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NAME_________________________________________________________________PERIOD________________ Part of Speech Definition NOUN N A person, place, thing, or idea. Tom, girl, California, watch, happiness. A noun is the name of any thing As school, or garden, hoop, or swing. ADJECTIVE ADJ Words that modify or describe nouns. The red (apple), a clean (car), one gigantic (house), She, it, he, they, us, me I, his, hers, yours Adjectives describe the kind of noun As great, small pretty, white, or brown. PRONOUN PRO VERBS AV action LV linking Helping Verbs HV ADVERBS ADV CONJUNCTIONS CON PREPOSITION PREP INTERJECTION INT Takes the place of a noun. Verbs show action or state of being (how things are). State of being verbs are called linking verbs. Some verbs help other main verbs. Might have been running, could have had, should have gone. Examples Instead of nouns, Pronouns fit As he, me, you, they and it. Run, sing, Is, was, were, tastes, feels, smells is, am, are, was, were, be, being, been, do, did, does, has, have, had, may, might, must, shall, will, should, would, could, can Happily, slowly, now, well, very, really, not, always… Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. They often end in ly and tell when, when, how, how much, how long, to what extent. Words that join words And, or, nor, but, or groups of words because, so, if, together. although, when, while, Correlative conjunctions are used together: neither..nor, either..or, both and Shows position or Aboard, about, above, relationship. Begins a below, in, out, down, prepositional phrase. by, from, to, like, on, since, up, until…. Words that express emotion or surprise. Not grammatically part of the sentence. Memory Helper OUCH! Yikes, Darn, oops, hey, please, no, wow. Verbs tell of something being done, To read, write, count, sing, jump, or run. Memorize these! How, when and where the Adverbs tell, As slowly, near, now, then and well. Conjunctions join the words together, As men and women, wind or weather. Prepositions come before A noun, as in or through a door. Prepositions are almost always followed by some kind of noun. The interjection shows surprise, As Oh, how pretty, and Ah, how wise. SEVEN USES OF THE NOUN OR PRONOUN (Other grammar lingo you need to know!) The SUBJECT of a sentence is the noun or pronoun that the sentence is about. The HOUSE is yellow. The PREDICATE NOMINATIVE /PREDICATE NOUN is a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and refers to the subject. The man is a DOCTOR. The APPOSITIVE is a noun or pronoun that refers to another noun in the sentence, and is usually set off by commas. Manuel, the owner, bought the store last year. (the owner is the appositive and refers to the noun, Manuel) The DIRECT OBJECT is a noun or pronoun that receives the action expressed by the verb, and answers the question”Who?” or “What?” after the action verb. The boy hit the ball. (Ball is the direct object and received the action from the verb. Ball answers the question, “What?”) The INDIRECT OBJECT of the verb is a noun or pronoun that precedes (comes before) the direct object and tells TO WHOM OR FOR WHOM the action is done. Please give me the book. ( ME is the indirect object. It tells TO WHOM the book is given.) If the word “to” or “for” is used, the noun or pronoun is no longer an indirect object, but rather part of a prepositional phrase. (Give the book to me.) The OBJECT OF THE PREPOSTION is the noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional phrase. I went TO THE STORE (To the store is the prepositional phrase. Store is the object of the preposition—to. The NOUN OF DIRECT ADDRESS is the person in a sentence who is being spoken to. This noun is usually set off by a comma. John, have you seen my brother? A SHORT LIST OF PREPOSITIONS Aboard About Above Across After Against Along Amid Among Around At Before behind below beneath beside between beyond but (except) by down during except for from in into like near of off on over past since through throughout to toward under underneath until unto up upon with within without