Download 3 rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery”

Thermochemical
Biomass Based Refinery Processes
Thermochemical
Biomass Based Refinery Processes
Technological status & perspectives
Presented at Biorefinica 2006
(11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück, Germany)
Ir. Robin Zwart
Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)
ECN Biomass, Coal & Environmental research
Content
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction on ECN
Definition
World wide status:

1st Generation
(combined heat and power)

2nd Generation
(combined heat, power, fuels and chemicals)

3rd Generation
(optimized multi-product systems)
Ongoing activities
Conclusions
(3) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
Energy research Centre of the Netherlands
In the dunes of North Holland
•
Independent energy research
institute
•
Founded in 1955
•
650 staff
•
Annual turnover:
80 million EURO
•
Activities:
- Biomass, Coal & Environmental Research
- Solar
- Wind
- Hydrogen & Clean Fossil Fuels
- Energy Efficiency in the Industry
- Energy in the Built Environment
- Policy Studies
(4) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
ECN in a glance
Mission
•
ECN is the largest, independent, market oriented, and innovative Dutch energy
research institute.
•
ECN focuses on the knowledge and information the government needs to develop and
evaluate policy and achieve policy objectieves in the field of energy, the environment
and technological innovation.
•
ECN partners industry in the development and implementation od product, processes
and technologies important to the transition to sustainable energy management.
•
ECN closely works together with Dutch and foreign universities and research institutes
and performs a bridging function with implementation by carrying out technological
research.
ECN develops high-quality knowledge and technology
for the transition to a sustainable energy supply
(5) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
Definition of “Thermochemical refinery”
The general one…
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
(6) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
1st Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Combustion for generation of heat, power… or even both
Ralph E.H. Sims: The brilliance of bioenergy – In business and in practice (2002)
(7) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
1st Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Examples of combustion based generation of heat and power
Integrated Biomass Utilisation System (IBUS), Skærbækværket (Dk)
(8) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
1st Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Advanced generation of heat and power
Ralph E.H. Sims: The brilliance of bioenergy – In business and in practice (2002)
(9) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
1st Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Examples of advanced generation of heat and power
(10) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
2nd Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Advanced generation of heat, power, fuels and chemicals
Transportation fuel synthesis
Fischer-Tropsch diesel
MeOH / DME
Ethanol / mixed alcohols
Hydrogen
Electricity
& Heat
Biological
Processes
Combined
Cycle
Biosyngas
H2O
minerals
(11) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
Gasification
Pyrolysis ?
www.ecn.nl
Clean hydrogen-rich synthesis gas
(CHRISGAS)
2nd generation example
(http://www.chrisgas.com)
Funded by the EC 6th Framework Programme and the Swedish Energy Agency. It runs for 5 years beginning 1st September 2004
(12) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
Sustainable energy system for transport (RENEW)
2nd generation example
(http://www.renew-fuel.com)
A pan-European project, supported under the European Commission’s 6th Framework Programme
(13) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
Co-processing of upgraded bio-liquids
in standard refinery units
(BIOCOUP)
2nd generation example
([email protected])
BIOCOUP is an Integrated Project coordinated by VTT (Fi), involving 17 partners from 7 countries. It started on 1st May 2006
(14) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Optimization of thermochemical refinery…
Electricity
& Heat
Transportation fuel synthesis
Fischer-Tropsch diesel
MeOH / DME
ethanol / mixed alcohols
hydrogen
Biological
Processes
Combined
Cycle
Biosyngas
Gaseous fuel
CH4 / LNG
Torrefaction
H2O
Cryogenic
Cryogenic
distillation
distillation
Base chemicals
acetylene
ethylene
minerals
H2O
“OLGA” Tar
removal unit
Sulphur
removal
Aqueous
scrubber
Chemical industry,
sequestering,
oil industry (EOR),
greenhouses
(15) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Fertiliser
(NH4)2SO4
Claus process
elementary S
Gasification
NH4+
CO2
CO2 removal
CO2
Fine chemicals
formic acid
acidic acid
propionic acid
Product Gas
H2
CO
CO2
H2O
CH4
C2H2 & C2H4
BTX
light tars
heavy tars
NH3 (HCN)
H2S (COS)
Impregnating regent
heavy tars
Solvents
benzene
toluene
xylenes
Fine chemicals
light tars
Irrigation / tap water
H2O
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Bio-CHP as base case…
Electricity
& Heat
Biological
Processes
Combined
Cycle
H2O
minerals
(16) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
Gasification
www.ecn.nl
3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Products from bio-CHP…
Electricity
& Heat
Biological
Processes
Combined
Cycle
CO2
H2O
minerals
Gasification
NH4+
H2O
“OLGA” Tar
removal unit
Aqueous
scrubber
Fertiliser
(NH4)2SO4
Product Gas
H2
CO
CO2
H2O
CH4
C2H2 & C2H4
BTX
light tars
heavy tars
NH3 (HCN)
H2S (COS)
Impregnating regent
heavy tars
Solvents
benzene
toluene
xylenes
Fine chemicals
light tars
Irrigation / tap water
H2O
(17) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Upstream products from torrefaction…
Electricity
& Heat
Biological
Processes
Combined
Cycle
CO2
Torrefaction
Fine chemicals
formic acid
acidic acid
propionic acid
H2O
minerals
Gasification
NH4+
H2O
“OLGA” Tar
removal unit
Aqueous
scrubber
Fertiliser
(NH4)2SO4
Product Gas
H2
CO
CO2
H2O
CH4
C2H2 & C2H4
BTX
light tars
heavy tars
NH3 (HCN)
H2S (COS)
Impregnating regent
heavy tars
Solvents
benzene
toluene
xylenes
Fine chemicals
light tars
Irrigation / tap water
H2O
(18) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Downstream products from gas conditioning…
Electricity
& Heat
Biological
Processes
Combined
Cycle
CO2
Torrefaction
Fine chemicals
formic acid
acidic acid
propionic acid
H2O
minerals
NH4+
CO2
H2O
CO2 removal
“OLGA” Tar
removal unit
Sulphur
removal
Aqueous
scrubber
Chemical industry,
sequestering,
oil industry (EOR),
greenhouses
CO2
(19) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Fertiliser
(NH4)2SO4
Claus process
elementary S
Gasification
Product Gas
H2
CO
CO2
H2O
CH4
C2H2 & C2H4
BTX
light tars
heavy tars
NH3 (HCN)
H2S (COS)
Impregnating regent
heavy tars
Solvents
benzene
toluene
xylenes
Fine chemicals
light tars
Irrigation / tap water
H2O
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Backend chemicals, syngas and fuels…
Electricity
& Heat
Transportation fuel synthesis
Fischer-Tropsch diesel
MeOH / DME
ethanol / mixed alcohols
hydrogen
Biological
Processes
Combined
Cycle
Biosyngas
Gaseous fuel
CH4 / LNG
Torrefaction
H2O
Cryogenic
distillation
Base chemicals
acetylene
ethylene
minerals
H2O
“OLGA” Tar
removal unit
Sulphur
removal
Aqueous
scrubber
Chemical industry,
sequestering,
oil industry (EOR),
greenhouses
(20) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Fertiliser
(NH4)2SO4
Claus process
elementary S
Gasification
NH4+
CO2
CO2 removal
CO2
Fine chemicals
formic acid
acidic acid
propionic acid
Product Gas
H2
CO
CO2
H2O
CH4
C2H2 & C2H4
BTX
light tars
heavy tars
NH3 (HCN)
H2S (COS)
Impregnating regent
heavy tars
Solvents
benzene
toluene
xylenes
Fine chemicals
light tars
Irrigation / tap water
H2O
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Science fiction?
(http://www.dakotagas.com)
Great plains synfuels plant began operating in 1984 and today produces > 54 billion standard cubic feet of natural gas
(21) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
3rd Generation “Thermochemical refinery”
Optimization of thermochemical refinery…
Electricity
& Heat
Transportation fuel synthesis
Fischer-Tropsch diesel
MeOH / DME
ethanol / mixed alcohols
hydrogen
Biological
Processes
Combined
Cycle
Biosyngas
Biosyngas
Gaseous fuel
CH4 / LNG
Torrefaction
H2O
Cryogenic
Cryogenic
distillation
distillation
Base chemicals
acetylene
ethylene
minerals
H2O
“OLGA” Tar
removal unit
Sulphur
removal
Aqueous
scrubber
Chemical industry,
sequestering,
oil industry (EOR),
greenhouses
(22) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Fertiliser
(NH4)2SO4
Claus process
elementary S
Gasification
NH4+
CO2
CO2 removal
CO2
Fine chemicals
formic acid
acidic acid
propionic acid
Product Gas
H2
CO
CO2
H2O
CH4
C2H2 & C2H4
BTX
light tars
heavy tars
NH3 (HCN)
H2S (COS)
Impregnating regent
heavy tars
Solvents
benzene
toluene
xylenes
Fine chemicals
light tars
Irrigation / tap water
H2O
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
Staged biomass degasification
(BIOCASCADE)
3rd generation example
Torrefaction
Biomass
Pyrolysis
180 - 290°C
290 - 600°C
catalyst ?
catalyst ?
Crude
Crude
Gasification
> 600°C
BioSyngas
catalyst ?
Crude
chemicals
fuels
power
Product separation and upgrading
heat
Base/platform chemicals
•
•
•
•
•
Sequential thermal decomposition of hemicellulose>cellulose>lignin
Condensable products: acids, phenolics, furans,….. (+ syngas): yields thus far low
Optimization of individual product yield via process conditions
Catalyst development
Product separation and upgrading
(23) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
Staged biomass degasification
(BIOCASCADE)
Decomposition at different temperatures
(24) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
Staged biomass degasification
(BIOCASCADE)
Decomposition at different temperatures
BIOSYNERGY is an Integrated Project coordinated by ECN (Nl), involving 17 partners from 10 countries. It starts end 2006
(25) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
Conclusions
Development of advanced 3rd generation (thermochemical) biorefineries
•
Products considered should not only include power and heat, but chemicals,
fuels, materials (fibres, starch, wood), food and feed as well
Develop 2nd and 3rd generation biorefineries
•
A biorefinery should at least be self-fulfilling with regards to heat and
preferably also with regards to electricity
Consider heat and power as internals or residual streams,
and focus on “high-value” products
•
In order to meet biomass-related policy goals more advanced thermochemical
biomass based refinery processes will have to be developed.
Focus on the development of 3rd generation biorefineries for the future,
while implementing 2nd generation biorefineries for short-term goals
(26) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl
Thank you for your attention
For more information,
please contact:
Ir. Robin Zwart
phone +31 224 56 4574
fax
+31 224 56 8487
email [email protected]
Visit also:
Publications can be found on:
www.ecn.nl/en/bkm
www.biorefinery.nl/publications
(including this presentation)
Biorefinery.nl – The Dutch Network on Biorefinery:
www.biorefinery.nl
(with the latest information on the upcoming IEA Task on biorefineries)
(27) ECN–BKM, Robin Zwart
Biorefinica 2006, 11-12 October 2006, Osnabrück
www.ecn.nl