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1. First you will need to find out more about corals’ life cycles to do this please visit http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/coralreef_spawning after watching the video complete the “Coral Life Cycle Diagram” below by cutting out the pieces and correctly ordering pictures and phrases on the diagram. Planula larvea developes and drifts with currents Egg meets sperm Colony sexually matures in 45 years Planulae settles and polyp begins to develop laying down a skeleton Colony begin to grow through polyp budding Developmen Release of t of zygote sperm and egg bundles from mature corals 2. You are asked to discover the relationship that exists between the coral and the algae using the resources provided to you. http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/corals/coral02_zooxanthellae.html http://coralreef.noaa.gov/aboutcorals/coral101/symbioticalgae/ a. What is the name of the algae that is contained within the coral structures? b. In a couple sentences please describe the symbiosis relationship that exists between the two organisms. c. Describe the process, which occurs if the algae leave the coral structure? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. To better understand how climate change affects the corals specifically in the heating of the ocean waters review http://www.coralwatch.org/web/guest/coral-bleaching. a. Describe how the corals are impacted is seawater temperatures reach above a temperature certain threshold. b. Is there a way that corals can recover from a bleaching event, if so, how? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Review Pictures and video at the bottom of the webpage, which compared healthy corals versus s unhealthy corals. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/healthy-dying-dead-this-is-what-it-looks-like-whena-reef-is-bleached_us_5660df23e4b08e945feed91a?%3Bir=Travel&utm_hp_ref=travel a. Determine the differences in the structure, besides color, what else is different about the corals? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. To understand more about how Global Climate Change is impacting our reef systems visit http://coralreef.noaa.gov/threats/climate/ a. What climate-induced factors are contributing to coral reef threats? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Visit http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/bleaching5km/index_5km_baa_max_r07d.php a. Which global regions are experiencing “Alert Level 1 or 2” currently? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Let’s take a closer look at Florida by visiting http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/vs/timeseries/florida.php#florida_keys Using the drop down tool on the right-hand side, look at the graph data for all 2-year periods. a. What month(s) were the warmest for 2013-2014, what was the highest recorded Sea Surface Temperature (SST) for that period? b. What month(s) were the warmest for 2014-2015 what was the highest recorded Sea Surface Temperature (SST) for that period? c. What month(s) were the warmest for 2015-2016 what was the highest recorded Sea Surface Temperature (SST) for that period? d. At any point during those peak SST periods was the bleaching threshold ever reached? If so, when and what was the oC? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Florida has been particularly susceptible to coral threats recently read the flowing article http://www.tampabay.com/news/environment/wildlife/bleaching-and-disease-aredevastating-floridas-coral-reef/2251309 a. Where is Florida did the described bleaching event occur? b. What two corals impacted are currently on the “Endangered Species List”? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. How can humans help mitigate threats to our coral reefs? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________