Download Upwind E-system upscaling and reliability

2 EEFARM II INTRODUCTION AND NEW FEATURES
+ = produced due to redundancy o = not produced
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P (PU)
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Vw (m/s)
Figure 4: Production during a failure of one of three parallel components
Failure of a parallel component only reduces the power production if the apparent power surpasses the total redundant apparent power of the components remaining in operation (assuming that the failed component can be isolated from the system). For example, if the total farm
power is transformed by 3 parallel transformers of 33.3% of the rated WF apparent power
each, energy production is only reduced if the total wind farm apparent power exceeds 66.6%.
Since the EeFarm-II calculation is executed per wind speed bin, failure of one component does
not reduce the apparent power below 66.6% and caps the production at 66.6%, see figure 4.
Multiple failure, i.e. failure of 2 parallel component at the same time, is not considered in
EeFarm-II.
With redundant apparant power level Sredun , not produced power due non-availability only
occurs if S > Sredun :
if Sout,i ≤ Sredun
Pf ail,i = 0
Ploss,i = Pohmic,i
if Sout,i > Sredun
Predun,i =
q
2
Sredun
− Q2out,i
Pf ail,i = fna,i (Pout,i − Predun,i − ΣPf ail,i )
Ploss,i = (1 − fna,i )Pohmic,i
ECN-E–10-068
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