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Exercise Science 3 & 4
Muscle Anatomy – Upper and
Lower
LARGE SLIDES (PRINTABLE)
Printable Slides.
y As you know – normally the large slides are not printable.
y These large slides however are printable
y Great for reference for muscle anatomy.
y Ensure you only print the slides that you require! As this
group of slides is 59 pages!
y Location of the muscle – named for a bone or region
with which they are associated eg Temporalis (Temporal Lobe)
y Shape – named for a distinctive shape. Eg Deltoid
(triangular)
y Relative size of the muscle: eg, maximus (largest),
Minimus (smallest), Longus (longer in length than in
diameter)
y Direction of muscle fibers: eg Rectus (straight), Oblique
(at an angle)
Rectus Femoris
External
Oblique
y Number of origins: eg Biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps
(4). (# of heads)
y Location of the muscles origin and insertion: eg
sternocleidomastoid (on the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid
process)
y Action of the muscle: eg flexor and extensor (flexes or
extends a bone)
Pectoralis Major
Origin
• Clavicle, sternum,
cartilages of second to
sixth ribs
Insertion
• Greater tubercle and
intertubercular sulcus of
the humerus.
Action
•Flexion, Adductions and
medial rotation of the SJ
•Shoulder horizontal flexion
Pectoralis Minor
Origin
•Third through to
fifth Ribs
Insertion
•Coracoid process
Humerus
Action
•Depresses scapula
and pulls it forward
Serratus Anterior
Origin
•Superior eight or
nine Ribs
Insertion
• Medial border and
inferior angle of
scapula.
Action
• Scapula Abduction
and rotation (upward
and downward)
Trapezius
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Occipital bone,
ligamentum nuchae, and
spines of the seven cervical
and all thoracic vertebrae.
• Clavicle on acromion
and spine of scapulae
•Elevates clavicle,
•elevates and depresses
scapula,
•adducts scapula
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin
• Spines of inferior 6
thoracic vertebrae,
lumbar vertebrae, crests
of ilium and Sacrum and
inferior 4 ribs
Insertion
• Intertubercular
sulcus of humerus
Action
•Adduction,
extension and
medial rotation of
the SJ
Levator Scapula
Origin
• Superior 4 or 5
cervical vertebrae
Insertion
• Superior
medial border
of scapula
Action
•Elevation and downward
rotation of the scapula
Rhomboideus Minor
Origin
• Spines of 7th Cervical
and 1st thoracic
vertebrae
Insertion
•Superior medial
border of scapula
Action
•Adduction, elevation and
downward rotation of
scapula
Rhomboideus Major
Origin
• Spines of 2nd to 5th
thoracic vertebrae
Insertion
• Medial border
of scapula
Action
•Adduction, elevation and
downward rotation of
scapula
Teres Major
Origin
• Lateral Inferior angle of the
scapula
Insertion
• Intertubercular
sulcus of
humerus
Action
•Medial internal
rotation of SJ
Deltoid
Origin
• Acromial extremity of
clavicle and acromion
process of scapula.
Insertion
• Deltoid tuberosity
of humerus
Action
•Abduction, flexion
and extension of
SJ
Subscapularis
Origin
• Subscapular fossa
of scapula
• Lesser tubercle of
Insertion
humerus
Action
•Medial rotation
of the SJ
Supraspinatus
Origin
• Supraspinous
fossa of scapula
• Greater tubercle
Insertion
of humerus
Action
•Abduction of
SJ
Teres Minor
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Inferior, lateral border of
scapula
• Greater tubercle of
humerus
•Lateral rotation,
extension and
adduction of the SJ
Infrapsinatus
Origin
• Infraspinous fossa of
scapula
Insertion
• Greater tubercle of
humerus
Action
•Lateral SJ rotation
and Adduction of SJ
Coracobrachialis
Origin
• Coracoid process
of scapula
• Middle and medial
Insertion
shaft of humerus
Action
• Flexes and adduct
SJ
Biceps Brachii
Origin
•Scapula
Insertion •Radius
Action
•Flexion of SJ,
Supination of
forearm, flexion of EJ
Brachioradialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Medial and lateral
borders of distal end of
humerus
• Superior to styloid
process of radius
• Flexion of elbow joint
Brachialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Distal anterior surface of
humerus
• Ulnar tuberosity and
coronoid process of ulna
• Flexion of Elbow joint
Triceps Brachii
•Scapula,
Origin
humerous
Insertion •Ulna
Action
•Extension of
EJ
Iliocostalis
Origin
• Iliac crests (pelvis); inferior 6
ribs; ribs 3 to 6
Insertion
• Angles of the ribs; transverse
processes of cervical vertebrae
C6-C4
Action
• Extends vertebral column,
maintain erect posture; acting on
one side, bends vertebral column
to same side
Longissimus
Origin
• Transverse processes of lumbar through
to cervical vertebrae
Insertion
• Transverse processes of thoracic or
cervical vertebrae and to ribs superior to
origin
Action
• Middle to lower portion extends when
working together and lateral flexion when
working on one side. Upper portion
extends head and turn face towards the
same side
Spinalis
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Spines of upper lumbar
and lower thoracic
vertebrae
• Spines of upper thoracic
and cervical vertebrae
• Extends vertebral
column
Quadratus Lumborum
Origin
• Iliac crest (pelvis) and lumbar fascia
Insertion
• Transverse processes of upper lumbar
vertebrae and lower margin of 12th rib.
Action
• Flexion of vertebral column laterally when
acting separately; when pair acts jointly,
lumbar spine is extended and 12th rib is
fixed; maintains upright position; assists in
forced inspiration
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Sternum, clavicle
• Mastoid process of
temporal bone, superior
nuchal line occipital bone
• Head flexion, laterally
flexes head
Abdominals & Lower Body
External Oblique
Origin
• Outer surface of lower eight ribs.
Insertion
• Insertion: Most insert anteriorly via a broad
aponeurosis into linea alba; some into pubic crest,
tubercle, and iliac crest (pelvis).
Action
• Aid rectus abdominis in trunk flexion,
compressing abdominal wall, and increasing intraabdominal pressure when both contract and assists
muscles in the back in trunk rotation and lateral
flexion when one side activated.
Internal Oblique
Origin
• Lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament
(pelvis).
Insertion
• Linea alba, pubic crest, last three or four ribs,
and costal margin
Action
• Aid rectus abdominis in trunk flexion,
compressing abdominal wall, and increasing
intra-abdominal pressure when both contract
and assists muscles in the back in trunk rotation
and lateral flexion when one side activated.
Transversus Abdominis
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Inguinal ligament, lumbar
fascia, cartilages of last six
ribs; iliac crest (pelvis).
• Linea alba, pubic crest
(pelvis).
• Compresses abdominal
contents; “core stability”
Rectus Abdominis
Origin
• Pubic crest and symphysis (pelvis)
Insertion
• Xiphoid process (sternum) and
costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Action
• Flexes and rotates lumbar region of
vertebral column; fixes and depresses
ribs, stabilize pelvis during walking,
increase intra-abdominal pressure.
Iliacus
Origin
• Iliac Fossa on
Ilium
• Lesser trochanter
Insertion
on Femur
Action
• Flexion of HJ
Psoas
Origin
• Anterior surface of Lumbar
spine and Transverse Processes
of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion
• Lesser trochanter on Femur
Action
• Posteriorly tilts the pelvis to
stabilise for Iliacus to perform
hip flexion
Gluteus Maximus
Origin
•Iliac crest,
sacrum, coccyx
Insertion
•ITB and lateral to the
linea aspera inferior
of the greater
trochanter
Action
•Extension of HJ and
lateral rotation of HJ
Gluteus Medius & Minimus
Origin
• Outer surface of
the Ilium
• Greater
trochanter of
Insertion
femur
Action
• Abduction and
medial rotation of HJ
Deep Hip Rotators (Piriformis, Gemelli superior,
Obturator internus, Gemelli inferior, Obturator externus, Quadratus
femoris)
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Ischium
• Greater
trochanter of
femur
• External rotation
of the hip joint
Rectus Femoris
Origin
•Anterior inferior
iliac spine
•Tibial
tuberosity
Insertion via patella tendon
Action
•Extension of KJ
and flexion of HJ
Vastus Lateralis
Origin
• Greater trochanter and
linea aspera of femur
Insertion
•Tibial tuberosity via
patella tendon
Patella, tibia
Action
•Extension of Knee
joint
Vastus Medialis
Origin
• Linea aspera of
femur
Insertion
• Tibial tuberosity
via patella tendon
Action
• Extension of Knee
joint
Vastus Intermedius
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Anterior and lateral
surfaces of body of femur
• Tibial tuberosity via
patella tendon
• Extension of Knee joint
Sartorius
Origin
• Anterior superior Iliac spine
Insertion
• Anterior medial Tibial condyle
Action
• Assists with Hip flexion,
external rotation, hip
abduction, knee extension.
Adductor Group
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Pubic bone and
Ischium
• Linea Aspera on medial
surface of Femur
• Adduction of the
Hip joint
Tensor Fascia Latae
Origin
• ASIS
Insertion • ITB
Action
•Tenses fascia
Iliotibial Band
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Glute Maximus and TFL
• Anterior surface of the
lateral condyle of the Tibia
•Hip joint flexion,
abduction
•Knee joint extension
Biceps Femoris
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Ischial tuberosity (pelvis)
(long head); linea aspera and
distal femur (short head).
• Common tendon passes downward and
laterally (forming lateral border of
popliteal fossa) to insert into head of
fibula and lateral condyle of tibia.
• Extends Hip joint and flexes
knee joint
Semitendinosus
Origin
• Ischial tuberosity (pelvis)
in common with long head
of biceps femoris
Insertion
• Medial aspect of upper
tibial shaft (tibia).
Action
• Extends Hip joint and flexes
knee joint
Semimembranosus
Origin
• Ischial tuberosity (pelvis).
Insertion
• Medial condyle of tibia; via
oblique popliteal ligament
to lateral condyle of femur
Action
• Extends Hip joint and flexes
knee joint
Tibialis Anterior
Origin
• Lateral condyle and upper two
thirds of tibia shaft
Insertion
• By tendon into inferior surface
of medial cuneiform and
first metatarsal bone
Action
• Dorsi Flexion
Tibialis Posterior
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Superior tibia and fibula and
interosseous membrane
• Tendon passes behind medial
malleolus and under arch of
foot; inserts into several tarsals
and metatarsals 2 to 4
• Plantar flexion
Gastrocnemius
Origin
• By two heads from
medial and lateral
condyles of femur.
Insertion
• Posterior calcaneus via
calcaneal tendon (Achilles
tendon).
Action
• Plantar Flexion
Soleus
Origin
Insertion
Action
• Extensive cone-shaped origin
from superior tibia, fibula,
and interosseous membrane
• Posterior calcaneus via
calcaneal tendon (Achilles
tendon).
• Plantar Flexion