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DO NOT MARK ON THIS TEST 8th Grade Science PreTest Multiple Choice: Identify the choice that best completes the statement of answers the question. 1. A characteristic of mammals, like thick fur or blubber, that helps them survive in cold climates is called a(n) __________________________. (8.E.6B.1) A. adaptation C. natural selection B. variation D. evolution 2. The process of __________________ occurs when a species changes over the course of time to better survive in its environment. (8.E.6B.1) A. development C. adaptation B. evolution D. growing 3. What type of fossil is formed when minerals replace all or parts of an organism? (8.E.6A.4) A. mold fossil C. carbonized fossil B. trace fossil D. petrified fossil 4. Which part of Geologic Time includes modern humans? (8.E.6A.1) A. Paleozoic Era C. Mesozoic Era B. Precambrian Time D. Cenozoic Era 5. During which division of Geologic Time did simple plants like ferns, mosses, and then cone bearing plants first appear? (8.E.6A.1) A. Precambrian Time C. Paleozoic Era B. Mesozoic Era D. Cenozoic Era 6. The Geologic Time Scale is a record of ___________________________. (8.E.6A.1) A. the thickness of sedimentary rocks C. the rate of fossil formation B. the life forms and geologic events on Earth D. the time since the dinosaurs 7. The Law of Superposition states that as you dig down in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer of rock is ________________________________. (8.E.6A.2) A. always older than the vertical layers. B. older than the layer above it C. younger than the layer above it D. the same age as the layer above it 8. A type of organism that no longer exists on Earth is _______________. (8.E.6B.2) A. fossilized C. extinct B. instinct D. evolved 9. Use the diagram below to order the rock layers from oldest to youngest using the Law of Superposition. (8.E.6A.2) A. B. C. D. I, B, F, M, H, R H, R, M, F, B, I I, B, F, M R, H R, H, M, F, B, I 10. Why are index fossils useful to geologists? (8.E.6A.2) A. They tell the absolute age of the rock layer in which they occur. B. They tell the ages of many different rocks. C. They tell the absolute age of the rock layer above where it occurs. D. They tell the relative age of the rock layer in which they occur. 11. Removing natural habitats, over-harvesting, and pollution are 3 types of _______________ factors that could cause the extinction of some organisms. (8.E.6B.2) A. natural C. biological B. man-made D. limiting 12. Overall, scientists believe which layer of Earth is the thickest? (8.E.5A3) A. crust C. outer core B. mantle D. inner core 13. Pressure increases with depth as you move toward the center of Earth. Based on this principle, which layer would you expect to have the least pressure? (8.E.5A.3) A. crust C. outer core B. mantle D. inner core 14. A layer of hot rock with the property of plasticity describes Earth’s ____________. (8.E.5A.3) A. crust C. outer core B. mantle D. inner core 15. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by ___________. (8.E.5A.4) A. gravity C. magnetic field B. convection currents D. subduction 16. Using the diagram above, what type of plate boundary occurs at X? (8.E.5A.4) A. convergent C. transform B. divergent D. strike-slip 17. Using the diagram above, what type of plate boundary occurs at Y? (8.E.5A.4) A. convergent C. transform B. divergent D. strike-slip 18. What type of fault is characterized by rocks sliding past each other with little up or down movement? (8.E.5A.4) A. transform C. normal B. reverse D. strike-slip 19. If an earthquake were to happen at a transform boundary, the force and fault would be _________________ and ___________________. (8.E.5A.4) A. compression, reverse C. tension, normal B. shear, strike slip D. compression, normal 20. All of the inner planets have _____________________. (8.E.4B.1) A. rings C. moons B. life D. rocks 21. What processes create igneous rock? (8.E.5A.2) A. melting & cooling C. melting & freezing B. compaction & cementation D. heat & pressure 22. What processes create sedimentary rock? (8.E.5A.2) A. melting & cooling C. melting & freezing B. compaction & cementation D. heat & pressure 23. Based on what evidence does science prove the existence of a historic supercontinent called Pangaea? (8.E.5A.5) A. fossil distribution C. an asteroid impact B. volcanic eruptions D. earthquakes 24. Small pieces of rock that enter Earth’s atmosphere and burn up are called ___________? (8.E.4B.1) A. stars C. meteors B. meteorites D. asteroids 25. What are the darker, cooler areas on the surface of the Sun? (8.E.4B.6) A. sunspots C. solar flares B. coronas D. prominences 26. Huge, arching columns of gas that shoot out of the surface of the sun are called _ ____________________. (8.E.4B.6) A. sunspots C. solar flares B. coronas D. prominences 27. Shortwave radio transmissions can be interrupted by solar wind that is created by ___________________. (8.E.4B.6) A. sunspots C. solar flares B. coronas D. prominences 28. In what order should the Earth, sun, and moon be in for a lunar eclipse to occur? (8.E.4B.4) A. Earth, moon, and sun. C. moon, sun, and Earth B. sun, Earth, and moon D. Earth, sun, and moon 29. During which phase can a lunar eclipse occur? (8.E.4B.4) A. full moon C. new moon B. 1st quarter moon D. 3rd quarter moon 30. When the southern end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun, North American will experience ___________________. (8.E.4B.3) A. more indirect sunlight and shorter days B. more indirect sunlight and longer days C. more direct sunlight and shorter days D. more direct sunlight and longer days 31. In the Northern Hemisphere, the summer solstice occurs when the sun is directly over what part of Earth. (8.E.4B.3) A. the equator C. 23.5 north latitude B. the north pole D. 23.5 south latitude 32. An equinox occurs when (8.E.4B.3) A. neither end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward or away from the sun B. the north end of Earth’s axis is tilted toward the sun C. the north end of Earth’s axis is tilted away from the sun D. Earth’s axis is parallel to the sun’s rays 33. Ocean tides are caused mainly by (8.E.4B.2) A. Earth’s rotation on its axis, which causes water to move B. differences in how much the sun pulls on different parts of the Earth C. strong winds blowing water toward the coasts D. differences in how much the moon pulls on different parts of the Earth 34. What force keeps objects in the solar system revolving around the sun? (8.E.4B.2) A. gravity C. magnetism B. friction D. contact 35. When are tides highest? (8.E.4B.4) A. during the moon’s 1st quarter phase B. when the sun, Earth, and moon are nearly aligned C. during the moon’s 3rd quarter phase D. when the sun, Earth, and moon form a right angle 36. When do neap tides occur? (8.E.4B.4) A. during the full moon phase B. when the sun, Earth, and moon are nearly aligned C. during the new moon phase D. when the sun, Earth, and moon form a right angle 37. The Milky Way galaxy is an example of a(n) ___________________ galaxy. (8.E.4A.1) A. spiral C. elliptical B. globular D. cluster 38. What is a light year? (8.E.4A.1) A. how fast light travels in a year C. how far light travels in a year B. the distance from Earth to sun D. the amount of light produced in a year 39. Theories of the origin of the Universe have to take into account that light from other galaxies is (8.E.4A.2) A. shifted to the yellow end of the spectrum B. shifted to the violet end of the spectrum C. shifted to the green end of the spectrum D. shifted to the red end of the spectrum 40. Recent research has discovered that the universe is __________________ at a faster rate than previously believed. (8.E.4A.2) A. exploding C. shrinking B. expanding D. dying 41. Exploration of space beyond the moon has only been done by ________. (8.E.4B.5) A. space probes with no crew C. space probes with a crew B. astronauts in space shuttles D. the International Space Station 42. Which instrument is used to determine what a star is made of? (8.E.4B.5) A. telescope C. spectroscope B. satellite D. space probe 43. A trucker drives at an average speed of 112 km/hr for 4 hours before stopping for lunch. Calculate how far the trucker has traveled. (8.P.2A.7) A. 28 km C. 116 km B. 448 km D. 108 km 44. What is the velocity of a train if it can travel 330 miles in 3 hours? (8.P.2A.7) A. 990 mph C. 110 mph B. 11 mph D. 99 mph 45. According to the graph below, which object is traveling at the slowest speed? (8.P.2A.6) A. A B. B C. C D. they are all the same speed 46. There are over 2000 human made satellites orbiting the Earth at speeds over 17,000mph. Once they are launched into space, what force keeps a satellite in orbit by pulling it back towards Earth and preventing it from continuing to travel out into space? (8.P.2A.5) A. friction C. planetary motion B. magnetism D. gravity 47. Which is an example of balanced forces acting on an object? (8.P.2A.2) A. an acorn falling from a tree B. a car parked in a driveway C. a motorcycle changing speed from 50 mph to 70 mph D. a truck slowing down as it approaches a red light 48. During a game of tug-of-war, a scarf is tied in the center of the rope. According to the diagram below why would the scarf move toward the right? (8.P.2A.2) A. B. C. D. the net force is zero the forces are balanced the team on the left is exerting a greater force the team on the right is exerting a greater force 49. The tendency of an object to resist any change in motion is called ____________. (8.P.2A.3) A. mass C. inertia B. gravity D. forcre 50. What states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an outside force? (8.P.2A.3) A. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion C. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion B. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion D. Law of Gravity 51. What states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction? (8.P.2A.4) A. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion C. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion B. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion D. Law of Gravity 52. What states that force is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by the acceleration of the object (F=ma). (8.P.2A.1) A. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion C. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion nd B. Newton’s 2 Law of Motion D. Law of Gravity 53. Which of the following would not affect the amount of force needed to start or stop an object? (8.P.2A.1) A. mass C. velocity B. weight D. volume 54. What do waves carry when they travel from one place to another? (8.P.3A.1) A. particles C. matter B. energy D. atoms 55. A solid, liquid, or gas through which a wave can travel is called a(n) _________. (8.P.3A.1) A. medium C. vacuum B. mean D. empty space 56. What is the number of wavelengths that pass by a point each second? (8.P.3A.2) A. frequency C. amplitude B. wavelength D. trough 57. If a sound wave has a high frequency, what else will it have? (8.P.3A.2) A. long wavelength C. high pitch B. low energy D. low pitch 58. Frosted glass and wax paper are both ____________________, scattering light as it passes through them. (8.P.3A.3) A. transparent C. clear B. translucent D. opaque 59. When 2 waves intersect and they have the same wave height, ___________________ interference occurs. (8.P.3A.4) A. constructive C. standing B. destructive D. density 60. The colored ring of muscle that controls the pupil is the _______. (8.P.3A.5) A. cornea C. lens B. iris D. retina 61. The transparent surface of the eye through which light is first refracted is the _________. (8.P.3A.5) A. cornea C. lens B. iris D. retina 62. If a t-shirts absorbs red, orange, yellow, blue, indigo, and violet wavelengths of light, what color will the eye determine the t-shirt to be? (8.P.3A.5) A. green C. blue B. white D. black 63. The __________________ the frequency of a radio wave, the more information it can carry. (8.P.3A.6) A. lower C. higher B. louder D. softer 64. Cell phones operate with radio frequencies but wifi waves are ___________ and are found just before microwaves on the electromagnetic spectrum. (8.P.3A.6) A. shorter C. longer B. faster D. slower 65. What skill is a scientist using when she listens to the sounds that whales makes. (8.S.1A.3) A. making a hypothesis C. interpreting data B. making observations D. drawing conclusions 66. What is the correct order of the steps in the scientific method. (8.S.1A.3) A. Make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze the results, ask a question, draw conclusions, communicate results. B. Ask questions, make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze results, draw conclusions, communicate results. C. Ask a question, analyze results, make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, draw conclusions, communicate results. D. Ask a question, make a hypothesis, test hypothesis, draw conclusions, analyze results, communicate results. 67. A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount of salt in a body of water affects the number of plants that can live in the water. In this experiment the independent variable is (8.S.1A.3) A. the number of plants in the water C. the amount of salt in the water B. the temperature of the water D. the water 68. If you were measuring the mass of a fly, you should use (8.S.1A.5) A. kilograms C. meters B. grams D. liters 69. If you wanted to know volume of water in a bottle of soda, you would use (8.S.1A.5) A. kiloliters C. liters B. grams D. milliliters 70. ___________________ involves modifying the natural world to fulfill the wants and needs of humans. (8.S.1B.1) A. scientific method C. experiments B. technology D. controlled investigation