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Thermochemical Biomass Based Refinery Processes Thermochemical Biomass Based Refinery Processes Technological status & perspectives Presented at Biorefinica 2006 (11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück, Germany) Ir. Robin Zwart Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) ECN Biomass, Coal & Environmental research Content • • • • • Introduction on ECN Definition World wide status: 1st Generation (combined heat and power) 2nd Generation (combined heat, power, fuels and chemicals) 3rd Generation (optimized multi-product systems) Ongoing activities Conclusions (3) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl Energy research Centre of the Netherlands In the dunes of North Holland • Independent energy research institute • Founded in 1955 • 650 staff • Annual turnover: 80 million EURO • Activities: - Biomass, Coal & Environmental Research - Solar - Wind - Hydrogen & Clean Fossil Fuels - Energy Efficiency in the Industry - Energy in the Built Environment - Policy Studies (4) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl ECN in a glance Mission • ECN is the largest, independent, market oriented, and innovative Dutch energy research institute. • ECN focuses on the knowledge and information the government needs to develop and evaluate policy and achieve policy objectieves in the field of energy, the environment and technological innovation. • ECN partners industry in the development and implementation od product, processes and technologies important to the transition to sustainable energy management. • ECN closely works together with Dutch and foreign universities and research institutes and performs a bridging function with implementation by carrying out technological research. ECN develops high-quality knowledge and technology for the transition to a sustainable energy supply (5) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl Definition of “Thermochemical refinery” The general one… National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) (6) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl 1st Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Combustion for generation of heat, power… or even both Ralph E.H. Sims: The brilliance of bioenergy – In business and in practice (2002) (7) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl 1st Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Examples of combustion based generation of heat and power Integrated Biomass Utilisation System (IBUS), Skærbækværket (Dk) (8) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl 1st Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Advanced generation of heat and power Ralph E.H. Sims: The brilliance of bioenergy – In business and in practice (2002) (9) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl 1st Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Examples of advanced generation of heat and power (10) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl 2nd Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Advanced generation of heat, power, fuels and chemicals Transportation fuel synthesis Fischer-Tropsch diesel MeOH / DME Ethanol / mixed alcohols Hydrogen Electricity & Heat Biological Processes Combined Cycle Biosyngas H2O minerals (11) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück Gasification Pyrolysis ? www.ecn.nl Clean hydrogen-rich synthesis gas (CHRISGAS) 2nd generation example (http://www.chrisgas.com) Funded by the EC 6th Framework Programme and the Swedish Energy Agency. It runs for 5 years beginning 1st September 2004 (12) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl Sustainable energy system for transport (RENEW) 2nd generation example (http://www.renew-fuel.com) A pan-European project, supported under the European Commission’s 6th Framework Programme (13) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl Co-processing of upgraded bio-liquids in standard refinery units (BIOCOUP) 2nd generation example ([email protected]) BIOCOUP is an Integrated Project coordinated by VTT (Fi), involving 17 partners from 7 countries. It started on 1st May 2006 (14) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl 3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Optimization of thermochemical refinery… Electricity & Heat Transportation fuel synthesis Fischer-Tropsch diesel MeOH / DME ethanol / mixed alcohols hydrogen Biological Processes Combined Cycle Biosyngas Gaseous fuel CH4 / LNG Torrefaction H2O Cryogenic Cryogenic distillation distillation Base chemicals acetylene ethylene minerals H2O “OLGA” Tar removal unit Sulphur removal Aqueous scrubber Chemical industry, sequestering, oil industry (EOR), greenhouses (15) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Fertiliser (NH4)2SO4 Claus process elementary S Gasification NH4+ CO2 CO2 removal CO2 Fine chemicals formic acid acidic acid propionic acid Product Gas H2 CO CO2 H2O CH4 C2H2 & C2H4 BTX light tars heavy tars NH3 (HCN) H2S (COS) Impregnating regent heavy tars Solvents benzene toluene xylenes Fine chemicals light tars Irrigation / tap water H2O Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl 3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Bio-CHP as base case… Electricity & Heat Biological Processes Combined Cycle H2O minerals (16) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück Gasification www.ecn.nl 3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Products from bio-CHP… Electricity & Heat Biological Processes Combined Cycle CO2 H2O minerals Gasification NH4+ H2O “OLGA” Tar removal unit Aqueous scrubber Fertiliser (NH4)2SO4 Product Gas H2 CO CO2 H2O CH4 C2H2 & C2H4 BTX light tars heavy tars NH3 (HCN) H2S (COS) Impregnating regent heavy tars Solvents benzene toluene xylenes Fine chemicals light tars Irrigation / tap water H2O (17) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl 3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Upstream products from torrefaction… Electricity & Heat Biological Processes Combined Cycle CO2 Torrefaction Fine chemicals formic acid acidic acid propionic acid H2O minerals Gasification NH4+ H2O “OLGA” Tar removal unit Aqueous scrubber Fertiliser (NH4)2SO4 Product Gas H2 CO CO2 H2O CH4 C2H2 & C2H4 BTX light tars heavy tars NH3 (HCN) H2S (COS) Impregnating regent heavy tars Solvents benzene toluene xylenes Fine chemicals light tars Irrigation / tap water H2O (18) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl 3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Downstream products from gas conditioning… Electricity & Heat Biological Processes Combined Cycle CO2 Torrefaction Fine chemicals formic acid acidic acid propionic acid H2O minerals NH4+ CO2 H2O CO2 removal “OLGA” Tar removal unit Sulphur removal Aqueous scrubber Chemical industry, sequestering, oil industry (EOR), greenhouses CO2 (19) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Fertiliser (NH4)2SO4 Claus process elementary S Gasification Product Gas H2 CO CO2 H2O CH4 C2H2 & C2H4 BTX light tars heavy tars NH3 (HCN) H2S (COS) Impregnating regent heavy tars Solvents benzene toluene xylenes Fine chemicals light tars Irrigation / tap water H2O Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl 3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Backend chemicals, syngas and fuels… Electricity & Heat Transportation fuel synthesis Fischer-Tropsch diesel MeOH / DME ethanol / mixed alcohols hydrogen Biological Processes Combined Cycle Biosyngas Gaseous fuel CH4 / LNG Torrefaction H2O Cryogenic distillation Base chemicals acetylene ethylene minerals H2O “OLGA” Tar removal unit Sulphur removal Aqueous scrubber Chemical industry, sequestering, oil industry (EOR), greenhouses (20) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Fertiliser (NH4)2SO4 Claus process elementary S Gasification NH4+ CO2 CO2 removal CO2 Fine chemicals formic acid acidic acid propionic acid Product Gas H2 CO CO2 H2O CH4 C2H2 & C2H4 BTX light tars heavy tars NH3 (HCN) H2S (COS) Impregnating regent heavy tars Solvents benzene toluene xylenes Fine chemicals light tars Irrigation / tap water H2O Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl 3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Science fiction? (http://www.dakotagas.com) Great plains synfuels plant began operating in 1984 and today produces > 54 billion standard cubic feet of natural gas (21) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl 3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery” Optimization of thermochemical refinery… Electricity & Heat Transportation fuel synthesis Fischer-Tropsch diesel MeOH / DME ethanol / mixed alcohols hydrogen Biological Processes Combined Cycle Biosyngas Biosyngas Gaseous fuel CH4 / LNG Torrefaction H2O Cryogenic Cryogenic distillation distillation Base chemicals acetylene ethylene minerals H2O “OLGA” Tar removal unit Sulphur removal Aqueous scrubber Chemical industry, sequestering, oil industry (EOR), greenhouses (22) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Fertiliser (NH4)2SO4 Claus process elementary S Gasification NH4+ CO2 CO2 removal CO2 Fine chemicals formic acid acidic acid propionic acid Product Gas H2 CO CO2 H2O CH4 C2H2 & C2H4 BTX light tars heavy tars NH3 (HCN) H2S (COS) Impregnating regent heavy tars Solvents benzene toluene xylenes Fine chemicals light tars Irrigation / tap water H2O Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl Staged biomass degasification (BIOCASCADE) 3rd generation example Torrefaction Biomass Pyrolysis 180 - 290°C 290 - 600°C catalyst ? catalyst ? Crude Crude Gasification > 600°C BioSyngas catalyst ? Crude chemicals fuels power Product separation and upgrading heat Base/platform chemicals • • • • • Sequential thermal decomposition of hemicellulose>cellulose>lignin Condensable products: acids, phenolics, furans,….. (+ syngas): yields thus far low Optimization of individual product yield via process conditions Catalyst development Product separation and upgrading (23) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl Staged biomass degasification (BIOCASCADE) Decomposition at different temperatures (24) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl Staged biomass degasification (BIOCASCADE) Decomposition at different temperatures BIOSYNERGY is an Integrated Project coordinated by ECN (Nl), involving 17 partners from 10 countries. It starts end 2006 (25) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl Conclusions Development of advanced 3rd generation (thermochemical) biorefineries • Products considered should not only include power and heat, but chemicals, fuels, materials (fibres, starch, wood), food and feed as well Develop 2nd and 3rd generation biorefineries • A biorefinery should at least be self-fulfilling with regards to heat and preferably also with regards to electricity Consider heat and power as internals or residual streams, and focus on “high-value” products • In order to meet biomass-related policy goals more advanced thermochemical biomass based refinery processes will have to be developed. Focus on the development of 3rd generation biorefineries for the future, while implementing 2nd generation biorefineries for short-term goals (26) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl Thank you for your attention For more information, please contact: Ir. Robin Zwart phone +31 224 56 4574 fax +31 224 56 8487 email [email protected] Visit also: Publications can be found on: www.ecn.nl/en/bkm www.biorefinery.nl/publications (including this presentation) Biorefinery.nl – The Dutch Network on Biorefinery: www.biorefinery.nl (with the latest information on the upcoming IEA Task on biorefineries) (27) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück www.ecn.nl