Download Nervous System: concussion: a temporary disturbance of the brain`s

IKE’S HEALTH EXAM SHEET FOR SEMESTER #2
Nervous System: concussion: a temporary disturbance of the brain’s ability to
function, most mild and common type of brain injury. neuron: nerve cells. CNS: the
Central Nervous System, it receives electrical impulses from the PNS, and analyzes
this information and initiates this response. reflex: a spontaneous response to a
stimulus. brain stem: 3-inch long stalk of nerve cells and fibers that connects the
spinal cord to the rest of the brain. contusion: a bruise on the brain, which may
cause swelling of the brain. A severe contusion can result in a coma. cerebellum:
the second largest part of the brain. cerebrum: the largest, most complex part of
the brain. PNS: the peripheral nervous system, consists of nerves that fan out from
the central nervous system to the muscles, skin, internal organs, and glands. The
PNS carries messages between the CNS and the rest of the body. “fight or flight”
response: the readiness to stand your ground and “fight” a stressor or “take
flight” and escape. dendrite: branching projections of the cell body. They receive
and carry impulses toward the cell body. axon: the one threadlike extension called
an axon that carries impulses away from the cell body. An axon branches at its
ends. cell body: the cell body consists of a nucleus – the control center of the
cell – in a sack of fluid contained within an outer skin called the cell membrane.
The nucleus receives and sends nerve impulses. It also regulates the amount and
types of proteins made in the cell. degenerative disease: a breakdown or
deterioration of the function or structure of the nervous system. 2 Types of
Degenerative Diseases Are: 1) Parkinson’s disease: this is a progressive disorder,
meaning that it gradually involves more and more nerves. The result is
uncoordinated muscular movement. 2) Alzheimer’s disease: this causes general mental
deterioration. Patients gradually lose their memory and powers of judgment. Speech
and body coordination may also be affected. 2 Ways to Care for the Nervous System:
1) regular exercise 2) proper nutrition 3) avoid using alcohol and other drugs The
Lobes of the Brain: 1) the frontal lobe – controls voluntary movements and also has
a role in the use of language. 2) the parietal lobe – involved with a wide variety
of sensory information: heat, cold, pain, touch, and body position in space. 3) the
occipital lobe – contains the sense of vision 4) the temporal lobe – contains the
senses of hearing and smell as well as memory, thought, and judgment. The Order and
Number of Spinal Nerves: -12 pairs of cranial nerves –8 pairs of cervical nerves –
12 pairs of thoracic nerves –5 pairs of lumbar nerves –5 pairs of sacral nerves –1
pair of coccygeal nerves
The Heart: blood: the fluid that transports all of the substances that your body
needs to sustain life. Blood delivers oxygen, hormones, and nutrients to the cells
and carries away wastes that the cells produce hemoglobin: the oxygen carrying part
of the blood artery: the vessels that carry blood away from the heart vein: the
vessels that return deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the body’s organs and
tissues. platelet: the cells that prevent the body’s loss of blood. blood pressure:
the force of blood in the main arteries capillaries: the vessels that carry blood
between arterioles and small vessels called venules plasma: the fluid in which the
other parts of blood are suspended. WBC: white blood cells, the principal role of
white blood cells is to protect the body against infection and to fight infection
when it occurs RBC: red blood cells, they carry oxygen from the lungs to the body
tissues, where the oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide. Blood Flow Through the
Heart: 1)vena cava 2)right atrium 3)tricuspid valve 4)right ventricle 5)pulmonary
valve 6)pulmonary artery 7)lungs 8)pulmonary veins 9)left atrium 10)mitral valve
11)left ventricle 12)aortic valve 13)aorta 14)to rest of body 2 Circulatory
Problems: 1) anemia - a condition in which the concentration of hemoglobin in the
blood is below normal levels. Less oxygen for cells. 2) hemophilia - an inherited
bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of a blood protein (called factor VIII)
that is essential to the process of blood clotting.
Life Cycle: APGAR: Appearance or coloring, Pulse, Grimace or reflex action,
Activity, Respiration. miscarriage: a spontaneous abortion embryo: cluster of
developing cells following implantation. developmental tasks: something that needs
to occur during a particular stage for a person to continue his or her growth
toward becoming a healthy, mature adult. 4 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT: Infancy (0-18
months), developing trust, weight tripled, height doubled, explore environment,
learn to interact. Early Childhood (2-3 years), increase vocabulary, make
sentences, control elimination of body wastes, proud of accomplishments. Childhood
(4-5 years), initiate play activities, physical abilities develop, copy what adults
do. Late Childhood (6-11 years), enter school, reading/writing/calculation, develop
conscience, get along with peers, new physical skills. 2 GENETIC DISORDERS: Sickle
Cell anemia: red blood cells are shaped like sickles, and clump together,
obstructing blood flow. Tay-Sachs disease: affects 1 in 3600 Americans, destruction
of nervous system is caused, blindness, paralysis, maybe death too. 3 STAGES OF
BIRTH: Dilation, stretching of cervix, a.k.a. labor. Passage of baby through the
birth canal: this is caused by continuing contractions that shorten the uterus.
Afterbirth: once the baby is born, contractions continue for another 10-15 minutes,
pushing out the placenta, now called the afterbirth, out of the mother. 3 FACTS
FOR GOOD PRENATAL CARE: Regular visits with a midwife or doctor, take in increased
amounts of nutrients, stay away from medicines, stay away from drugs.
STDs: silent epidemic: an outbreak of an infectious disease that affects a large
population and is not talked about or made widely aware of. abstinence: the choice
to not participate in sexual activities. Chlamydia: an infection caused by a
bacterium that affects the vagina in females and the urethra in males. Syphilis: an
STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a
spirochete. Herpes: blister like sores in the genital area 2 MYTHS, 2 FACTS: Myth:
you can get STDs only in you have lots of sexual partners. Fact: you can get an STD
from your first sexual experience. Myth: STDs can easily be cleared up with
antibiotics. Fact: some types of STDs are incurable and last a lifetime. 4 STAGES
OF SYPHILIS: Primary stage: the first sign of syphilis is a chancre, a painless,
reddish sore at the place where the pathogen enters the body, usually the genitals.
Appears within 10 – 90 days after contact with an infected person. Will eventually
go away disease remain in body. Secondary Stage: if not treated, the pathogen will
be circulated in the blood. 1 – 6 months after contraction, the highly contagious
second stage appears. Rash (non-itching), sores may develop, general cold symptoms.
Latent Stage: all signs disappear, happens 2-3 years after infection, no sign of
sickness. Neurosyphilis Stage: 10-30 years after infection. Nervous system is
affected. Causes insanity, paralysis and convulsion, treated, not cured.
RESPONSIBILITY OF PERSONS WITH STDS: take action to have disease treated, must
notify people the person has had sexual contact with.
CPR: Rescue Breathing: (1) *If the victim shows signs of circulation but is not
breathing... * Give 1 rescue breath – Tilt the head back and lift the chin to open
the airway. –Pinch the nose shut. –Take a breath and breathe slowly into the victim
until the chest clearly rises. (2) Continue to give 1 rescue breath about every 5
seconds –Do this for about 1 minute (12 breaths) (3) Recheck for signs of
circulation –Find the Adam’s apple and slide your fingers toward you and down into
the groove at the side of the neck. –Check for signs of circulation and breathing
for no more than 10 seconds. (4)*If there are signs of circulation but not
breathing...* Continue Rescue Breathing OR *If there are no signs of
circulation...* Go to CPR and Using an AED. CPR: (1) *If the victims shows no signs
of circulation...* Find hand position on breastbone. –Find notch at lower end of
the breastbone and place the heel of one hand next to and above this notch. –Place
your other hand on top. (2) Give 15 compressions. –Position the shoulders over the
hands. –Compress the chest about 2 inches deep. (3) Give 2 rescue breaths. –Tilt
the head back and lift the chin to open the airway. –Pinch the nose shut. –Take a
breath and breathe slowly into the victim. (4) Do about 3 more cycles of 15
compressions and 2 rescue breaths. (5) Recheck for signs of circulation. –Find the
Adam’s apple and slide your fingers toward you and down into the groove at the side
of the neck. –Check for signs of circulation for no more than 10 seconds. (6) *If
there are signs of circulation but no breathing...* Go to Rescue Breathing OR *If
there are no signs of circulation...* Continue CPR.