Download The Renaissance - Mrs. Duvall Art History

The Renaissance
1.1 The Renaissance
 Began in Florence Italy.
 Means “re-birth” after the Middle Ages-Black Plaque
 Rebirth of classical Greek and Roman
• Produced: artists, architects, scholars, and scientists in
short span of time.
• Time of creativity and change in many areas
• political, social, economic, and cultural.
• Humanism-focus on individual accomplishments
• Paintings were realistic and focused less on religious
topics.
• Rich families became patrons and commissioned great art.
(de Medici’s)
Dance – Renaissance: Court Dances
 court dances- fancy occasions for the upper class to show off in front of
nobility.
 heavy gowns, large headdresses, long lacy sleeves,
 Movements were restrained and refined. Slides, glides, small, slow
steps, poses, and curtsies.
 first court dances were done low to the ground. (basse)
 peasant dances- were lively and consisted of large, wide steps
performed mostly on grassy town squares.
Types of dances
Pavane:
 meaning “peacock.”
 a basse dance performed at
ceremonies for Kings and
Queens
 movements were slow walking
steps, which traveled forward
and backward.
Galliard:
 a lively dance, which
included a number of
hops and kicking
steps
Types of dances
The Allemande:
The Courante:
 Consisted of four dances
together
 Hands were held at all times
during this dance
 Movements were made up in
such a way as to keep partners
joined together throughout the
dance.
 Now used for a step in square
dancing.
 This dance displayed gestures
of courtship and flirtation
 The steps included walks, tiny
runs, and glides.
 Other forms of entertainment
at the court
 Jousting
1.2 Drama/Theatre - Renaissance
 Commedia dell’Arte- means comedy of the
professional guilds of artists
 stock characters(10-12) some wore masks,
 special skills of the actors, acrobats, dancers,
musicians, and improvisers
 Slapstick humor
 short, physical comedy routines
 only venue for women actors until the English stage
in the late 17th century.
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
 English-speaking playwright
 38 plays
 tragedy, comedy, and English
history
 During the reign of Elizabeth I
 his plays occur over long
periods of time, in many
locations, and involve multiple
subplots in addition to the
main plot.
 violence on stage and ghosts
and spirits.
 platform on stage in
which multiple locations
could be imagined.
 outdoor theatres
 Costuming was everyday
clothing
 men were the only
 Young boys played
women roles
Examples of Shakespeare’s plays
include:
 Tragedy:
 Romeo & Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Othello
 Comedy:
 A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Twelfth Night, Much Ado
About Nothing, Taming of the Shrew
 History:
 Henry V
The Globe Theatre
 In London built in 1599
 Thrust stage
 Paid according to where you sat
 The yard or pit- paid a penny.
 The gallery two pennies for the first level,
three pennies for the second and so on.
 Color of flag flying
 Black- tragedy , white-comedy and redhistory.
 Destroyed by fire in 1613
 Second Globe Theatre was built on the same site
June 1614 and closed in 1642
 Virtual tour
1.3 Renaissance Music
 Music helped to reconcile faith and reason
 Movement from monophony to polyphony
 Polyphony: many sounds
 Multiple musical lines together
 2 or more separate voices or parts
 Rise of instrumental and secular music (non-religious)
Council of Trent (1545-1562)
Reformation in the
Catholic church
 Changes in music
& mass
 Away from
polyphony
 Distracted from
text
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
 1525-1594
 Italian Renaissance Composer
 polyphony
 perfect balance of voices, seamless phrasing
 the sound seems to never stop
 Every voice part is equally important
 Pope Marcellus Mass
 Well-known work
Other Composers
 John Dowland (1563-1626)
 William Byrd (1543/1623)
 English wrote church/liturgical
 English known for
music
melancholy songs- "Flow my
tears”
 Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643)
 Italian composer, marked the
 Orlando di Lasso (1532-1594)
transition from the
 Franco-Flemish who studied
Renaissance style of music to
polyphonic style
that of the Baroque period.
 Opera-L'Orfeo,
The Medici Family
Patrons of the Arts
 Wealthy people
bought and
showcase artwork.
 Lorenzo de Medici
was a member of
the wealthiest
family in Florence
they supported the
arts, giving lots of
money
Characteristics of
Renaissance Art
1. Realism & Expression
 Expulsion from
the Garden
 Masaccio
 1427
 First nudes since
classical times.
2. Perspective
The Trinity
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Masaccio
1427
Perspective!
First use
of linear
perspective!
What you are,
I once was;
what I am,
you will
become.
3. Classicism
Greco-Roman
influence.
Secularism.
Humanism.
Individualism  free
standing figures.
Symmetry/Balance
The “Classical Pose”
Medici “Venus” (1c)
4. Empasis on Individualism
 Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The
Duke & Dutchess of Urbino
 Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
5. Geometrical Arrangement of
Figures
 The Dreyfus
Madonna
with the
Pomegranate
 Leonardo da
Vinci
 1469
 The figure as
architecture!
6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges
Sfumato
Chiaroscuro
7. Artists as Personalities/Celebrities
Lives of the Most
Excellent
Painters,
Sculptors, and
Architects
Giorgio Vasari
1550
The Renaissance “Man”
 Broad knowledge about many things in
different fields.
 Deep knowledge/skill in one area.
 Able to link information from different
areas/disciplines and create new
knowledge.
 The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded
man” was at the heart of Renaissance
education.
Leonardo da Vinci Self-Portrait --, 1512
 Artist
 Sculptor
 Architect
 Scientist
 Engineer
 Inventor
1452 - 1519
Leonardo, the Artist
 The Virgin of
the Rocks
 Leonardo da
Vinci
 1483-1486
Leonardo, the Artist:
From hisNotebooks of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)
Mona Lisa – da Vinci, 1503-4
A Macaroni Mona
A Picasso Mona
An Andy Warhol Mona
A “Mona”ca Lewinsky
Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
& Geometry
Refractory
Convent of Santa
Maria delle
Grazie
Milan
vertical
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
horizontal
Perspective!
Deterioration
 Detail of
Jesus
 The Last
Supper
 Leonardo da
Vinci
 1498
Leonardo, the Sculptor
 An
Equestrian
Statue
 1516-1518
Leonardo, the Architect:
Pages from his Notebook
Study of a
central church.
1488
Leonardo, the Architect:
Pages from his Notebook
Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.
Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):
Pages from his Notebook
An example of
the humanist
desire to unlock
the secrets of
nature.
Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy):
Pages from his Notebook
Leonardo, the Inventor:
Pages from his Notebook
Family
Guy
Leonardo, the Engineer:
A study of siege defenses.
Pages from
his Notebook
Studies of water-lifting
devices.
Michelangelo Buonorrati
 1475 – 1564
 He represented
the body in
three
dimensions of
sculpture.
 David
 1504
 Marble
15c
What
a
difference
a
century
makes!
16c
The Pieta
1499
marble
The Sistine Chapel
1508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling
Michelangelo Buonarroti
1508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel Details
The
Creation
of the
Heavens
The Sistine Chapel Details
Creation of Man
A Modern “Adaptation”
Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004
The Sistine Chapel Details
The Fall
from
Grace
The Sistine Chapel Details
The Last Judgment
Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520)
Self-Portrait, 1506
Portrait of the Artist with
a Friend, 1518
Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael,
1514-1515
 Castiglione
represented the
humanist
“gentleman” as
a man of
refinement and
self-control.
Perspective!
Betrothal
of the Virgin
Raphael
1504
Raphael’s Canagiani Madonna, 1507
Raphael’s Madonnas (1)
Sistine Madonna
Cowpepper Madonna
Raphael’s Madonnas (2)
Madonna della Sedia
Alba Madonna
The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
 One point perspective.
 All of the important Greek philosophers
and thinkers are included  all of the
great personalities of the Seven Liberal
Arts!
 A great variety of poses.
 Located in the papal apartments library.
 Raphael worked on this commission
simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing
the Sistine Chapel.
 No Christian themes here.
The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
Da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo
The School of Athens – Raphael, details
Plato:
looks to the
heavens [or
the IDEAL
realm].
Aristotle:
looks to this
earth [the
here and
now].
Portrait of Pope Julius II
by Raphael, 1511-1512
 More concerned with
politics than with
theology.
 The “Warrior Pope.”
 Great patron of
Renaissance artists,
especially Raphael &
Michelangelo.
 Died in 1513
Pope Leo X with Cardinal Giulio deMedici and Luigi
De Rossi by Raphael, 1518-1519
 A Medici Pope.
 He went through the
Vatican treasury in a
year!
 His extravagances
offended even some
cardinals [as well as
Martin Luther!].
 Started selling
indulgences.
Botticelli





1445-1510
Was a member of the Medici family
His real name was Alessandro Filipepi
Liked to paint religious paintings for churches
Most famous work is The Birth of Venus
Birth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485
An attempt to depict perfect beauty.
Characteristics of Northern Renaissance
Art
 The continuation of late medieval
attention to details.
 Tendency toward realism & naturalism
[less emphasis on the “classical ideal”].
 Interest in landscapes.
 More emphasis on middle-class and
peasant life.
 Details of domestic interiors.
 Great skill in portraiture.
Jan van Eyck (1395 – 1441)
 Developed oil painting
 More courtly and
aristocratic work.
 Court painter to the
Duke of Burgundy,
Philip the Good.
 The Virgin and
Chancellor Rolin, 1435.
Van Eyck -Adoration of the Lamb, Ghent
Altarpiece, 1432
Van Eyck:
 The Crucifixion
&
The Last Judgment 
1420-1425
Giovanni Arnolfini
and His Wife
(Wedding Portrait)
Jan Van Eyck
1434
Jan van Eyck - Giovanni Arnolfini & His
Wife
(details)
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)
 The greatest of German
artists.
 A scholar as well as an artist.
 His patron was the Emperor
Maximilian I.
 Also a scientist
 Wrote books on geometry,
fortifications, and human
proportions.
 Self-conscious individualism
of the Renaissance is seen in
his portraits.
  Self-Portrait at 26, 1498.
Dürer – Self-Portrait in Fur-Collared
Robe, 1500
Dürer
The Last
Supper
woodcut, 1510
Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1525-1569)




One of the greatest artistic geniuses of his age.
In touch with humanists thoughts.
Was deeply concerned with human vice and follies.
A master of landscapes.
 People in his works often have round, blank, heavy
faces.
 They are expressionless, mindless, and sometimes
malicious.
 They are types, rather than individuals.
 Their purpose is to convey a message.
Bruegel’s, Tower of Babel, 1563
Bruegel’s, Mad Meg, 1562
Bruegel’s, The Beggars, 1568
Bruegel’s, Parable of the Blind Leading
the Blind, 1568
Bruegel’s, Niederlandisch Proverbs, 1559
Renaissance Art Game
 http://flashnhistory.com/FlashPrograms/RenaissanceA
rt3.swf
Renaissance Review




Time of rebirth after dark Middle Ages
Artwork flourished
“renaissance man”-someone who could do it all
Dances were performed at the King’s court or in
grassy towns by peasants.
 People wore heavy garments
 Shakespeare wrote plays that were performed at the
Globe theatre in London.