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Chapter 5: Ancient China
Chapter Notes
I.
The Geography of China’s River Valleys
a. Dragons
i. Dragons were a respected spirit.
ii. Friendly beasts that brought ____________________.
iii. Thought they were gods that were responsible for the rains that
made field fertile.
b. The Geography of Ancient China
i. Contrasting Climate and Landforms
1. The North China Plain has only a brief, but intense,
summer rainy season caused by __________________
winds.
2. The Climate in the south is warm and wet.
ii. Effects on Civilization
1. Geographic barriers like mountains and seas separated
China from other lands.
2. They were so sure they were at the center of the world, they
called themselves the ____________________ Kingdom.
iii. Yellow River
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1. It is the muddiest river in the world.
2. It’s called the Yellow River because of the
________________, or yellow-brown soil, that its waters
carry along.
3. The river left fertile soil that the Chinese grew a grain
called __________________.
iv. Huang River
1. Chinese also called the river, “China’s _______________.”
2. Destructive floods could come without warning, sometimes
as often as every two years.
v. Flood Control
1. A _______________ is a protective wall that holds back
the waters.
c. Early Civilization in China
i. The Shang Dynasty
1. The Shang Dynasty was the first civilization in China.
2. Began sometime around _____________ B.C.
3. They produced some of the finest bronze work of ancient
China.
4. Produced China’s first _______________ system.
ii. The Zhou Dynasty (joh)
1. The Zhou conquered the Shang in 1122 B.C.
2. Ruled for almost _____________ years.
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a. This period was divided into the earlier Western
Zhou dynasty and the later Eastern Zhou dynasty.
3. Ended as the Qin (Chin) emerged.
iii. Mandate of Heaven
1. Sometimes rulers inherited the throne.
2. At other times, they fought for the right to rule.
3. The Chinese believed that rulers came to power because it
was their ________________, or fate.
4. A ____________________ is a law, or an order.
5. It supported a leader’s right to rule.
6. It gave a father authority over his family.
d. Importance of the Family
i. The _______________ was as the center of early Chinese society.
1. Considered more important that the individual or
_______________.
ii. Traditional Families
1. A household may have contained as many as five
generations living together.
2. These closely related families are called an
_________________ family.
3. The rich would live in big houses while the poor would live
in separate one room cottages within walking distance of
one another.
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iii. Family Authority
1. Status in family depended on age and sex.
2. Center of authority was generally the
_______________________.
a. He decided who his children and grandchildren
would marry.
b. Disrespect was severely _________________.
c. After oldest male died, land would be divided
among sons and each son started his own
household.
iv. Women’s Roles
1. Considered of lower status than men.
2. Women were bound by the Three ____________________:
a. Obey their fathers in youth.
b. Obey their husbands after their marriage.
c. Obey their sons in widowhood.
3. Also guided by the Four _________________:
a. Morality
b. Modesty
c. Proper Speech
d. Domestic Skills
4. Would also respect the wishes of her mother-in-law.
v. Family Names
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1. In the 300s B.C., the Chinese established the practice of
using inherited ____________ names along with a
personal name.
2. In Chinese society, the family name comes first.
II.
Confucius and His Teachings
a. The Life of Confucius
i. The Chinese called him Kong Fu Zi or Master ___________.
1. Confucius is the Latinized version of his name.
ii. The Early Years
1. Born in _________ B.C.
iii. A Pioneer Teacher
1. He charged students a ________ to take classes.
2. He died in 479 B.C. at age _________.
3. Felt his life was a ________________.
b. The Teachings of Confucius
i. Confucianism
1. His students gathered a collection of his sayings after his
death.
2. These writings made up a system of beliefs and values, or a
____________________.
ii. Bring Order to Society
1. Confucius hoped to persuade rulers to change their ways
and bring peace and order to China.
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iii. Respecting Others
1. People should know their place in the family and
_______________.
2. Five ______________ Relationships:
a. Ruler and Ruled
b. Father and son
c. Husband and wife
d. Older brother and younger brother
e. Friend and friend
iv. Religious Traditions
1. Confucianism is a philosophy but has functioned as a
___________________ for many people.
2. Many Chinese practiced Confucianism alongside their
existing religious traditions.
3. Most Chinese believed that life should be lived in
_________________ with nature.
4. Taoism
a. Happiness comes from living a balanced life.
b. Based off the writings of Lao Tze (Low dzuh), a
Chinese thinker that lived in the 500s B.C.
c. Quotes from Lao Tze:
i. A good traveler has no fixed plans, and is
not intent on arriving.
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ii. A leader is best when people barely know he
exists, when his work is done, his aim
fulfilled, they will say: we did it ourselves.
iii. An ant on the move does more than a dozing
ox.
iv. Be Content with what you have; rejoice in
the way things are. When you realize there
is nothing lacking, the whole world belongs
to you.
c. The Influence of Confucius
i. The ______________ Service is a group of people who carry out
the work of government.
ii. A Merit System
1. Positions based on merit- on how qualified he was or how
well he did his job.
iii. Rising to High Positions
1. Opened government up to everyone
2. Must know how to _____________.
III.
Warring Kingdoms Unite
a. China’s first emperor was ___________________________
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i. Archeologists discovered more than ______________ life-sized
statues of soldiers and horses, along with wood and bronze chariots
and metal weapons.
ii. Qin boasted the dynasty would last __________________
generations.
b. The Qin Dynasty (Chin)
i. China’s First Emperor
1. Shi Huangdi’s original name was Zhao Zhen (jow jeng).
2. He ruled the _________ people along China’s western
border.
3. By _________ B.C. he ruled over most of modern day
China.
4. When he established the Qin Dynasty, he took the name
Shi Huangdi, which mean “______________________.”
5. Because Qin is sometimes spelled Chin, the name China
comes from the Qin dynasty.
ii. Strengthening the Empire
1. He sought strength through strong harsh rule.
2. Sought to end attacks from wandering nomads, known as
barbarians.
a. He ordered the largest ____________________
project in Chinese history.
b. It is now know as the ______________________.
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c. Previous rulers had built smaller walls along the
border. Shi Huangdi decided to connect them.
d. Some experts believe it may be about ___________
miles long. (This estimate is VERY low. Recent
studies using satellite technologies estimate the wall
to be 5,500.3 mi with all the branches.) Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China
iii. Organizing the Government
1. Shi Huangdi put thousands of ______________ to work
building roads.
2. The roads enabled the armies to ____________ to the scene
of any uprisings.
3. The emperor _____________ or imprisoned any local
rulers who opposed him.
c. Unifying Economy and Culture
i. Economic and Cultural Improvements
1. Shi Huangdi declared that one _____________, or money,
be used throughout China.
ii. Restricting Freedoms
1. In 213 B.C., he _________________ the ideas of
Confucius and other thinkers.
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2. The Qin believed in _______________, the idea that
people should be punished for bad behavior and rewarded
for good behavior.
3. Commanded that all books be burned except those about
__________________, technology, and farming.
a. Hundreds of scholars protested and Shi Huangdi
had them all _______________.
iii. The End of a Dynasty
1. He died in ___________ B.C.
2. Death was followed by four years of chaos and war that led
to his son’s death.
3. The dynasty that was supposed to last 10,000 generations
only lasted ________ years.
d. The Han Dynasty
i. By 202 B.C., Liu Bang (Lyoh bahng) won out over his rivals and
became emperor of China. This ushered in the ________ dynasty.
ii. Wudi: The Warrior Emperor
1. In 140 B.C., Liu Bang’s great-grandson, ___________,
came to power.
2. Under Wudi, the Han dynasty reached its greatest power.
3. Wudi’s name means “____________________________.”
4. Made improvements on Shi Huangdi’s Great Wall.
5. Reign spread to parts of Korea and Vietnam.
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iii. The End of the Han Empire
1. Wudi died in _________ B.C.
2. A series of ____________ emperors led to people not
paying attention to the government.
3. Warlords, or local leaders of armed groups gained power.
4. A warlord named __________________ tried to control the
empire though the emperor.
5. The Wei Dynasty
a. In A.D. _________, he declared an end to the Han
dynasty.
b. He set up his own ________ dynasty.
c. It ended after _______ years with China breaking
up into smaller kingdoms.
IV.
Achievements of Ancient China
a. The Silk Road
i. The Silk Road was an ancient ___________ route between China
and Europe.
ii. Wudi’s conquests in the west brought the Chinese into
_____________ with the people of Central Asia.
iii. The Silk Road ran all the way from China to the
________________________ Sea.
iv. Connecting Roads
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1. The series of connecting roads covered more than
__________ miles, the distance from Chicago to Hawaii.
v. A Route for Goods
1. Goods were passed from trader to trader as the crossed
Asia.
2. With each trade, the price of goods went _____.
3. The road got its name from _________, a valuable cloth
originally only made in China.
4. The methods of making and dying silk from silkworms
were highly guarded secrets.
vi. A Route for Ideas
1. Missionaries from India travelled along the road and
brought the religion of _________________ with them.
b. Tradition and Learning
i. Respect for Learning
1. The rulers encouraged a return to the teachings of
__________________.
2. Rulers in the Han and later dynasties required civil servants
to be educated in Confucian teachings.
3. The arts and ___________________ flourished under the
Han dynasty.
ii. A History of China
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Period:_________
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1. Sima Qian (sih MAH chen) spent his life writing a history
of China from mythical times to the reign of
____________.
2. His book was called Historical Records.
c. Han Technology
i. Advances in Technology
1. Made significant advances in _____________ tools and
other technologies.
ii. The Invention of Paper
1. In 105 A.D. the Chinese invented _____________.
2. The Han dynasty came to an end in the A.D. 200s.
3. People in China still call themselves “the
__________________ of Han.”
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