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Early-Middle Renaissance Background to this art piece: “Adoration of the Magi” by Fabriano, 1400 Florence, Italy • Triptych alter screen divided into three arched spaces • Figures were crowded together “standing over each other’s heads,” because there was a fear of empty spaces • Halos not in perspective • Natural scene in background • Elegant, fancy figures • Illusion of three dimensions in a two-dimensional space • Artists worked from observation and rules of perspective “Tribute Money” by Masaccio, 1427 Florence, Italy • Is a piece of wall art (aka fresco) inside a chapel • The folds in the clothes are well defined • First use of grid for perspective • Everything lit from the same light source • Drama in faces • Halos no longer a circle but a disc • Group of figures set in landscape “Annunciation” by Angelico, 1440 Florence, Italy • The architectural setting uses the principles of perspective. But there are problems with relating the figures to the space (the figures appear too large) • Natural detail in the garden background • No shadows made from figures, making them appear flat • The folds in the clothes are well defined “Resurrection”, by Francesca, 1460, Italy Stresses the front of things – the Christ figure is parallel to the picture plane Detailed trees become smaller but are too clear – they also float in mid-air. The tomb becomes the altar Use of the Golden Section Questions 1. Describe the scene. 2. If you had to describe this composition in one word, what would it be? 3. What things in the painting led you to choose that word? 4. What is not realistic about the painting? 1. How does the painter make a group of figures look different and simple while still making the figure of Jesus the centre of attention? 1. Composition means the way parts of a picture are organized. Do you think this picture has good composition or bad composition? Explain why. 1. Do you think these bodies look realistic? Why or why not? High Renaissance Background to this art piece: “The Madonna of the Rocks” Leonardo da Vinci, 1483, London Leonardo uses the pyramid shape to bring together his main characters Note the use of chiaroscuro (the use of light and dark) as a way to show mass and volume Mary, Jesus, St. John, and angel in grotto Each figure is in proportion. This means their body had correct size, volume and mass. “The Last Supper”, Leonardo da Vinci, 1495, Milan Questions: 1. Why do you think the triangular composition is working so well in this picture? (hint: Look at the bodies of all the characters) 1. Examine how the picture is divided. How many parts do you think Leonardo divided it into? Why? Simple one-point perspective – all the lines lead to the Christ figure Jesus and disciples at the 2. What do you think the story is behind this Passover dinner picture? The figures form a mini drama or tableau scene “School of Athens”, 1508, Raphael, Rome 1. See if you can find the part of the picture where everything disappears. You can do this by drawing in the lines of perspective. Raphael designed his composition to feature both the two main characters and the larger group of mathematicians, scientists, and philosophers. Raphael used the rules of one point perspective in his composition Art History Fun Fact: Ever heard of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles? Well the man who created them liked art history so much, that he decided to name all of his main characters after famous Renaissance artists. Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Donatello and Michelangelo.