Download i.introduction

e Diagnosis
Suraj M K
Rahul Pattadi
Shivakumar S H
Soumya K
Prof.SuneetaV Budihal
B V Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology, Hubli
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
The statistics says almost 1 billion people worldwide
have high bloodpressure, and over half a billion more
will harbor this silent killer by 2025.From1999 to 2011,
a total of 16,911 deaths in the United States, an average
of 1,301per year, were associated with exposure to
excessive natural cold.One fifth ofthe deaths in India
are from coronary heart disease. By the year 2020, it
will account for one third of all deaths.The statistics
reveal that continuous monitoringof the blood pressure,
temperature and heart rate is necessary to reduce these
figures. A compact electronic module which is easy to
carry, is designed tomeasure human blood pressure,
body temperature and heart rates. A timer isalso
designed to alert the patient about the prescription to be
followed.The design requires a pressure sensor,pulse
sensor and temperature sensor to sense therespective
parameters.
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I.INTRODUCTION
A. Problem Statement
To design a system which measures the body
temperature,heartrate,blood pressure by means of a
temperature sensor, pulse sensor and pressure sensor
respectively. The output of the sensors is analogous in
nature whichis the result of the variations in
temperature, heart rate and pressure. The system also
alerts the patient of following prescription by electronic
pill box. Thisanalog voltage is given to the arduino and
sent to the App via Bluetooth.
B. Motivation
The measurement of blood pressure using mercury
sphygmomanometer equipment is quite bulky and
measurement of heart rate body temperaturetime to time
is a tedious job. The project aims to address this
problem bydesigning a portable system which can be
easy to carry and which requires lessmaintenance when
compared to that of a mercury sphygmomanometer,
stethoscope and thermometer even reminds the patient
about tablet to be taken atproper time. Reading the
blood pressure by means of a pressure sensor,heartrate
by pulse sensor and body temperature by temperature
sensor which converts the pressure variations pulse and
temperature variations into voltage levelsand displays
the digital values on the App.On setting the proper time
in the pillbox, tablets to be taken at that time will be
reminded.
C. Proposed Work
To design a system which measures the body
temperature, heart rate,bloodpressure by means of a
temperature sensor,pulse sensor and pressure sensor
respectively.The system also alerts the patient of
following prescription by electronic pill box.
II. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Blood pressure (BP), sometimes referred to as arterial
blood pressure, is thepressure exerted by circulating
blood upon the walls of blood vessels, and is one of the
principal vital signs. When used without further
specification, blood pressure usually refers to the
arterial pressure of the systemic circulation. Duringeach
heartbeat, blood pressure varies between a maximum
(systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure. A
person’s blood pressure is usually expressed in termsof
the systolic pressure over diastolic pressure and is
measured in millimeters ofmercury (mmHg), for
example 120/80.
Body temperature is a measure of the body's ability to
generate and get ridof heat. The body is very good at
keeping its temperature within a narrow, safe range in
spite of large variations in temperatures outside the
body. Whenyou are too hot, the blood vessels in your
skin expand (dilate) to carry the excess heat to your
skin's surface. You may begin to sweat, and as the
sweatevaporates, it helps cool your body. When you are
too cold, your blood vesselsnarrow (contract) so that
blood flow to your skin is reduced to conserve
bodyheat. You may start shivering, which is an
involuntary, rapid contraction of themuscles. This extra
muscle activity helps generate more heat. Under
normalconditions, this keeps your body temperature
within a narrow, safe range.
Myocardial infarction or acute myocardial infarction
(AMI) is the medical termfor an event commonly
known as a heart attack. It happens when blood
stopflowing properly to part of the heart and the heart
muscle is injured due to lack of enough oxygen. Usually
this is because one of the coronary arteries that supplies
blood to the heart develops a blockage due to an
unstable buildupof white blood cells, cholesterol and
fat.
Measurement Methods
till the belt becomes tight.Pressure sensor value is given
to the arduino and the processed value is sent to the
App by Bluetooth module.
Temperature:
Hold the temperature sensor till constant temperature
value is displayed in the7 segment display. This value is
processed in the Arduino and sent to the Appvia
Bluetooth.
Blood Pressure: Pressure sensor is placed on the upper
arm and tied with the belt. Cuff ispressedcontinuously
Fig. 1: Block Diagram
III. IMPLEMENTATION
Steps followed
Blood Pressure:
1. Wrap the hand cuff around the rightupper arm of
the user.
2. Initially, the cuff has to be completely deflated.
3. The pulse is monitored at the wrist and the cuff
is inflated slowly till thepulse disappears.
4. At this point, the voltage readings are noted.
5. This voltage reading is fed to the Arduino and
the corresponding value istransmitted to the App
via Bluetooth.
Temperature:
1. Hold the Temperature sensor.
2. Sensed value is converted into voltage.
3. This voltage reading is fed to the program and
the corresponding value istransmitted to the App
via Bluetooth.
Heart Stroke:
Fig. 2: Flow Chart
1. Hold the Pulse sensor.
2. Sensed value is converted into voltage.
3. This voltage reading is fed to the program and
the corresponding value istransmitted to the App
via Bluetooth.
Tools used
Pressure Sensor(MPX2050DP):
Fig. 3: Circuit of heart Rate calculation
Fig. 4: Simulation
The MPX2050 device is a silicon piezoresistive
pressure sensor providing a highly accurate and
linear voltage output, directly proportional to
theapplied pressure. The sensor is a single,
monolithic silicon diaphragm with the strain gauge
and a thin film resistor network integrated on-chip.
The chip islaser trimmed for precise span and
offset calibration and temperature compensation.
The differential voltage output of the sensor is
directly proportional to the differential pressure
applied. The output voltage of the differential or
gaugesensor increases with increasing pressure
applied to the pressure side (P1) relative to the
vacuum side (P2). Similarly, output voltage
increases as increasingvacuum is applied to the
vacuum side (P2) relative to the pressure side (P1).
Features of MPX2050
- Temperature Compensated Over 0C to +85C
- Unique Silicon Shear Stress Strain Gauge
- Easy to Use Chip Carrier Package Options
-Ratio metric to Supply Voltage
-Differential and Gauge Options
Temperature Sensor (MCP9700/01):
Bluetooth Module and its Connection:
The MCP9700/01 low cost, low power and tiny
temperature sensorfamily converts temperature into
an analog voltage. It provides an accuracy of+-4
degree Celsius from 0 degree to +70 degree Celsius
while consuming 6microAmps of operating
current.
Features of MCP9700/01:
- Tiny Analog Temperature Sensor.
- Available Packages: SC70-5
- Wide Temperature Measurement Range: -40
degree Celsius to +125 degree Celsius
- Accuracy:+/- 4 degree Celsius (max) 0degree to
+70 degree Celsius.
-Optimized
for
analog-to-Digital
Converters(ADCs):
MCP9700:10.0
m
V/degreeCelsius(typ) MCP9701:19.5 m V/degree
Celsius(typ)
-Wide operating voltage range MCP9700:
Vdd=2.3V to 5.5V MCP9701:Vdd=3.3Vto 5.5 V
- Low operating current 9 micro Amp(typ).
- Optimized to drive large capacitive load.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for
exchanging data overshort distances (using shortwavelength radio transmissions in the ISM band
from 24002480 MHz) from fixed and mobile
devices, creating personal area networks (PANs)
with high levels of security. Created by telecom
vendor Ericssonin 1994, it was originally
conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data
cables. Bluetooth is a packet-based protocol with a
master-slave
structure.
Onemaster
may
communicate with up to 7 slaves in a piconet; all
devices sharethe master's clock. Packet exchange is
based on the basic clock, defined bythe master,
which ticks at 312.5 s intervals. Two clock ticks
make up a slot of625 s; two slots make up a slot
pair of 1250 s. In the simple case of singleslotpackets the master transmits in even slots and
receives in odd slots; the slave,conversely, receives
in even slots and transmits in odd slots. Packets
may be 1,3 or 5 slots long but in all cases the
masters transmit will begin in even slotsand the
slave transmit in odd slots.
Applications of Temperature Sensor
- Hard disk drivers and other peripheral devices.
- Entertainment systems
- HomeAppliances.
- Battery Packs and portable equipments.
IR Sensor (SFH 487 and SFH 309):
The SFH487 and SFH 309 low cost, low power and
tiny IR sensorfamily converts signals into an
analog voltage.
Features of SFH 487
- Very highly efficient GaAlAs-LED
- High reliability
- UL version available
- High pulse handling capability
- Good spectral match to silicon photodetectors
- Same package as SFH 309, SFH 409
Features of SFH 309
- Especially suitable for applications from 380 nm
to 1180 nm (SFH 309)and of 880 nm (SFH 309
FA)
- High linearity
- 3mm LED plastic package
- Available in groups
Arduino:
Arduino is a single-board microcontroller based on
the Atmega328.. The hardware consists of an open
source hardware board designed around an 8-bit
Atmel AVR microcontroller or a 32-bit Atmel
ARM. The software consists of a standard
programming language compiler and a boot loader
that executes on the microcontroller.Hardware
design information is available for those who
would like to assemble an Arduinoby hand.
JDK:
Java Development Kit (JDK) The Java
Development Kit (JDK) is a software development
environment used for developing Java applications.
It includes the Java Runtime Environment (JRE),
an interpreter/loader(java), a compiler (javac), an
archiver(jar),
a
documentation
generator
(javadoc)and other tools needed in Java
development. Java developers are initially
presented with two JDK tools, java and javac. Both
are run from the commandprompt.
Macromedia Dreamweaver:
Adobe Dreamweaver, formerly known as
Macromedia Dreamweaver is a professional web
development tool that has been around since 1997.
It offersaedible workspace that can be customized
to the users’ needs and integrateswell with other
Adobe products. It has a robust collection of
tools,yet is stilleasy for a beginner web developer
to use due to its intuitive inter- face. Itis sold
individually or as part of the Adobe Design
Premium,
Web,Web
Premium,
Production
Premium and Master Collection software suites.
Thetoolbar at the top of the screen can be set for
menus or tabs and sorts tools intoseven categories
based on their purpose. The tools needed for a
basic web pagecan be found under the Common
toolbar tab. A Favorites tab can be customizedto
contain the tools used most often. At the bottom of
the Dreamweaver editingwindow is the Properties
Inspector,which allows the user to adjust attributes
associated with a particular object. The inspector
palette automatically changesaccording to what
type of object is selected on the page.When a new
website is startedinDreamweaver, the first thing the
software asks the user to do is set upa site. Once
Dreamweaver has the site information, it will track
allthe page links and update them if pages are
moved or renamed. This programhas the ability to
synchronize the local files with those on the web
server tomake sure the two always match
Dreamweaver also includes the ability to
viewsamples as a list of names or as a
sitemap,showing
the
hierarchical
relationshipbetween the pages.
Eclipse:
Eclipse is an Integrated development environment
(IDE) comprising a base workspace and an
extensible plug-in system for customizing the
environment. It is written mostly in Java. It can be
used to develop applicationsin Java and, by means
of various plugins, other programming languages
including Ada, C, C++, COBOL, Fortran, Haskell,
JavaScript, Lasso, Perl,PHP, Python, Ruby
(including Ruby on Rails framework), Scala,
Clojure, Groovy,Scheme, and Erlang. It can also be
used
to
develop
packages
for
the
softwareMathematica. Development environments
include the Eclipse Java developmenttools (JDT)
for Java and Scala, Eclipse CDT for C/C++ and
Eclipse PDT forPHP, among others. The Eclipse
SDK includes the Eclipse Java developmenttools
(JDT), offering an IDE with a built-in incremental
Java compiler and a fullmodel of the Java source
files. This allows for advanced refactoring
techniquesand code analysis. The IDE also makes
use of a workspace, in this case a setof metadata
over a atfilespace allowing external modifications
as long as thecorresponding workspace "resource"
is refreshed afterwards.
IV. RESULTS
e-Diagnosis is successfully implemented using
Arduino Bluetooth module and Eclipse by
implementing all the features which have been
recognizedduring the initial phase. Health
Checking Mobile App successfully displays
andgive the information related to a blood
pressure,body
temperature
and
heartrate
readings.The hardware system also alerts the
patient of following prescription given by Doctors.
V. FUTURE SCOPE
The project can be extended by including features
like:
- The architecture developed using Arduino can be
extended and built asthe part of mobile
architecture.
- The idea can be extended for many other diseases.
- Size can be reduced.
VI. Conclusion
The system which measures the body temperature,
blood pressure,heartrate by means of temperature
sensor, pressure sensor,pulse sensor is recordedand
processed in Arduino controller.The processed
value and actual value areapproximately equal. The
necessary and sufficient steps to be taken according
tothe readings are provided in the App. Thus
portable system is designed successfully.
REFERENCES:
[1] H. Wang and J. Liu, \Mobile phone basedhealth
care technology," vol. 5,2009.
[2] W. H. Organization, \mhealth-new horizons fo
health through mobile technologies," 2011.
[3] A. Cueva, \Mobile technology for health care,"
2010.
[4] \Pic16f87xa data sheet," IEEE Trans. Pattern
Anal. Mach. Intell., 2003.
[5] \Mcp9700a data sheet," IEEE Trans. Pattern
Anal. Mach. Intell., 2003.
[6] \Mcx2050d data sheet,"