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Chapter 15 Earth Science Summary and Review Alex Chen Galloway/P5 May 28, 2003 1: The (c) focus is the point beneath the Earth’s surface where rock breaks apart and moves. 2: (b) Faulting is one major cause of earthquakes. 3: A (k) seismograph is an instrument used to detect earthquakes. 4: All earthquake waves are (j) seismic waves. 5: The fastest moving earthquake wave is the (h) primary wave. 6: The point on the Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus is the (a) epicenter. 7: The amount of energy released by an earthquake is the (f) magnitude. 8: The type of earthquake wave that travels slowest is the (e) long wave. 9: The boundary between the crust and the mantle is the (g) Moho. 10: A region around the Earth where neither P-waves or S-waves can be detected is the (l) shadow zone. 11: The Richter scale measures an earthquake’s (a) magnitude. 12: The effects of an earthquake depend on (d) the strength of the seismic waves, what the ground is made of, and the type of structure in the area. 13: Earthquake damage is usually greatest (b) at the epicenter. 14: Most deaths and injuries during earthquakes are the result of (b) collapsing buildings and fire. 15: Scientists believe that the Earth’s outer core is liquid because (b) S-waves cannot travel through it. 16: A band circling the Earth, in which no seismic waves from an earthquake can be detected, is the (a) shadow zone. 17: The order of speed of seismic waves is (c) P-waves, S-waves, L-waves. 18: The Elastic Rebound Theory states that earthquakes are caused by (c) the snapping back of rocks when they break under great forces. 19: As seismic waves pass from the crust to the mantle, they (b) speed up. 20: Which of the following would an earthquake affect the least? (a) a building in the shadow zone. 21: The major earthquake zones are the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Mediterranean Belt, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. 22: Two measurements scientists can make about earthquakes are intensity and magnitude. 23: Earthquakes are caused by faulting, which is basically the movement of rocks along a fault line. There are several types of faulting; all with different causes; but with the effect of an earthquake. 24: The Earth’s interior is divided into four layers, which are, in order from outside to inside: Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core. 25: Three effects of earthquakes are the shaking of a ground for at least a few seconds, landslides, and tsunamis.