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EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER GAMES
1972-1977
Pong
Odyssey
1977-1981
Beginning of the use of microprocessors
ATARI VCS system
1985-1989
8 bit systems (Nintendo and Sega)
1989-1995
16 bit systems (NEC Turbographix 16)
Sega Genesis
Super NES
NEO-GEO, Atari Jaguar
TYPES OF GAMES
Side scrolling
First person shooter
Fighting
Racing
RPG
Board Games
Game AI Components
Movement-
avoid obstacles, navigation, paths, move
appropriately
Animation-display of the character in certain situations
Combat-selecting tactics to help it reach its goal, or to prevent
another from reaching its goal
Behavior-determines the characters goals, how it
by the previous components
acts, defined
Artificial Intelligence
The attempt emulate intelligence in
machines.
Terminology used in game AI (also
used in general AI)
– Agent- the entity that acts on Artificial
intelligence
– Goal – a desired result for an agent
– Utility-a grading system for an agents
goals
AI Techniques incorporated in making games
Expert Systems
Finite-State Machines
Production Systems
Decision Tree
Case-Based
Genetic Algorithms
Neural Networks
Fuzzy Logic
Expert Systems
• Finite
• performs automated reasoning in response to
queries.
Finite State Machines
• A simple rule based system (most used
Technique in the industry)
Production Systems
• Uses a database of rules with actions based on
those rules
Decision Tree
• An algorithmically generates tree that outputs
an action based on “training examples”
Case-Based Reasoning
• Analyzes a set of inputs to a set of possible situations
and behavioral out puts.
Genetic Algorithms
• Assembles solutions from “fitting” fragments from input.
Neural Networks
• Uses a network of nodes. It adjusts internal numeric
parameters with goal of response optimization.
Fuzzy Logic
• Utilizes numeric values to represent a degree of order
in specified relationships or phenomena.
Applications of these techniques in
today's video game market
Quake II
Used the concept of FSM
to control the monsters in
the game.
Virtua Fighter 4
Used neural networks to help
the games fighters adapt to
the users style and skill.
Applications of these
techniques in video games not
in today's market
Clashing Fists
Used the concept of
FSM (slightly altered)
to control the
computer controlled
fighter in the game.
Spade
Used FSM with (slightly altered) to
control the multiple opponents to the
player
Should computer games
be taken seriously?
Because of the prevalence of video
games within our society they should
be. Videogames posses a lot of power
in terms of it recognition in society.
Developers have to be more
responsible for what they put out there
for so many to experience.