Download mundus novus

Ch. 23: Transoceanic Encounters and Global
Connections
I. European exploration of the oceans.
A. Motives.
1. Resources.
2. Direct trade with the Far East.
3. Christian missionary efforts.
B. Prince Henry the Navigator (Dom
Henrique) of Portugal sponsored
exploration of the western coast of Africa
in the early 1400s.
C. Europe-Asia by sea? The Portuguese!
Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the Cape of
Good Hope in 1488. Vasco de Gama
reached India in 1498.
Great Age of Exploration
Wind and current patterns in the world's oceans.
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European exploration in the Atlantic Ocean, 1486-1498.
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
II. Christopher Columbus of Genoa (Italy)
A. Hero or villain? Discoverer or invader? One
certainty: the world was transformed.
B. Departed from Spain in August 1492. By
October 1492, he reached the Bahamas.
Three three subsequent voyages: 1493,
1498, 1502.
C. Encountered Taino (Arawak) people on
present-day Hispaniola.
D. Discovered clockwise circulation of Atlantic
winds and currents.
III. Columbian Exchange
Europe received
Americas received
Potatoes
Horses, Cows,
Tomatoes
Pigs, Wheat,
Gold
Sugar, Rice,
Silver
Smallpox, Diphtheria,
Corn
Scarlet Fever,
Chocolate
Measles,
Tobacco
Enslaved Africans
Syphilis
IV. Amerigo Vespucci of Florence (Italy)
A. Voyage to the Caribbean in 1498. First to
call the lands, mundus novus (new world).
Hence, in the 16th C., European
geographers called the new continents,
the Americas.
V. Ferdinand Magellan of Portugal
circumnavigated the globe from 1519 to
1522.
Amerigo Vespucci
Vasco da Gama
Ferdinand Magellan
European exploration in the Pacific Ocean, 15191780.
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VI. Other important marine navigators included
Vasco de Balboa (Pacific Ocean), Vitus Bering
(Bering Strait), and James Cook (Pacific
Ocean islands).
VII. Powerful trading companies formed such as
the British East India Company and the
United (Dutch) East India Company (VOC).
VIII. European conquests of Southeast Asia:
Spain (the Philippines) and the Dutch (Java,
which is part of Indonesia).
Vasco de Balboa
Vitus Bering
James Cook
European trading posts in Africa and Asia, 1700
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IX. The Seven Years’ War (1756-1763).
A. England and Prussia versus France,
Austria, and Russia.
B. First global war. Conflict in the American
colonies known as the French and Indian
Wars.
C. Results of the war helped put Britain in a
powerful world trading position.