Download Path review

Path review- 9-14-06 1pm
Granulation tissue versus granulomas- know difference
-healing tissue versus necrotic tissue
-don’t have to tell between liquefactive necrosis and wet gangrene from slides
-several questions where he gives an example and we have to classify the type of immune
response, and understand the mechanisms behind the different classifications
Lab stuff- know lab objectives, case studies
10 to 15 pictures…maybe with more than 1 question per picture
**This is stuff I quickly typed out as he was giving the review. These are all comments
he made about the slides, and I coordinated the slides numbers from the online lab (the
first series of numbers) with the slide he was reviewing. If there is a second number(s)
on the line, then those number(s) refer to numbers on the slides. If I’m unclear/wrong
about anything, please let me know. I hope this helps.
Lab 1Heart
1- Heart is normal size….red discoloration is early coagulative necrosis
3- Myocardial wall- darker area (2) is hyper-eosinoplilic and more necrotic
4- 1-necrotic- not as many nuclei 2-vacuolar degeneration
7- 3- tissue is coagulatively necrosed 2- undergoing some necrosis
Kidney
5- Coagulation necrosis- no nuclei on renal tubular cells
Lung
1- Abscesses on lung
3- Structure is lost
6- Abscess in tissue- neutrophils wall off the infection
7- Neutrophils
8- More neutrophils walling off the necrosis
Fat
1- First picture will definitely see- fat necrosis
Tuberculosis
6- Caseating granuloma
7- 1- giant cell  from macrophages from monocytes
Apoptosis (prostate)
2- Fragmented nuclei
Slides “don’t impress me a whole lot”- talked about different examples of physiological
apoptosis
Lab 2
Heart
1- Normal heart versus a hypertrophic heart
5- Dilation- heart muscle got thin and subsequently weak
6- Physiologic hypertrophy of the uterus
Prostate
5- Glands have invaginations when they should be smooth- characteristic of hyperplasia
9- Kidney was obstructed- enlarged renal pelvises
Kidney
3- 1- normal epithelium 2- metaplastic epithelium is several times thicker
4- Higher power of the thicknesses of the epithelium
6- Transitional epithelium going into squamous metaplasia
7- Squamous metaplasia- squamous cells are flat (duh)
Testis
5- 1-tubules of the testis don’t have any mature sperm in thematrophy and is involuting
8- Kidney on left is atrophic
2-going through
LungKnow difference between metastatic and dystrophic calcification
3- Some pulmonary edema 2-pink material in alveoli means edema
5- Calcium deposits 2-proteinaciuos fluid dark staining is calcium (1)
6- Calcium on valves
7- Dystrophic calcification
Liver
3- Hepatocytes being replaced by vacuolar cells- fat is being deposited
8- Red is fat in liver
10-cihrrotic liver- cells remain intact blue bands of tissue represent scar tissue from
cleaning up necrotic cells
11- Nodules on kidney surface- light spots
12- Scar tissue- pale
Lab 3
Appendix
-massive amounts of immune cells
Lobar pneumonia
2- Bacteria in lungs starts recruitment of immune cells and lots of other things….fluid
comes into lungs, bacteria grows, and it starts to have the consistency of liver
6-arrows- alveoli filled w/ neutrophils and edema
Bronchopneumonia
-only involves segmental bronchi
1- abscesses- lighter area on left of lung is where the pneumonia infection is taking place
3- Abscesses forming 2-lost architecture of lung
4-have distinguishable alveoli (3) and also a large area with lost structure (2)
7- No alveoli present- lung abscess
Sarcoidosis
4- Macrophages in center, granulomas surround
5- Giant cell
Tuberculosis
1-bacteria like oxygen, so it usually grows on upper regions of lung where there is high
gas exchange
4- Giant cells and granuloma
5- Acid fast bacteria- lipid in cell walls don’t stain with Gram’s stain
Foreign body granuloma
4- Foreign bodies walled off
Fibrinous pericarditits
2- Epicardium becomes fibrinous
Peptic ulcer
3- 2-Epithelium lost
4- Inflammatory cells at base of the ulcer
8- Healing of ulcer
9- Granulation tissue
10- Scar tissue at base of ulcer
Healed infarction
-most early slides show liquefactive necrosis
Acute MI
6- Thrombus and lines of Zhan
Healed MI
1- Has white scar tissue
4- Most recent injury has a curling of the fibers
Lab 4
Pulmonary edema
-remember pathologies of edemas
Liver
-Nutmeg liver- chronic passive congestion causes liver to have the appearance of a cut
nutmeg
4- Centrolobular necrosis- shows accumulation of red cells around central vein
Mural thrombus
-Bercal’s (sp?) triad- went over constituents
Coronary artery
1- Coronary arteries full of thrombotic material
2- Artery is completely occluded
7- Organized thrombus- artery still has some lumen
Lung thromboembolus
-Comes from slowed blood flow- clots form in veins and then move to lungs
4-thrombus lodged in artery
Lab 6
Rheumatoid arthritis
- Slide about R.A. will be on test
Grave’s disease
-hyperthyroidism
5- Hyperplasia of thyroid follicles marked by in-folding
6- Goiter
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
-Hypothyroid- gland is being attacked
-Full of lymphocytes- key to recognizing
Polyarteritis nodosa
8-inflammatory cells surrounding arteries
Scleroderma
1-fibrotic areas- can spread to other parts of body
Glomerulonephritis
2- Thinning of the kidney cortex….see hyaline masses and amorphous tissue
3- Normal (1) and hyalinized (2) glomeruli
7-post strep infection
Kidney acute transplant rejection
6-cellular infiltrates and inflammatory process- still have intact structure of some kidney
tubules- hallmark of acute rejection
Chronic rejection
3- Lots of scar tissue- fibrous connective tissue has replaced the tubules- hallmark of
chronic rejection
Multiple myeloma with Amyloid
4- Compression fractures- disease of older people
Liver- Amyloidosis
4- Pink stuff is amyloid
8- Shiny particles are amyloid