Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Section 9-1 Journal Feel the Burn Do you like to run, bike, or swim? These all are good ways to exercise. When you exercise, your body uses oxygen to get energy from glucose, a six-carbon sugar . 1. How does your body feel at the start of exercise, such as a long, slow run? How do you feel 1 minute into the run; 10 minutes into the run? 2. What do you think is happening in your cells to cause the changes in how you feel? 3. Think about running as fast as you can for 100 meters. Could you keep up this pace for a much longer distance? Explain your answer. Cellular Respiration …Is the reason we breath Oxygen in and Carbon Dioxide out The process of releasing the energy from FOOD (glucose) to make ATP= Cellular Respiration How is this formula similar to photosynthesis? Reactants C6H12O6 + 6O2 Products 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy Glucose carbon dioxide oxygen water ATP, NADPH, FADH2 Net reaction shown above A gradual release of energy from breaking down of glucose. This happens when there is oxygen present. If it released energy all at once all the energy would be lost as heat and light Food (glucose) provides 1. Energy 2. Raw materials to build materials for growth and reproduction Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Fermentation (without oxygen) Electron transport Alcohol or lactic acid Cellular Respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) 1st step Glycolysis (makes 2 ATP) Glucose breaks down into 2 Pyruvic acid pyruvic acid - No oxygen required for this step - Occurs in cytoplasm of cell - pyruvic acid moves into mitochondria - Fast process, thousands in just a millisecond - Also makes 2 NADH Cellular Respiration continues • …IF oxygen is present in cell (this is why we must breath!) • …continues to unlock energy not harvested in glycolysis (90%) still there • High energy electrons still in pyruvic acid will be accepted by oxygen Aerobic Respiration Kreb’s cycle (citric acid cycle) + Electron Transport Chain • requires oxygen Kreb’s cycle (citric acid cycle) makes 2 more ATP • In mitochondria • Pyruvic acid continues to break down • Carbon atoms + oxygen CO2(into air) • ADP • NAD+ • FAD 2 more ATP NADH FADH2 Citric Acid Production Electron transport chain makes 32 more ATP (similar to photosynthesis) • High energy electrons move down electron transport chain (proteins in mitochondrian inner membranes) • Those electrons help pump H+ out of matrix to create concentration gradient • Then H+ diffuses back in membranes and makes… • ATP via ATPsnythase (enzyme) • LOTS OF ATP GENERATED • LOW energy electrons + H+ + Oxygen H2 O (waste) Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Hydrogen Ion Movement Channel ATP synthase ATP Production Total ATP production? With oxygen When one molecule of glucose breaks down… 2 glycolysis 2 Kreb’s + 32 Elec. Trans. 36 ATP from Cellular Respiration 38% efficient (better than standard car) 62% remaining, released as heat Remember: oxygen present Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Anaerobic Respiration - a different pathway • Glycolysis still first (2ATP) • If no oxygen available to cells Anaerobic (w/o oxygen) In plants: Alcoholic fermentation Pyruvate + NADH alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ In animals: Lacitc Acid Fermentation Pyruvate + NADH lactic acid + NAD+ (accumulates in muscles) (sore muscles) (only removed with oxygen) (why we breath hard after race) Compare Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration Oxygen present 36 ATP total Generates 18X more ATP • No oxygen present • Makes 2 ATP only • Fermentation occurs Our body uses both systems Quick Energy • Sprints • 1st - uses small amts of ATP produced previously • Use reserves of ATP for few seconds (50 meter dash) • 2nd - ATP produced by lactic acid fermentation - up to 90 seconds (200-300 meters) Get rid of lactic acid with oxygen - breath harder after race Long Term energy • After 90 seconds the only way to fuel activity is with CELLULAR RESPRIRATION Releases energy more slowly than fermentation so must pace yourself Glycogen supplies in cell last 20-30 minutes Then use Fat (good for weight control)