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Tissue Types
II. Neural Tissue
Two Types of Cells:
1) Neurons:
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Longest cells in the body
Highly branched into many short DENDRITES- that
receive information from the environment
and long AXONS that carry or relay information to
other nerve cells.
At the end of the axon is an intercellular junction
called a SYNAPSE
The cell body or SOMA contains the nucleus.
Neural Tissue
1) Neuron (continued)
• Function:
– Carries impulses from one part of the body
to another rand to the brain
– Makes up the brain and spinal cord
Neuron
Neural Tissue
2) Neuroglia
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Four different types support and protect the
NEURONS by
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Surrounding them
Lining the spinal chord and brain chambers
Providing a chemical barrier
Phagocytizing disease causing agents in the
nervous system.
IV. Muscle Tissue
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Tissue specialized for contraction
STRAITED VOLUNTARY MUSCLE
SKELTAL MUSCLE
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STRUCTURE:
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FUNCTION:
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Fibers have a band-like appearance created by the protein
filaments of actin and myosin
Cells are large, long and multinucleated
Separate cells are hard to see
Is held together by MUSCLE FASCIA
Moves bones and other structures VOLUNTARILY when
stimulated by nerves
Has the ability to respond to stimuli has “Irritability”
LOCATION: arms, legs, any other muscle that you have
control over.
• 2. NON STRIATED INVOLUNTARY
• Structure:
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Fibers do not have a band like appearance.
Are not connected to bone
Cells have a single nucleus
Individual cells are visible
• Function:
– May contract on their own or be stimulated by the involuntary
nervous system.
• Location:
– In the walls of blood vessels
– In the iris of the eye
– In the gastrointestinal tract
• 3) STRIATED INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE
– CARDIAC MUSCLE
Structure: actin and myocin give the cells a striped (striated)
appearance.
– muscle cells are called CARDIOCYTES and are a branched
“network” of interconnected cells.
– Cells are multinucleated
– Individual cells are hard to see
– Are not connected to bone.
• Function:
– Internal regulator cells “pacemaker cells” causes rhythmic
contractions without stimulation that serve to circulate blood
through the body
• Location: ONLY IN THE HEART
Membranes
• At the tissue level (basement membrane)
• Form a barrier
• Four Types ( are a combination of
epithelial and connective tissue)
– 1. Mucous
– 2. Serous
– 3. Cutaneous
– 4. Synovial
Mucous Membrane
• Structure:
– Simple, stratified or transitional epithelium
– May contain goblet cells: unicellular exocrine
glands or multicellular exocrine glands
• Function:
– Line cavities that communicate with the
exterior environment e.g. digestive,
respiratory, reproductive and urinary tract
Serous Membrane
• Structure:
– Simple epithelium
– Loose connective tissue
– Very thin and tightly connected to the body
wall and organs the cover.
– Has parietal and visceral portions:
• Parietal: line the outer wall of the internal chamber
• Visceral: covers the organs within the body cavity
Serous Membrane (cont)
• A transudate or serous fluid covers the parietal
and visceral surfaces and minimizes friction
between the opposing surfaces.
• Function:
– To reduce friction between the body wall and internal
organs
• A) Pleura- lines the pleural cavity and covers lungs
• B) Peritoneum- lines the peritoneal cavity and covers the
enclosed organs.
• C) Pericardium- lines the pericardial cavity and covers the
heart.
(Pleurisy, Pericarditis, Peritonitis)
Cutaneous Membrane
• The skin
• Structure:
– Stratified squamous epithelium
– Underlying connective tissues
– Adipose, dense irregular, connective
– And accessory organs (glands)
– Thick, relatively waterproof and usually dry
Synovial Membranes
• Structure:
– Loose connective tissue
– An incomplete epithelium of squamous or cuboidal cells
• There is no basement membrane
• Gaps exist between adjacent cells
• Function:
– Surrounds joints
– Regulates the production and composition of SYNOVIAL FLUID
which fills the joint cavity and…
• Prevents direct contact of bones
• Prevents abrasion and damage by impact to the ends of bones
• Allows for smooth movement.