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Cell Lab
Name
Date of Lab
Partner
Biology
Cell Biology Lab
I.
Purpose:
The cell theory states that cells are the basic unit of structure and function. In this
investigation, the primary structural and functional differences in cells will be
observed.
II.
Material:
1) compound light microscope
2) lens paper
3) prepared slides
III.
Procedure:
1) Choose any one of the prepared slides from the trays located on the back
counter. You do not need to view these in order. Make sure you only take
one slide at a time.
2) Clean the microscope and slides before viewing.
3) Locate the specimen on low power.
4) Center the image and turn the objectives to the middle power. If done
correctly, you should be able to use the fine focus to see the cell.
5) Sketch the respective cell or cells that you see. Make your sketches large so
that when you re-copy them, it will be easier to re-draw. Beside each sketch
indicate the power of which it was observed.
IV.
Slides:
A. Protists:
1) Paramecium - Sketch this unicellular organism and label the following: cell
membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, cilia, and vacuoles. (pg 22)
2) Volvox - This structure is actually a colony of individual cells, each with a
cilia. When all the cells move their cilia the organism rotates and moves.
Label an individual cell. (pg 35)
3) Amoeba – Sketch and label this unicellular organism. Label the following:
cell membrane, cytoplasm, vacuoles, and nucleus. (pg 22)
B. Bacteria / Monerans
4) Oscillatoria - These are colonial bacteria. Sketch and label the group of
bacteria and indicate one individual cell. (pg 16)
C. Animal
5) Normal Human Blood Smear - Identify and sketch the three types of blood
cells: white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. (pg 129-130)
6) Sickle Cell Blood Smear - Identify and sketch the three types of blood cells.
7) Human Bone - Study a cross section through the shaft of a long bone on high
power. Identify the Haversian Canal, a center tube that contains blood vessels
to nourish the bone. Sketch the structure of the human bone, showing the
light and dark areas.
8) Hydra - Hydra are related to jellyfish and coral. They reproduce in a unique
way of forming a bud. The bud grows off the side of the adult, breaks off, and
floats away to continue the cycle. Label the adult and bud of the organism.
V.
D. Plants
9) Allium (Onion) Root Tip - On low power, locate the root tip and identify the
single layer of surface cells. In a higher power, sketch and label a cell
showing: cell wall, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Sketch and label the group of
bacteria and indicate one individual cell.
Questions:
1) Is there such a thing as a typical cell? Explain using specific examples.
2) List all plant cells observed
3) List all animal cells observed.
4) What criteria did you use to determine if a cell was a plant or animal?
5) Name all prokaryotic cells you observed.
6) Name all the eukaryotic cells you observed.
7) Amoeba and paramecium are water animals. How do they prevent themselves
from taking in too much water and bursting? Describe the organelle that has
this function.
8) What are the functions of the three types of blood cells?
9) What are the structural differences between red and white blood cells?
10) Are human bones considered living tissue? Explain
11) Volvox are colonial organisms. Why is there an advantage to living in a
colony? Are there any disadvantages? Explain.