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Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
Study Guide
Answer Key
SECTION 1. RESPIRATORY AND
CIRCULATORY FUNCTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
respiratory
circulatory
homeostasis
4; 1; 3; 2
3; 2; 1
heart
arteries
veins
capillaries
cold
diaphragm
alveoli
SECTION 2. RESPIRATION AND
GAS EXCHANGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
higher, lower
alveoli
surface area
hemoglobin
2; 4; 3; 1
smoking
emphysema
asthma
cystic fibrosis
Asthma
Hemoglobin
emphysema
SECTION 3. THE HEART AND
CIRCULATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
right
right ventricle
left atrium
mitral
left ventricle
aortic
muscle, valves
ventricles
2; 5; 3; 1; 4
pulmonary
11. systemic
12. first
13. pacemaker
SECTION 4. BLOOD VESSELS AND
TRANSPORT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Arteries
Veins
muscle cells, elastic fibers (either order)
Capillary beds
blood, artery
systolic pressure
diastolic pressure
elasticity
hypertension
circulatory diseases
angioplasty; bypass surgery
arteriosclerosis; atherosclerosis
systolic pressure
diastolic pressure
SECTION 5. BLOOD
1–3. Correct answers, in any order: red blood
cells, white blood cells, platelets
4. plasma proteins
5–6. albumin; fibrinogen (either order)
7. Albumin
8. Fibrinogen
9. Immune proteins
10. red blood cells
11. white blood cells
12. platelets
13. blood type
14. Blood clots
15. the four blood types, A, B, AB, and O
16. platelet
17. Plasma
Section 1: Respiratory and Circulatory Functions
Study Guide
KEY CONCEPT
The respiratory and circulatory systems bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells.
VOCABULARY
circulatory system
alveoli
vein
respiratory system
diaphragm
capillary
Trachea
heart
Lung
artery
MAIN IDEA: The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to maintain
homeostasis.
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. The main function of the _____________________ system is exchanging
gases in the blood with gases from the atmosphere.
2. The main functions of the _____________________ system include
transporting blood, bringing supplies to cells and carrying away wastes, and
separating oxygen-poor blood from oxygen-rich blood.
3. The circulatory and respiratory systems work together to maintain
_____________________ as the body’s needs for oxygen and
nutrients change.
MAIN IDEA: The respiratory system moves gases into and out of the blood.
Number the following parts of the body to show the path that air takes after it
enters the nose and mouth.
4. _________ alveoli
_________ trachea
_________ bronchiole
_________ lungs
Study Guide continued
As shown in Figure 1.2, when you inhale, the muscles of the rib cage contract,
expanding the rib cage. The diaphragm flattens and moves downward, and air
flows into the lungs. Number the following phrases to show the sequence of
events that happens when you exhale.
5. __________ air flows out
__________ air pressure inside the lungs increases
__________ muscles of the rib cage relax, making the rib cage smaller, and the
diaphragm relaxes, causing it to rise
MAIN IDEA: The circulatory system moves blood to all parts of the body.
Fill in the chart to help you remember the parts of the circulatory system and
their functions.
Part
6.
Function
keeps blood moving to every part of the body
7.
carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
8.
carry blood from the body to the heart
9.
tiny blood vessels that transport blood to and from cells
Circle the word that best completes the sentence.
10. To maintain a steady body temperature during hot / cold weather, blood
vessels constrict to conserve heat. During hot / cold weather, the heart pumps
harder and the blood vessels dilate to bring excess heat to the skin.
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with the word that best completes the sentence.
11. The large dome-shaped muscle at the base of the rib cage is the
_____________________.
12. The smallest branches of the respiratory system are the
_____________________.
Section 2: Respiration and Gas Exchange
Study Guide
KEY CONCEPT
The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide.
VOCABULARY
red blood cell
emphysema
Hemoglobin
asthma
MAIN IDEA: Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. Gases move by diffusion from an area of _____________________
concentration to an area of _____________________ concentration.
2. The circulatory and respiratory systems come together in the
_____________________, where gas exchange takes place.
3. The large _____________________ provided by clusters of alveoli makes it
possible for the lungs to absorb enough oxygen to keep you alive.
4. The _____________________ in red blood cells is an iron-rich protein that
carries oxygen.
Number the following phrases to show the sequence of events that happens when
CO2 levels in the blood increase.
5. ______ Sensors relay information about blood acidity to the medulla and pons
in the brain stem.
______ Diaphragm and rib muscles are stimulated to work harder.
______ The medulla sends messages through the nervous and endocrine
systems.
______ Blood becomes more acidic.
Study Guide continued
MAIN IDEA: Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange.
Complete the chart below by filling in the blanks with the disease or activity that
corresponds with its effect on the lungs’ ability to exchange gases.
Activity or Disease
Effect on Lungs
6.
Tar deposits reduce gas exchange.
7.
Alveoli are destroyed.
8.
Muscle spasms cause bronchioles to constrict.
9.
Thick, sticky mucus blocks airways.
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
10. _____________________ is a constriction of the bronchioles that can be
triggered by allergies, stress, or exposure to pollutants.
11. _____________________ is a protein that carries oxygen and has reddish
color
because it contains iron.
12. Smoking is the primary cause of a lung disorder called
_____________________.
Section 3: The Heart and Circulation
Study Guide
KEY CONCEPT
The heart is a muscular pump that moves the blood through two pathways.
VOCABULARY
Atrium
pacemaker
Ventricle
pulmonary circulation
Valve
systemic circulation
MAIN IDEA: The tissues and structures of the heart make it an efficient pump.
Fill in the blanks in the Pattern Notes below with the main chambers and valves of
the heart. Use Figure 3.1 to help you.
LEFT
RIGHT
1. ___________ atrium
3. ___________
tricuspid valve
4. ___________ valve
Heart
structures
2. ___________
5. ___________
pulmonary valve
6. ___________ valve
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
7. There are two main reasons why the heart is such an efficient, self-regulating
pump. First, cardiac _____________________ never gets tired. Second, the
heart _____________________ prevent blood from flowing backward.
8. In the heartbeat cycle, the SA node stimulates the atria to contract, then the
AV node causes the _____________________ to contract.
Study Guide continued
Number the following phrases to show the sequence of events that happens
during a heartbeat cycle.
9. _________ Blood from the right ventricle is pumped into the pulmonary
artery.
_________ Blood from the left atrium is pumped into the left ventricle, and
from there to the rest of the body.
_________ Oxygen-poor blood moves into the lungs.
_________ Oxygen-poor blood flows into the right atrium, then is pumped
into the right ventricle.
_________ Oxygen-rich blood moves from the lungs into the left atrium.
MAIN IDEA: The heart pumps blood through two main pathways.
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
10. The main functions of _____________________ circulation are to carry
oxygen poor blood away from the heart into the lungs and bring oxygen-rich
blood to the heart from the lungs.
11. The main functions of _____________________ circulation are to carry
oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body except the heart, and to carry
oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
12. An atrium in a building is the first room or area that people enter before going
into the rest of the building. Similarly, the atrium is the
_____________________ chamber that blood enters when it moves into the
heart from the body.
13. The SA node is called the heart’s _____________________ because it
generates electrical signals that control the start of each heartbeat.
Section 4: Blood Vessels and Transport
Study Guide
KEY CONCEPT
The circulatory system transports materials throughout the body.
VOCABULARY
blood pressure
diastolic pressure
systolic pressure
MAIN IDEA: Arteries, veins, and capillaries transport blood to all parts
of the body.
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. _____________________ carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
2. _____________________ carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
3. Unlike arteries and veins, capillaries contain no _____________________ or
_____________________.
4. _____________________ are dense networks that form in areas of high
metabolic activity, including lungs, kidneys, and liver.
5. When a doctor takes your blood pressure, he or she is measuring the force of
_____________________ pushing against the wall of a(n)
_____________________.
6. Pressure created when the left ventricle contracts is called
_____________________.
7. Pressure created when the left ventricle relaxes is called
_____________________.
8. Blood pressure increases if there are blockages in the artery, if the vessels have
lost _____________________, or if the heart is weakened.
9. Permanent high blood pressure, called _____________________, can result in
a heart attack or stroke.
Study Guide continued
MAIN IDEA: Lifestyle plays a key role in circulatory diseases.
Complete the following Concept Web to show how lifestyle choices can affect
circulatory health. Choose from the following terms: arteriosclerosis, angioplasty,
atherosclerosis, bypass surgery, circulatory diseases.
Hint: There are two correct terms for items 11 and 12.
Poor diet, little exercise,
smoking, high stress
can lead to
12.
10.
untreated
can lead to
lifestyle
choices,
medication
11.
can be
treated by
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
13. The Greek word sustellein means “to contract.” The vocabulary term
_____________________ refers to blood pressure during a ventricular
contraction.
14. The Greek word diastellein means “to expand.” The vocabulary term
_____________________ refers to blood pressure during a ventricular
relaxation.
Section 5: Blood
Study Guide
KEY CONCEPT
Blood is a complex tissue that transports materials.
VOCABULARY
Platelet
ABO blood group
Plasma
Rh factor
white blood cells
MAIN IDEA: Blood is composed mainly of cells, cell fragments, and plasma.
Complete the following Concept Web for the components in blood.
Whole blood
is composed mainly of
2.
1.
3.
plasma
which is composed of
waste products 90% water
5.
6.
Dissolved
molecules,
including 4.
such as
immune
proteins
Study Guide continued
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
7. _____________________ is a plasma protein that stabilizes blood volume and
prevents blood from leaking out of blood vessels.
8. _____________________ is a plasma protein that contributes to the clotting of
blood to stop bleeding after injury.
9. _____________________ fight infection and attack foreign materials that
enter the body.
MAIN IDEA: Platelets and different types of cells have different functions.
Complete the chart below by filling in the names of the blood components.
Blood Component
Structure
Functions
10.
shaped like an inner tube
with a solid center,
contain hemoglobin,
no nucleus or organelles
carry oxygen to cells,
carry carbon dioxide away
from cells
11.
various types,
can enter lymphatic system
and body tissues
defend the body against
infection,
remove foreign material
and dead cells
12.
cell fragments
help form clots to control
bleeding
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
13. A person’s _____________________ is determined by protein markers on the
surface of red blood cells.
14. _____________________ that form inside blood vessels can lead to heart
attack or stroke.
Vocabulary Check
Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
15. The term ABO blood group stands for ______________________.
16. The suffix -let means “small.” The vocabulary term that includes this word
part is _____________________.
17. _____________________ is the liquid that makes up about 55 percent of
blood