a fundamental incompatibility in that composition by one of
these categories would have to map to GeoSciML Unconsolidated material, which may not be a
very accurate mapping.
GeoSciML draft includes phyllonite. NGMDB does not include because this is viewed as an unusual rock type that is sufficiently represented by the Mylonitic rock or Phyllite category.
References
ASTM, 2002, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Petroleum Products, Lubricants, and Fossil Fuels:
American Society of Testing Materials, 522 p.
CGI Simple Lithology vocabulary, in review 2008, Draft vocabularies for GeoSciML Web services.
Available at https://www.seegrid.csiro.au/twiki/bin/view/CGIModel/ConceptDefinitionsTG
Dunham, R. J., 1962, Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. In: Ham, W. E.
(ed.), Classification of carbonate rocks: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, p.
108-121.
Taylor, Graham, and Eggleton, R.A., 2001, Regolith Geology and Geomorphology: Nature and Process:
New York, John Wiley and Sons, 375 p.
Fettes, Douglas, and Desmons, Jacqueline, eds., 2007 Metamorphic Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK,. ISBN 13.9780521868105.
Flint, R.F., Sanders, J.E., and Rodgers, J., 1960. Diamictite, a substitute term for symmictite: Geological
Society of America Bulletin, vol. 71, p. 1809.
Folk, R. L., 1954, The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary-rock nomenclature: Journal of Geology, v. 62, p. 344-359
Folk, R. L., 1968, Petrology of sedimentary rocks: Austin, Texas, Hemphill’s Bookstore, 170 p
Folk, R.L., 1980, Petrology of sedimentary rocks: Austin, Texas, Hemphill’s Bookstore, 170 p.
Gardenfors, Peter, 2000, Conceptual Spaces: The Geometry of Thought: Cambridge, Ma, The MIT
Press, 307 p.
Giles, J. R. A., Lowe, D. J., and Bain, K. A., 1997, Geological dictionaries--critical elements of every
geological database: Computers & Geosciences, v. 23, p. 621-626.
Gillespie, M. R., and Styles, M. T., 1999, BGS Rock Classification Scheme, Volume 1, Classification of
igneous rocks: British Geological Survey Research Report, (2nd edition), RR 99–06.
Hallsworth, C. R., and Knox, R. W. O’B., 1999, Classification of sediments and sedimentary rocks: v. 3
of the BGS rock classification scheme: British Geological Survey Research Report Number RR 99-03,
44 p.
Jackson, J. A., 1997, Glossary of geology, 4th ed.: Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute,
769 p.
LeMaitre, R. W. (ed.), Streckiesen, A., Zanettin, B., LeBas, M.J., Bonin, B., Bateman, P., Bellieni, G.,
Dudek, A., Efremova, S., Keller, J., Lameyre, J., Sabine, P. A., Schmid, R., Sorensen, H., and Woolley, A. R., 2002, Igneous Rocks, A classification and Glossary of terms: Cambridge, U.K., Cambridge
University Press, 236 p.
Marshak, S., and Mitra, G., 1988. Basic Methods of Structural Geology: Englewood Cliffs (PrenticeHall).
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McMillan, A.A., and Powell, J.H., 1999, BGS Rock Classification Scheme Volume 4--Classification of
artificial (man-made) ground and natural superficial deposits applications to geological maps and datasets in the UK: Keyworth, UK, British Geological Survey Research Report, RR 99–04.
North American Geologic Map Data Model Steering Committee Science Language Technical Team
(SLTT), 2004, Report on Progress to Develop a North American Science-Language Standard for Digital Geologic-Map Databases, in D.R. Soller, ed., Digital Mapping Techniques '04— Workshop Proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004–1451, accessed at
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/nadm/ (includes all science language documents).
North American Geologic Map Data Model Steering Committee (NADMC1), 2004, NADM Conceptual
Model 1.0, A Conceptual Model For Geologic Map Information: Geological Survey Of Canada, Open
File 4737, 1 CD-Rom, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1334, 58 p., accessed at
Http://Pubs.Usgs.Gov/Of/2004/1334.
North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team (NADM SLTTs), 2004a,
Sedimentary materials: science language for their classification, description, and interpretation in digital geologic-map databases, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
2004–1451 appendix C, 595 p., accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/nadm/.
North American Geologic-map Data Model Science Language Technical Team (NADM SLTTm),
2004b, Classification of metamorphic and other composite-genesis rocks, including hydrothermally altered, impact-metamorphic, mylonitic, and cataclastic rocks, Version 1.0 (12/18/2004): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004–1451 appendix B, 56 p., accessed at
http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1451/nadm/.
Neuendorf, K.K.E., Mehl Jr., J.P., and Jackson, J.A., Eds., 2005, Glossary of Geology, Fifth Edition:
Alexandria, VA, American Geological Institute, 779 p.
Pettijohn, F.J., Potter, P.E., and Siever, R., 1987, Sand and sandstone, Second Edition: New York,
Springer-Verlag, 553 p., ISBN 0387963502, 9780387963501.
Schmid, R., 1981. Descriptive nomenclature and classification of pyroclastic deposits and fragments:
Recommendations of the International Union of Geological Sciences Subcommission on the Systematics of Igneous Rocks: Geology, Vol. 9, p. 41-43.
Schopf, J.M., 1956, A definition of coal: Economic Geology, v. 51, p. 521-527.
Soller, D. R., and Berg, T. M., 2003, The National Geologic Map Database: Overview and Progress, in
Soller, David R., ed., Digital Mapping Techniques ‘03—Workshop Proceedings, U. S. Geological
Survey Open-File Report 03-471, p. 57-78, accessed at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03471/soller1/index.html .
Stöffler, D., and Grieve, R.A.F., 2001, IUGS classification and nomenclature of impact metamorphic
rocks: Towards a final proposal [indexed as: Towards a unified nomenclature of metamorphism:
IUGS classification and nomenclature of impact metamorphic rocks. A proposal on behalf of the
IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks, Web version of 14.01.2001]: 3 p.,
available online at http://www.bgs.ac.uk/SCMR
Streckeisen, A., 1976, To each plutonic rock its proper name: Earth Science Reviews, Vol. 12, 1–33.
Suggested re-grouping of metamorphic rocks
Metamorphic rocks
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Metamorphic rocks characterized by grain-size reduction
breccia-gouge series
cataclasite series (might omit this category?)
mylonite series
impact-metamorphic rock (are these significant enough, worldwide, to merit a separate category? Or should they be lumped with the breccia-gouge and/or catacalasite series?)
Metamorphic rocks without preferred orientation
hornfels
granofels
Metamorphic rocks with preferred orientation
Fine-grained
slate
phyllite
greenstone (new. Spilite, keratophyre, and lots of other rocks with significant CaFe-Mg that get called greenstone for lack of visible texture to define protolith, fine grain size that makes it difficult to estimate bulk composition and metamorphic
grade, and plagioclase that is commonly recrystallized to albite, thus the rocks are
not properly classifiable as igneous rocks.)
serpentinite
Coarse-grained
schist
gneiss
migmatite
greenschist (new. If amphibolite is a needed category, then include greenschist also)
amphibolite
eclogite
quartzite
marble
2
0